tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4784496966023901512024-02-18T17:43:27.233-08:00Baldwin Hills Village...and the Village GreenSteven Keylonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11162895111618226987noreply@blogger.comBlogger27125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-478449696602390151.post-15270002857371790062013-12-12T11:44:00.000-08:002013-12-12T14:25:21.967-08:00Dramatic Kodacolor Snapshots From the Height of the Baldwin Hills Flood <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjO6pR_8EXwfGK0UMIT40jkxB1fBNtpeIiF0nhthfBu6wH4sj51Sgaxjtd1l7_Kp6o77dYzpo34tGzyZC-GeCRJZZZx3L2ttSjfZJepqWa7eU_PAV9dy0oM8A5T0mRvp8ulZWm7Be_2Cngt/s1600/flood+color+snap+8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjO6pR_8EXwfGK0UMIT40jkxB1fBNtpeIiF0nhthfBu6wH4sj51Sgaxjtd1l7_Kp6o77dYzpo34tGzyZC-GeCRJZZZx3L2ttSjfZJepqWa7eU_PAV9dy0oM8A5T0mRvp8ulZWm7Be_2Cngt/s640/flood+color+snap+8.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Taken from the second floor of an apartment in Building 70 (Court 14), this dramatic photograph shows<br />
the flood waters ripping through the Village, just after the water had begun to subside. Note the water line<br />
on the brick bungalow at the right.</td></tr>
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Steve Brink, who grew up in Baldwin Hills Village, has been kind enough to share his story and some very rare and dramatic photographs in honor of the 50th Anniversary of the Baldwin Hills Flood and Dam Break. Taken by his uncle who was trapped in the upper floor of his apartment in the Village, it shows the flood-waters roaring through the Village Green at the height of the devastation. One particularly thrilling image shows a helicopter as it tries to land on the roof of a building across the Green, attempting to rescue some Villagers who had been trapped in Court 8. This event was documented in a previous post here by long-time Baldwin Hills Village resident Helen Spears:</div>
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<a href="http://baldwinhillsvillageandthevillagegreen.blogspot.com/2011/03/baldwin-hills-dam-breaks-december-14.html">http://baldwinhillsvillageandthevillagegreen.blogspot.com/2011/03/baldwin-hills-dam-breaks-december-14.html</a></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Steve Brink, right, with his father and brother, Baldwin Hills Village, ca. 1965.</td></tr>
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Here is Steve Brink's story:</div>
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"We lived in the Village from just before I was born,
possibly 1959, I was born in June 1960. We first lived at 5207 ½, I remember
falling down the hardwood stairs once. When I was 3 and prior to the flood, we
moved to the studio apartment at 5431 in Court 13. My brother was born October
1963. The Village was a great place for kids in those days. There were three
playgrounds and the parents didn't have to worry since we could just go into
the greens and plenty of sidewalks to roller skate and bicycle. I went to
Baldwin Hills Elementary for Kindergarten, B1, and A1 before moving to Arcadia.
We moved away in September, 1967, and had our last dinner at Hody's, which was
formerly at the northwest corner of La Brea and Rodeo. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9GXcLFA8a4qK4I8B4bQx-VsPuEtekV7gWLF3Ey9bv4Atnw6vjrJQyosathIHMOjlg_jvVbC77WBfaiCORnIrv-2G6Gjx6HDYJdV9O3KyJH3N68W2tRm4kc5cpFX9zZji5mCyt9J9eG8qz/s1600/Flood+color+snap+4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9GXcLFA8a4qK4I8B4bQx-VsPuEtekV7gWLF3Ey9bv4Atnw6vjrJQyosathIHMOjlg_jvVbC77WBfaiCORnIrv-2G6Gjx6HDYJdV9O3KyJH3N68W2tRm4kc5cpFX9zZji5mCyt9J9eG8qz/s640/Flood+color+snap+4.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Floating cars in Garage Court 14</td></tr>
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On the day of the flood, my dad was coming home and
mentioned to my mom that there was a lot of water at La Brea and Rodeo. My mom
said either police or fire said there was a crack in the reservoir but they
don't expect it to break. My mom told my dad that since it was an earthen dam,
they better evacuate. They packed up a few things and took both cars to my
grandparents' house in Westwood. My mom said that she put our pet canary
upstairs ‘to give him a better chance.’ My uncle (who also lived in VG, in Court
14) must have been the one who took the photos, probably using an old Kodak 126
instamatic.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeLnBF6t8WiJcP_CgOFv6ETo6qK8PzQZ79MGwrcGJVDf_YrSswQe6ZHhGmZXCbbl8-FyNg40igU2roSpT7XlnCYE-pEOke-hieRYBcjnb85hPlOG1STeUowR1n2_cubO_uSEF49uQ7uVkU/s1600/Flood+color+snap+5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="418" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeLnBF6t8WiJcP_CgOFv6ETo6qK8PzQZ79MGwrcGJVDf_YrSswQe6ZHhGmZXCbbl8-FyNg40igU2roSpT7XlnCYE-pEOke-hieRYBcjnb85hPlOG1STeUowR1n2_cubO_uSEF49uQ7uVkU/s640/Flood+color+snap+5.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Building 68 in Court 13 engulfed by flood waters.</td></tr>
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My parents had to prove that they were residents to see the
damage later that day or the next day. I am not sure when we were able to come
back home, but when we did my tricycle was still in our back porch. I clearly
remember the aftermath and the rebuilding, especially on the Coliseum Street
side.</div>
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My mom, dad and aunt are no longer alive, but it was an event they all talked about from time to time. My aunt's old dining room table had water stains about three inches up the legs from the flood water. It was a conversation piece for years."</div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fences destroyed by the strong currents and floating debris.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCgUjFuzc1K6H0K-WEz3NqEkNvabzQG5vAmMBMJLuG06c1l84GfXXlH7BFcSxPE1Ck_l9DGRgPxh65IXrB6mfoNzO3Q7Eq5yYcv3vgDGIauu4wPzAHyWhusNOcWGmmRGVUb8sJvpbsmWdm/s1600/Flood+color+snap+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCgUjFuzc1K6H0K-WEz3NqEkNvabzQG5vAmMBMJLuG06c1l84GfXXlH7BFcSxPE1Ck_l9DGRgPxh65IXrB6mfoNzO3Q7Eq5yYcv3vgDGIauu4wPzAHyWhusNOcWGmmRGVUb8sJvpbsmWdm/s640/Flood+color+snap+3.jpg" width="422" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Garage Court 14 inundated, the garage structures nearly destroyed.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdWUhSsuJfGQ8GEiJTC8yu_uDN48YMmWTqULbAjb72vd60uF0JZiNZbkBO5liAsQgiwXIfbNO_GDDyGulQ2gSmdgzVPo58Q60OpXIiZ37KfziOjfVzPNEx5caRt8nePKLPRhVlD1cNiSHH/s1600/flood+color+snap+helicopter.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdWUhSsuJfGQ8GEiJTC8yu_uDN48YMmWTqULbAjb72vd60uF0JZiNZbkBO5liAsQgiwXIfbNO_GDDyGulQ2gSmdgzVPo58Q60OpXIiZ37KfziOjfVzPNEx5caRt8nePKLPRhVlD1cNiSHH/s640/flood+color+snap+helicopter.jpg" width="438" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A helicopter maneuvers to land on the roof of a building in Court 8, attempting to rescue<br />
some Villagers who didn't evacuate.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQnaPWf_kYCzAhr1QLGfEVVBwNVr_4qFQdby7_Emn6ACMho_xVrsQx3I4NCtiXBQcWERqAgKuLSC5yRqblpAbcDDTSn2onH_qqXYmLiqTG4tXZDNu4I2WU619yl24bd2nfCy2BgkOp_AWp/s1600/Flood+Color+snapshot2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQnaPWf_kYCzAhr1QLGfEVVBwNVr_4qFQdby7_Emn6ACMho_xVrsQx3I4NCtiXBQcWERqAgKuLSC5yRqblpAbcDDTSn2onH_qqXYmLiqTG4tXZDNu4I2WU619yl24bd2nfCy2BgkOp_AWp/s640/Flood+Color+snapshot2.jpg" width="408" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Garage Court 14, looking at Building 73.</td></tr>
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Steven Keylonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11162895111618226987noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-478449696602390151.post-7520558393911199282013-12-09T10:01:00.000-08:002013-12-13T19:17:11.502-08:00Surfing the Floodwaters - The Baldwin Hills Flood: December 14, 1963<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmaObcn5VLa8KtyQyh5tWN9Ja6MXmevtu8FDP6R0WjQRRW3mvc53k_Yv1gb6VABW7iGZ1bIY2zI3MIk0gLEhPvIZAl1L6IRUUP8eFO3l03uONdrFvu5z5i-FSFIvIFrlyuhSRKLW_v6nZJ/s1600/1069388_223415571140413_1624867546_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmaObcn5VLa8KtyQyh5tWN9Ja6MXmevtu8FDP6R0WjQRRW3mvc53k_Yv1gb6VABW7iGZ1bIY2zI3MIk0gLEhPvIZAl1L6IRUUP8eFO3l03uONdrFvu5z5i-FSFIvIFrlyuhSRKLW_v6nZJ/s640/1069388_223415571140413_1624867546_n.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Steve Close, right and his friend Jim Otto on their surfboards at the Otto's house on Bowesfield, just north of Baldwin Hills Village. Photo taken around the time of the flood.</i></td></tr>
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<i>To commemorate the 50th Anniversary this week of the Baldwin Hills Flood and Dam Break of December 14, 1963, Steve Close has been kind enough to share his recollections of the Flood. Steve grew up in Baldwin Hills Village, living here from 1943 until 1960. In recent years, he has helped with research and has shared his wonderful photographs of his family living in the Village. Here is his story...</i></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Steve Close at right with his family in Court One, 1956.</i></td></tr>
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In December of 1963, I had recently gotten a job as a
janitor at the Rodeo Bowl on Rodeo Road. The Saturday the dam broke, a radio
could be heard over the PA system.
Announcements were coming through before noon, indicating the Baldwin
Hills reservoir dam was cracked and they were trying to pump out the water and
evacuate the neighborhoods below the dam.</div>
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I didn't think that much of it. I'd seen the reservoir and
dam and didn't think it really contained all that much water. Plus, it seemed
as though they were working on getting it under control. Who'd think the thing
would actually give way?<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNCnK6gOvqBU962piNjWSdqIXnVuVN-C3rHx_mvgRR341NvjOqyCEWIYhPwfXfLmNlCV9HvdX2Nk4YWHH-b4WqUpG9ENtMgFo_d2z5UEZYPr-GJSOFFgDs47sQ645g79KhbM-ImwP4aOvH/s1600/Rodeo+Bowl1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="231" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNCnK6gOvqBU962piNjWSdqIXnVuVN-C3rHx_mvgRR341NvjOqyCEWIYhPwfXfLmNlCV9HvdX2Nk4YWHH-b4WqUpG9ENtMgFo_d2z5UEZYPr-GJSOFFgDs47sQ645g79KhbM-ImwP4aOvH/s400/Rodeo+Bowl1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Architectural rendering of the Rodeo Bowl at 5755 Rodeo Road. Designed by architects Armet & Davis, the plush 32 lane bowling alley opened in April, 1957. Stripped of the mid-century detail, it is now the Baha'i Center. </i></td></tr>
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Sometime before 4pm I heard the desk manager ask for all patrons
to come to the desk. His voice was calm, but his face had turned pale. Folks
began to gather and he presently announced that the dam had broken and there
was water in the street outside. He said there was no reason to panic and that
it would be best to stay in the building. <o:p></o:p></div>
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I was the first one to look out the front door to see what
was going on. I was stunned to see several feet of muddy, roiling brown water and
debris flowing west on Rodeo Road. And about that time the water began to come
in under the door of the bowling alley. Damn, and I had just cleaned the floor!
I was skeptical about remaining in the building as I had visions of water
filling the building up to the ceiling and eventually drowning.<o:p></o:p></div>
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I hurried over to the west side exit of the building that
opened on La Cienega, where I saw that the water was rising and making its way
north on La Cienega. There was a traffic jam as vehicles tried to move north on
La Cienega away from the flood. But the cars were stuck. I remember being glad
to be on foot! <o:p></o:p></div>
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Some people began to desperately (and futilely) honk their
horns to get the cars ahead to move, but of course they couldn't move either. As
the water rose to door level, one driver panicked and gunned his car into the
car ahead, out of desperation and terror.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Cars stacked by floodwaters after the water had subsided. <br />Taken at the corner of La Cienega and Rodeo Road near the Rodeo Bowl.</i></td></tr>
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I was living a couple of blocks north with my friend Jim Otto
and his family at 5627 Bowesfield, which was on higher ground. I was concerned though
that the water would eventually make its way there and drown the Otto’s dog
Candice, a Basenji. I ran there about as fast as the water was moving. When I
got there about five minutes later the street had perhaps 3 feet of water in
it, and was already almost up to the porch, but the house was still dry. I
checked the back yard for Candice, but she was gone. Someone had already
rescued the dog. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
At the time I was into surfing and had a Dewey Weber
surfboard in the garage. I thought it would be a great to paddle it around the
neighborhood to see what was going on, so I got it out and began paddling
towards the dam.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The water level seemed to be stabilizing, so I began to believe
the worst was over. I was heading south on Clyde Street towards Rodeo road when
I saw an elderly man clinging to a light post in a current of muddy water about
waist deep. I paddled over and hesitantly offered assistance. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
He agreed to let me try to get him on the board and paddle
him home, a block or so away. I had to get off the board, partly swimming and
perhaps touching the ground, to get him loaded on the board. After some
fumbling around, I managed to get him aboard, and then I climbed on the back
and began to paddle him home. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I took just a few minutes to get there and I paddled him up
his driveway where he could finally get off on dry ground or shallow water and
walk into his home. His wife was so happy to see him.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As the water receded I paddled back to Otto’s to drop the
board, put on some rubber boots and picked my way through deep mud towards
Rodeo Road, turning east to survey the damage. It was unbelievable. For one
thing, I didn't see anyone else out there. No rescue people, no sightseers, no
one. I saw cars overturned and leaning at odd angles. I looked into a few,
dreading to see drowning victims, but fortunately, I found no bodies. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTI9wQzkh-ikM7hhP8iuzv0nK_ShVdpwy4GybX4Ii289sgrVy398Hm230KrqcEYTTgDaADqQxuYrIpDyQYtU3vJxg_ChOL98zr-e6ME1gH_GMfT3CGckDEkP2zSDzXzwB44_q62We5mDUn/s1600/Flood+Contact+3.7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="391" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTI9wQzkh-ikM7hhP8iuzv0nK_ShVdpwy4GybX4Ii289sgrVy398Hm230KrqcEYTTgDaADqQxuYrIpDyQYtU3vJxg_ChOL98zr-e6ME1gH_GMfT3CGckDEkP2zSDzXzwB44_q62We5mDUn/s400/Flood+Contact+3.7.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Looking east on Rodeo Place</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSOpfsSxNhwkkJhBVg0v_t7-bEJ-cnxzwQ-lK2EPWzQrVUo8sXKrev3QcKWXvCTBOU6_I5oR-sEdF-n8zgL-ASi64t-lRiFXH0-URdeW2Yewk7zMqyy6-NIz7flmE70PQuDYc8Q4MBCXSI/s1600/Flood+Contact+4.3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSOpfsSxNhwkkJhBVg0v_t7-bEJ-cnxzwQ-lK2EPWzQrVUo8sXKrev3QcKWXvCTBOU6_I5oR-sEdF-n8zgL-ASi64t-lRiFXH0-URdeW2Yewk7zMqyy6-NIz7flmE70PQuDYc8Q4MBCXSI/s400/Flood+Contact+4.3.jpg" width="392" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Debris caught by trees, Court 14</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinZ2oOmdCX1F36-7IU1sY0AGqfGBtr52MkkPcE0lNTuIaR6grizA6LygohiPL3aUXaZbr28ZE46OJaBv9UjXTUXg87illG4VPrP5NUnnWfmqeAHXj7yzGPZKhVoFzNXrIOh7nkh7m9zBGX/s1600/Flood+Contact+2.10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinZ2oOmdCX1F36-7IU1sY0AGqfGBtr52MkkPcE0lNTuIaR6grizA6LygohiPL3aUXaZbr28ZE46OJaBv9UjXTUXg87illG4VPrP5NUnnWfmqeAHXj7yzGPZKhVoFzNXrIOh7nkh7m9zBGX/s400/Flood+Contact+2.10.jpg" width="392" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Damage in a Garage Court</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I made my way to the Village Green to make a foot survey. I
didn’t see anyone amid the widespread destruction there either. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The days were short and it was beginning to get dark, so by
5pm I finally went home. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Later, Jim Otto and I got a job cleaning up one of the
luxury apartments in the Village Green that had once been part of the old
Clubhouse. Though we were two young guys in good shape, after the first twelve
hour day of shoveling mud we were so sore we were all but useless the next day,
only lasting a few more hours. We shoveled so much mud out of there. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUf1S14ywYLLyW3snvunc18-PQQkoqEo4jadNxwaCJCqoQCr32R5LJ3zBK-IzmMF1Hhy0-4lJ45HWgnWLXxwkJnkha0BauyTJlx-cpe0-ck_efyJvCWcKqo-CDGiykMzikmMg0uv_BWwOg/s1600/INTFlood+Contact+1.1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="388" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUf1S14ywYLLyW3snvunc18-PQQkoqEo4jadNxwaCJCqoQCr32R5LJ3zBK-IzmMF1Hhy0-4lJ45HWgnWLXxwkJnkha0BauyTJlx-cpe0-ck_efyJvCWcKqo-CDGiykMzikmMg0uv_BWwOg/s400/INTFlood+Contact+1.1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>A group of photographs showing the two apartments in the old Clubhouse Building. <br />Steve Close and Jim Otto spent a day and a half cleaning the mud <br />out of one of these units.</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9GNi7_ivnz2hy6XLfCDQ5nkfUiHCby8syA_xUWAYi62Tg50YCzQvKW0IY-MuEmm2qxn-cnw0mo23WlOiac5ALAz83hyphenhyphenjKlvKOolVCWtyh881A2o23fS2tpwClOoC73SbTgdaTh4oaCrni/s1600/INTFlood+Contact+3.10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="396" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9GNi7_ivnz2hy6XLfCDQ5nkfUiHCby8syA_xUWAYi62Tg50YCzQvKW0IY-MuEmm2qxn-cnw0mo23WlOiac5ALAz83hyphenhyphenjKlvKOolVCWtyh881A2o23fS2tpwClOoC73SbTgdaTh4oaCrni/s400/INTFlood+Contact+3.10.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpy3FMfBCeKActpiLsZ8CuBxG72yPmVEoszIs8Pbbocc07xi_odEfr7QOJWov-xQXDaMV_F1GK7A04BBjZNk3FrGj8UrGBlSlWayLXuEJG4Fe3j9NAFmQfXGsgCBGjDz2KaTbXea-PPe3e/s1600/INTFlood+Contact+3.9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="397" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpy3FMfBCeKActpiLsZ8CuBxG72yPmVEoszIs8Pbbocc07xi_odEfr7QOJWov-xQXDaMV_F1GK7A04BBjZNk3FrGj8UrGBlSlWayLXuEJG4Fe3j9NAFmQfXGsgCBGjDz2KaTbXea-PPe3e/s400/INTFlood+Contact+3.9.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDnkc-ySfQAP4Fc2GLK5FeT_gs-jPPrCCLQAnz4qFOOKhtwiOa_asJs-LOL14GM3OmT_A6M8JTjlmsWXWFsv6KZu5Y3S3DgMqeX-RD_PI45_Mcguuv3iqwjcNIwZkfbF06uqgROehiVj_2/s1600/INTFlood+Contact+8.4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="395" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDnkc-ySfQAP4Fc2GLK5FeT_gs-jPPrCCLQAnz4qFOOKhtwiOa_asJs-LOL14GM3OmT_A6M8JTjlmsWXWFsv6KZu5Y3S3DgMqeX-RD_PI45_Mcguuv3iqwjcNIwZkfbF06uqgROehiVj_2/s400/INTFlood+Contact+8.4.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Some homes in the path of the flood were stripped off their
foundations. I understand some of the two story buildings in the Village had
water clear to the roof. Though there were ultimately 5 fatalities, it was
miraculous that casualties were so low considering the devastation the flood
wreaked. Because of a fortunate advanced warning, most people in harm’s way
successfully evacuated. I don't think I ever went back to the bowling alley. I
didn't even care about my last paycheck.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiA_G-18ocGzGmIqFBhn_68LlLhHAhL6AxVw9Ae7LcBr5a2b3lSoMqEkrBrhfQvE6EXe9kI6mR7QJXMFggF1f-4RJt3kkjmwRL95rZ6VzgobhrlNb-NpJzuxFiZ_LDwwW5zYj6qjjDM1_aL/s1600/Flood+Contact+4.1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="395" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiA_G-18ocGzGmIqFBhn_68LlLhHAhL6AxVw9Ae7LcBr5a2b3lSoMqEkrBrhfQvE6EXe9kI6mR7QJXMFggF1f-4RJt3kkjmwRL95rZ6VzgobhrlNb-NpJzuxFiZ_LDwwW5zYj6qjjDM1_aL/s400/Flood+Contact+4.1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Walls blown out at Building 30.</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq3QUHYJnFWfi1aZJmGve8hcJoE7hewux2ImCvT99Z_7nOBy622c5KPybkS2IMe8EqtbFEV5ZueUGEumImCiDM6z4MeVeaj0XiQNU5RufpM9wr2bw4g5_Z-IUMEzze0z-bLeDqgJNdb62b/s1600/Flood+Contact+4.10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq3QUHYJnFWfi1aZJmGve8hcJoE7hewux2ImCvT99Z_7nOBy622c5KPybkS2IMe8EqtbFEV5ZueUGEumImCiDM6z4MeVeaj0XiQNU5RufpM9wr2bw4g5_Z-IUMEzze0z-bLeDqgJNdb62b/s400/Flood+Contact+4.10.jpg" width="387" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The force of the current is indicated by the debris, Building 71 in the background.</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyECcxN5kQvbLBZ4KfwpPsqNeGTD3Axd7lZRhdjgp9nQpr3Z4x-ANXOyBpUolDumrj4pCQk-kdkZEYewbjuziYdiZyuO85LegYUVWuO-dGydm3I-bwuLOotOaWJKASg1QwJ1cYsZu9phF9/s1600/Flood+Contact+4.5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="397" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyECcxN5kQvbLBZ4KfwpPsqNeGTD3Axd7lZRhdjgp9nQpr3Z4x-ANXOyBpUolDumrj4pCQk-kdkZEYewbjuziYdiZyuO85LegYUVWuO-dGydm3I-bwuLOotOaWJKASg1QwJ1cYsZu9phF9/s400/Flood+Contact+4.5.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Walls ripped away by floodwaters and debris.</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgildj2hNnblvlQck6yQ3GKc6ro_QWk-4l-s4jvH0nbwMBZxAHAldMzHkthIruQTfQF7HwImjUSlh1s1IlSGZbf11ts8eS_CpYHbvZrXloKwY4xM4MTks-2psa-W9JCVyadxyZ9pX-_Gfpb/s1600/Flood+Contact+5.3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgildj2hNnblvlQck6yQ3GKc6ro_QWk-4l-s4jvH0nbwMBZxAHAldMzHkthIruQTfQF7HwImjUSlh1s1IlSGZbf11ts8eS_CpYHbvZrXloKwY4xM4MTks-2psa-W9JCVyadxyZ9pX-_Gfpb/s400/Flood+Contact+5.3.jpg" width="397" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The force of the water tears out kitchen and dining room wall, Building 31.</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD406_gN-OhYeBBv39pfkQBHjbWC3EDSvyisdZQuQrC2LsQCM2s5i72Pe5tV6SHJeFErkSzlHMRjBbV-Rh2NrUiEYJ01BwUKyp0sJ3-DVHpsXQMsTii-s6BztmIdAV3lHyS2c8Aerd2QSd/s1600/Flood+Contact+7.9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD406_gN-OhYeBBv39pfkQBHjbWC3EDSvyisdZQuQrC2LsQCM2s5i72Pe5tV6SHJeFErkSzlHMRjBbV-Rh2NrUiEYJ01BwUKyp0sJ3-DVHpsXQMsTii-s6BztmIdAV3lHyS2c8Aerd2QSd/s400/Flood+Contact+7.9.jpg" width="397" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The dining room and kitchen sheared from the<br /> three bedroom unit at the end of Building 31.</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM94GDPWAaCsfMtKBWkwxkV5T1elE5hfpOZXxe8R0mxrYttcnJxgdttw2MLwfV2uqYK8vGJYKBrZbs6p9tUPMGrISCokvll5wYuBx5374b7MbaDnLSJzPnuomz_bBX_MMH_cPV3q79uX4a/s1600/Flood+Contact+7.8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="396" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM94GDPWAaCsfMtKBWkwxkV5T1elE5hfpOZXxe8R0mxrYttcnJxgdttw2MLwfV2uqYK8vGJYKBrZbs6p9tUPMGrISCokvll5wYuBx5374b7MbaDnLSJzPnuomz_bBX_MMH_cPV3q79uX4a/s400/Flood+Contact+7.8.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Building 31 sustains heavy damage</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimO1ZtxvB5G0mUdWqeSFU66dOA1-6bCtYgG3UXUqfHG6WriPVTgRT74hX4kQpa977ztba7shdxWpdJAKgsC2BHwPcLdkEnax_B0RfNAE0uLCOMOQRCWa6MM4Dsh8cwWfM4xgZ9ls1XwRNt/s1600/INTFlood+Contact+5.6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="385" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimO1ZtxvB5G0mUdWqeSFU66dOA1-6bCtYgG3UXUqfHG6WriPVTgRT74hX4kQpa977ztba7shdxWpdJAKgsC2BHwPcLdkEnax_B0RfNAE0uLCOMOQRCWa6MM4Dsh8cwWfM4xgZ9ls1XwRNt/s400/INTFlood+Contact+5.6.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Flood mud can still be found underneath some of the kitchen cabinets today.</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBpAmKOxlM3Jxe-nR2zhWcyN-137fPUkL33rf1dLJCvnDci5_FmJN69vetF3OWBHeKJhUJMps09ND1lZvU8RvFW7Dpz3TlXz_VSNtohipGrzVxI64SoZKVBworP8V0t9oVb0UvHZhGLWSv/s1600/INTFlood+Contact+7.7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="395" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBpAmKOxlM3Jxe-nR2zhWcyN-137fPUkL33rf1dLJCvnDci5_FmJN69vetF3OWBHeKJhUJMps09ND1lZvU8RvFW7Dpz3TlXz_VSNtohipGrzVxI64SoZKVBworP8V0t9oVb0UvHZhGLWSv/s400/INTFlood+Contact+7.7.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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Steven Keylonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11162895111618226987noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-478449696602390151.post-33537817715344938822013-02-13T18:23:00.000-08:002013-02-14T08:48:10.118-08:00Our Cultural Landscape Report Progresses<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">On Saturday, January 12<sup>th</sup>, the Village Green Clubhouse was standing room only as the Cultural Landscape Report (CLR) Committee held the first in a series of events to engage in a community dialogue about the CLR. We wanted to know what is important to residents about our landscape and how to develop landscape guidelines that will help shape future decisions, yet maintain The Village Green as a livable National Historic Landmark property. After ten years of hard work mostly by volunteer members, the CLR is scheduled to be completed later this year. Over the course of the next several months, the CLR Committee will host more educational events, tours, and lectures, as well as distribute information gathered over the course of a decade. At this initial meeting, Tina Bishop and Shelby Sharen from the Mundus Bishop Design firm in Denver came to The Village Green for a workshop, with the goal of listening to the community, hearing what we like about the landscape as it is, what we’d like to see changed or improved, and other ways we might like to use the many acres of open green space we share. Mundus Bishop, who will be collaborating on the creation of treatment recommendations for the CLR, came highly recommended to us by the National Park Service. After the meeting on January 12<sup>th</sup>, I asked several attendees what they thought of the event, and what we might do to improve future events. The following is what they said.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">About the facilitator of the day’s events, Tina Bishop, I heard nothing but praise. In addition to her ability to listen while not imposing her own opinions, people were impressed by her command of the audience. One commenter said that they thought Tina “did one of the most amazing jobs I have ever seen keeping people disciplined and productive during the meeting.” Another remarked that “I really appreciate how she stayed in control of the question session, so that it never got out of hand. You know how folks can be here ;).”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Overall, people felt that Tina was “sharp and knowledgeable about her field and about our property. She seems like a good fit to produce this half of the CLR,” and she presented the information clearly.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">I think most people love the landscape as it is, and it’s natural that some felt apprehensive or worried about the process, fearing that they wouldn’t be allowed to provide input, or that the CLR Committee was only going to try to push for a Restoration of The Village Green landscape. People were concerned that alternatives to Restoration wouldn’t be considered. After the meeting, however, everyone I spoke to felt like their concerns were heard, and felt more comfortable that the upcoming treatment plan wouldn’t be a Restoration-only recommendation; that landscape elements the community has grown to love will be retained, and that alternatives would be part of the final treatment plan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">One of the people I interviewed had initially been fearful that Tina would be pushing for a Restoration approach, “but came away with a feeling that this report was not going to be just another ‘historic preservationist dream’ document with little significance for the rest of us. It was important for me to hear from Tina that she thought input and buy-in from homeowners was necessary to produce a good report.” Someone else came to the meeting concerned that “the planning would not be open to alternative/non-historic shrubbery and ground cover planting suggestions. That concern was quickly allayed. I hope that the planning will continue to be open to planting California natives that would attract even more butterflies and birds to the area.” Another concern I heard was “that the main green turf was somehow in danger.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It turned out that they wanted to de-turf the courts, which is fine by me.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Areas for recreation have long been a controversial topic. In the last several years, a group of homeowners have been exploring the idea reintroducing play areas for children. A homeowner with children told me that “going into the meeting I was dreading what I perceive as an intolerant attitude toward children and their parents and it seemed to me those attitudes were on display Saturday. I felt on edge and sad about our anti-children neighbors but excited by all the other ideas. I hope we can make them happen.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Even though the session in the Clubhouse went very well overall, there were some suggestions on how we might improve future meetings. One Villager said that “it would have helped me had the power point presentation been printed for the attendees, but just listening I had a clear idea of what was and will be transpiring regarding the treatment plan for Village Green.” Another pointed out that “there was a lot of information, all important, and I became a bit frustrated because the treatment of each set of considerations was so cursory before we had to shift to another set and then another and then on so quickly to specific details and owners' concerns and suggestions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Since, apparently, "Landscape Architecture 101" had to be the format used that day, I think it would have been helpful had we been offered copies of the background criteria and considerations so briefly introduced.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>VG people are smart and perfectly capable of digesting concepts and ideas.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">One person I spoke to suggested that we post information online, because “I prefer to read documents on my own time - post details on-line and I will read it all.” All very good points, and all will be considered for future meetings.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">After the work session in the Clubhouse, the majority of the group ventured out into the Green for an outdoor working session, to talk about issues and concerns, and to hear more about the historic landscape through all of its phases. People really seemed to enjoy this portion of the day, and would like to see more walkabouts like this, as evidenced by these comments from several sources: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">“I think it is a very illustrative way of showing the design concepts. I think EVERYONE should be encouraged to attend the tours; it really gives a clearer understanding of what we have planned. Maybe we can end the tour with a small picnic on the green if it is another gorgeous day?! I was reluctant to leave at the end of the last tour.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">“This gave me the visual perspective about how the historic fits into the current. It provided me an opportunity to see that more restoration is possible than I was willing to previously acknowledge. I hope another will be scheduled.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">“The tour was really an eye-opener. The concept of horizontal blocks of color and texture, which I'm sure I'd read before, became real as I was able to imagine and see advantages to decomposed granite or some similar permeable but NOT dusty and pebbly!!!! For me, the jury is still out on various other changes apparently to be suggested in the not-yet-written "treatment plan," but it was enormously helpful to see and hear the possibilities.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Another homeowner said simply “the best vibe was when we were walking around.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Please continue to conduct meetings in that way.” And of course we will!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Some of the people I spoke with had expectations, as well as some concerns, going forward. Primarily, people hope “that the communication flow continues.” And I believe it will.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Another homeowner expressed concern that “people will reject the proposals without understanding them. Some ideas are actually money savers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These should be highlighted in some way. I'd like to know if there is federal or state money for this, such as with the Mills Act.” Along these same lines, another homeowner told me they believe that we have bigger issues to take care of before we begin worrying about rehabilitating the landscape, saying “I'm concerned about money.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was not a word about it on Saturday.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Okay, that's coming. I love the idea of rationalizing the chaos of our landscape and increasing its sustainability, but I really think doing something about the air leaks and inefficient heating systems in so many of our units should come first.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If grants could be secured that would cover the costs of landscape improvements that would certainly make a difference to my way of thinking.“</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Tina has developed a Trip Report, detailing the information they gathered when they were here. This will be made available shortly on the Village Green's website.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Going forward, there will be more opportunity to be involved in the process. Tina and Shelby will be coming back to the Village Green for another community meeting, where the initial draft version of their treatment plan will be presented for discussion. This will be immediately followed by another walking workshop out in the Green, and hopefully, as some have suggested, by a picnic lunch on the Center Green. This will happen on Saturday, March 23, so mark your calendars now. The meeting will begin at 11am with Tina presenting a draft of their recommendations and welcoming further community feedback, then continue with a walking tour around the green. More announcements will be made in advance of the meeting to encourage as many residents as possible to attend and have a say in “their” Village Green.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Another great event will take place on Thursday, April 25<sup>th</sup>, when Charles Birnbaum, from the Cultural Landscape Foundation, will speak at the Village Green. We had the opportunity to show him the property a few years ago, which I wrote about for this blog. </span></div>
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<a href="http://baldwinhillsvillageandthevillagegreen.blogspot.com/2011/05/vip-very-important-preservationists.html"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">http://baldwinhillsvillageandthevillagegreen.blogspot.com/2011/05/vip-very-important-preservationists.html</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">I really encourage you to attend; he is a very powerful speaker!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Details to follow later. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Steven Keylonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11162895111618226987noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-478449696602390151.post-83455637819383307612012-06-14T20:58:00.000-07:002012-09-07T10:39:17.197-07:00Garden Dialogues: Pamela Palmer, landscape architect<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Horizon Garden at night. Photo by Jack Coyier Photography.</td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">One of the byproducts of the research I've done into the life and career of Baldwin Hills Village landscape architect Fred Barlow, Jr. is the wonderful people I’ve met along the way. One of these wonderful people is landscape architect Pamela Palmer. I met Pamela through one of her oldest friends - that friend just happens to be the daughter of Fred Barlow, Jr. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Another of these great people is Charles Birnbaum. I’ve posted here before about the good work Charles Birnbaum and the staff at the Cultural Landscape Foundation (TCLF) are doing as advocates for the education and preservation of the country's historic landscapes. That advocacy includes the National Historic Landmark landscape of the Village Green. We are fortunate to have Charles Birnbaum as one of the historic landscape experts collaborating on the creation of our Cultural Landscape Report:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><a href="http://baldwinhillsvillageandthevillagegreen.blogspot.com/2011/05/vip-very-important-preservationists.html">http://baldwinhillsvillageandthevillagegreen.blogspot.com/2011/05/vip-very-important-preservationists.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The Cultural Landscape Foundation’s website (<a href="http://tclf.org/">http://tclf.org</a>) explains that one of their missions is to educate, providing people “the ability to see, understand and value landscape architecture and its practitioners, in the way many people have learned to do with buildings and their designers.” <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Pamela's ingenious design for the gate, which provides just a Cinemascope sliver of what lies beyond.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">As part of that education, TCLF hosts many events throughout the year, all over the country. Something new for 2012 is a series of "Garden Dialogues," one of which took place last weekend in Malibu.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">TCLF explains that the Garden Dialogue initiative “has received considerable praise from participants and the media, provides exclusive access to private gardens in the Hamptons, Chicago, Newport, Sonoma and elsewhere, and opportunities to hear directly from the landscape architects and their patrons about the design process.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">COR-TEN and Lucite fence, with espaliered citrus against wall.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">“How do patrons and designers work together? What makes for a great, enduring collaboration? Garden Dialogues provides unique opportunities for small groups to experience some of today’s most beautiful gardens created by some of the most accomplished designers currently in practice.”</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">As one of several TCLF Garden Dialogue events in Southern California, on Sunday, June 10<sup>th</sup> I had the fortunate experience of seeing landscape architect Pamela Palmer’s glorious garden for the home of screenwriter Frank Pierson, his wife Helene, and their two charismatic standard poodles in Malibu.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">I never wanted to leave!</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Pamela Palmer and her husband, architect Howard Rosen, have an environmental design firm in Venice, Artecho. (<a href="http://www.artecho.com/">http://www.artecho.com/</a>). <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pamela and Howard were joined by other members of their staff, Marisol Metcalfe and Catherine Burce, who were on hand to answer questions and share their experiences.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pamela, who studied Art at UCLA and has a Master’s in Landscape Architecture from the Harvard Graduate School of Design, has been featured in countless magazine articles, was in the documentary “Women in the Dirt,” (</span><a href="http://womeninthedirt.com/">http://womeninthedirt.com/</a>) <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">and several of her landscapes are showcased in the gorgeous book “Private Paradise: Contemporary American Gardens,” by Charlotte M. Frieze, with an introduction by Charles Birnbaum (</span><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Private-Paradise-Contemporary-American-Gardens/dp/1580933238">http://www.amazon.com/Private-Paradise-Contemporary-American-Gardens/dp/1580933238</a>).<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The view as you enter the garden. Wow!</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The garden on the tour, known as the “Horizon Garden,” is situated on a triangular lot high above the Pacific Coast Highway. The modest existing mid-century ranch house came with a spectacular view, a mature coral tree, and an otherwise shabby landscape. Homeowner Helene Pierson said that after working on getting the house in order, she and her husband began thinking of doing the same for the landscape. After several landscape designs around town caught her eye, she inquired, and they turned out to be the work of Pamela Palmer, and soon their collaboration began.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The horizon line, the inspiration for this garden.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The beloved coral tree was retained, and pruned to emphasize its sculptural quality. Under the dappled shelter of the tree Pamela created the functional focus of the garden, a semi-circular patio platform, paved in a blue-gray stone that blends into the horizontal blues and blue-grays of the sea and sky on the horizon. Provisions for varied seating and lounging, and a marvelous spun stainless steel fire pit, make this outdoor living space a generous extension of the indoor rooms. The sparkling broken pieces of tempered glass in the fire pit echo the sparkling blues of the glittering sea below.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Helene's Jewel Box.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Just below the sweeping arc of the patio is a border of succulents, many of them chosen and cared for by Helene. She considers the vibrant colors of this succulent bed her “jewel box.”</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The innovative infinity lawn creates an impromptu seating area.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Frank’s favorite spot in the garden is at the edge of another curved, sweeping horizontal panel - this time a panel of turf - creating an infinity lawn. A gravel path below, with a rusty COR-TEN steel retaining wall, gradually rises at the lawn’s edge, creating a seating area, from which one can contemplate the calming view just beyond. It would probably be my favorite spot too, to sit and watch the passing boats and helicopters below.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZxWwHTQTn5d3dIjfGJCYDImzjdZgtUp5zK5RjVo-yzGPxxKFQGzMzWP9e8PnLO_YItW_yZV-_ASh5Zy7_06_oS0f2E7UFmm2cK_MZ3FQvtDT8FqfoyMeyp2d5JUfM-21c9_-LGZIoH7pj/s1600/Pamela+Palmer+031.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZxWwHTQTn5d3dIjfGJCYDImzjdZgtUp5zK5RjVo-yzGPxxKFQGzMzWP9e8PnLO_YItW_yZV-_ASh5Zy7_06_oS0f2E7UFmm2cK_MZ3FQvtDT8FqfoyMeyp2d5JUfM-21c9_-LGZIoH7pj/s640/Pamela+Palmer+031.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The labyrinth, with a marvelous retaining wall, created with different shades and textures of concrete.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Wonderful vignettes of color and texture are hidden all over the garden. Off to one side and behind the house is another circular space, enclosed by shrubbery and edible plants. The semi-circular panel of turf is embedded with a spiraling labyrinth of pieces of concrete. </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiewLWHhwX1TpbXNujdhx10wVpZJw9AJPxTLghFkyrQMDm_oIQ6uzJCA9czoXPHnqukLTgqV672zcnXjjd4wYZMwNrhnSGanKWZRlKtrdc0bN_FVbmEhWhRVd5DEJo68rzY70mEPiCKqwUO/s1600/Pamela+Palmer+021.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img border="0" height="425" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiewLWHhwX1TpbXNujdhx10wVpZJw9AJPxTLghFkyrQMDm_oIQ6uzJCA9czoXPHnqukLTgqV672zcnXjjd4wYZMwNrhnSGanKWZRlKtrdc0bN_FVbmEhWhRVd5DEJo68rzY70mEPiCKqwUO/s640/Pamela+Palmer+021.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The landscape plan</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcFPXIeCwyWFoWHQekzbK2q9J-qHs-gXTJ7QbPMoWYN-uVXPVSXuK0MFPdtl3nwMikaUZoSXOpZoIf49MulgnkSCaT88s03Coriaw2OlXdGrz8y5nUH8b8RPk03tYanwersK5rboDA0vZE/s1600/Pamela+Palmer+039.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcFPXIeCwyWFoWHQekzbK2q9J-qHs-gXTJ7QbPMoWYN-uVXPVSXuK0MFPdtl3nwMikaUZoSXOpZoIf49MulgnkSCaT88s03Coriaw2OlXdGrz8y5nUH8b8RPk03tYanwersK5rboDA0vZE/s640/Pamela+Palmer+039.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">"Garden Dialogues"</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">We all had a wonderful afternoon exploring the garden and all of its wonderful detail. There were "before and after" photographs, which showed how ingenious Pamela’s plan was. She had also brought the landscape plans and copies of the plant palette, which I found fascinating. During the discussion, and later in talking with Frank and Helene, it became obvious that these were very creative, dynamic and involved clients. I wondered - from the perspective of the landscape architect - how the collaborative design process differed with clients such as this (vs. the process if the client isn’t as creative or involved). I asked Pamela this question, and she said that at Artecho they enjoy working with both types of clients, though the “opportunities are different with each relationship.” <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTxrlZSK4WEXXWYSi347hw7OV1czdBAXl5ZUwM0j71SIHHPBEyfAjKKS3K_2omHm9Q5jWNdBXZPpZ8Gd0QM0N9fm-pWHATKbviWh7EvX2tPWCFy5AFKHVyD95JK5eJNJuf0jxhtDigDnf9/s1600/Pamela+Palmer+022.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img border="0" height="483" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTxrlZSK4WEXXWYSi347hw7OV1czdBAXl5ZUwM0j71SIHHPBEyfAjKKS3K_2omHm9Q5jWNdBXZPpZ8Gd0QM0N9fm-pWHATKbviWh7EvX2tPWCFy5AFKHVyD95JK5eJNJuf0jxhtDigDnf9/s640/Pamela+Palmer+022.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Succulents provide color and texture.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Pamela finds that “it is especially wonderful when we have the opportunity to work with clients who have flexible minds and great imagination (like Frank and Helene). When clients trust their design sense and mine, we enjoy discussing ideas and the resulting design is a true collaboration. I find that dynamic extremely satisfying. I want the client to be involved so that their garden truly is a reflection of their taste and design sense and incorporates materials and plants they love and spaces they will use. I listen carefully and bring my expertise to the table and we work to incorporate the ideas that will work together to make a unique and useful landscape that will flow and feel like it extends beyond the property so that a truly satisfying experience is created. I am choreographing the landscape and I incorporate the moves that work for the space and program, and present the total design for comments.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwhjq6dZnT_F_ywm0QzMvYcC9CkeHjwhxJFUGrGrEkPallprbpxgQ1QYZETIVChU1LucwDXqgX2JgLc3biGh9jRmo7cm33VI-z5dTLOiTtU-QbKO-U_e_mzqhxVcrAoz_PnDotX8JQbEif/s1600/Pamela+Palmer+025.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwhjq6dZnT_F_ywm0QzMvYcC9CkeHjwhxJFUGrGrEkPallprbpxgQ1QYZETIVChU1LucwDXqgX2JgLc3biGh9jRmo7cm33VI-z5dTLOiTtU-QbKO-U_e_mzqhxVcrAoz_PnDotX8JQbEif/s640/Pamela+Palmer+025.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The mature coral tree, pruned into a living sculpture.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">“As I think you know, I have at times worked alone in my studio, creating sculpture, prints, photographs, etc. which at some point later are shown and sometimes sold and placed in a landscape or collection. I much prefer working directly with the user and the dynamic process of putting our brains and experience together and coming up with a landscape scenario that speaks directly to the client, with the architecture on the specific site and is regionally and resource appropriate. We are working within boundaries, but our work must help the eye to travel beyond the boundaries to give a feeling of spaciousness so the mind can transcend the boundaries-out to the sea, above the treetops to hills, trees on a neighboring property, the sky. We are working on a piece of the puzzle and our design must consider the surrounding landscape and built environment.” <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzRzpnZEiTEPUEqvS29rn9ZjGHoTa6129kuxrl2SNmNAFJbnoZCm5uBldixw0-RLHFsXVpePdUP39_75haeqascExTZWaA466ly3a4OoDXHVeghbMcb4_k40-hcT9RVclYPhFtbABIUwZz/s1600/Pamela+Palmer+052.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzRzpnZEiTEPUEqvS29rn9ZjGHoTa6129kuxrl2SNmNAFJbnoZCm5uBldixw0-RLHFsXVpePdUP39_75haeqascExTZWaA466ly3a4OoDXHVeghbMcb4_k40-hcT9RVclYPhFtbABIUwZz/s640/Pamela+Palmer+052.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The sweeping arc of the patio, protected by an old coral tree, which frames the views beyond.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">“I also prefer the constraints of working within an environment to solve problems (environmental, circulation, spatial, other programmatic needs) while creating a new way of seeing space, rather then creating an isolated work.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">“The first afternoon that Helene and Frank invited me to their home, they told of a recent trip to Japan where they had visited Naoshima, a place of great contemporary architecture and art, which also considers the history of the place. Their thirst for exquisite beauty was established by that trip and I felt that set the bar for us all to strive for such beauty with a shared language; informed by the elegance of the experience they had on this trip.” <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguFuOTm6kKpw2fHBAH3Zg03zDRxMSRVmfSIQki-IftyP46E_hSGZUG4_TE377WOPaOFDbT7C-KdguQaehpue6PNmqObPrXOAbNpavxFj9CCLAtn8AySA1UKh3J7wI2P3qn7zgrCoy7uo7M/s1600/Pamela+Palmer+071.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguFuOTm6kKpw2fHBAH3Zg03zDRxMSRVmfSIQki-IftyP46E_hSGZUG4_TE377WOPaOFDbT7C-KdguQaehpue6PNmqObPrXOAbNpavxFj9CCLAtn8AySA1UKh3J7wI2P3qn7zgrCoy7uo7M/s640/Pamela+Palmer+071.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The driveway with a glimpse of the Pacific beyond.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Bottom line is, I love the collaborative experience, and when others are into it, to collaborate with creative, can-do people - clients, architects, other landscape architects, engineers, contractors, artists, community stakeholders, maintenance people, etc. to create a landscape that is elevated because of the depth of experience brought to it results in a successful, long-lived project.”</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">It was a magical afternoon. The Cultural Landscape Foundation has more Garden Dialogues next month in other parts of the country - Connecticut, Indianapolis, Maine, Newport, Portland and Seattle. Check their website for more details.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">What could be better?</td></tr>
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Steven Keylonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11162895111618226987noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-478449696602390151.post-31818928236840895392012-03-01T12:01:00.001-08:002012-03-01T13:15:02.297-08:00Rico Lebrun and his mural at Baldwin Hills Village - Lecture March 11<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKSvw2bmeIWT9hg6xy2f30BGAdc5lM2Y7AUqhyphenhyphenh3bLPruNZ_sEvvbxUn0qPobrOTVg1AZlU9zMtsOj43K3GkNui-UXaNurzdJNFIgIuiLuZ1onbWUEq123C0btKzq4R6AYc9WuzJ04cGBW/s1600/LebrunSelf1950.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKSvw2bmeIWT9hg6xy2f30BGAdc5lM2Y7AUqhyphenhyphenh3bLPruNZ_sEvvbxUn0qPobrOTVg1AZlU9zMtsOj43K3GkNui-UXaNurzdJNFIgIuiLuZ1onbWUEq123C0btKzq4R6AYc9WuzJ04cGBW/s320/LebrunSelf1950.jpg" width="244" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Rico Lebrun, Self Portrait, 1950</b><br />
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<div style="font-size: medium; text-align: left;"></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">SUNDAY MARCH 11, 3pm </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">at the CLUBHOUSE </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">VILLAGE GREEN</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> 5300 RODEO ROAD, Los Angeles, 90016</span></span></div><br />
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</tbody></table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfV0HZcjZkjttgS4TCgojhyKKZqWp5BBpKpk7Gg2lSbmtNTEln5dQZTi-ybta-s5ojQZvvLsEIQGSRzM3LjA0DafLmQDvAZbeRtYa_KgXUhgPGbNJoCtv1kemCNy39P08IkYuKNVe2X9TF/s1600/Mural.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="display: inline !important; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="142" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfV0HZcjZkjttgS4TCgojhyKKZqWp5BBpKpk7Gg2lSbmtNTEln5dQZTi-ybta-s5ojQZvvLsEIQGSRzM3LjA0DafLmQDvAZbeRtYa_KgXUhgPGbNJoCtv1kemCNy39P08IkYuKNVe2X9TF/s400/Mural.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Rare Kodachrome image of the Rico Lebrun mural in the Administration Building,<br />
prior to it being hidden for decades .<br />
Courtesy David Lebrun and Night Fire Films.</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
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</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOPZhDbiKL4Gtth1DZZMfEkhVGlKy2is-SaL-pJAOaz_PNPZIY-PwnQLuGP8c6UX12KlSss2oI618q1iiMbVOvS9a6TINkGcLQR8Mv4qz9taKb8TcdEibA0P6vd-QKqPXxKkTV4t3JjTpo/s1600/Mural+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="310" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOPZhDbiKL4Gtth1DZZMfEkhVGlKy2is-SaL-pJAOaz_PNPZIY-PwnQLuGP8c6UX12KlSss2oI618q1iiMbVOvS9a6TINkGcLQR8Mv4qz9taKb8TcdEibA0P6vd-QKqPXxKkTV4t3JjTpo/s400/Mural+3.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>The Rico Lebrun mural shown in the context <br />
of the room for which it was painted, 1944<br />
Photograph by Margaret Lowe, from <i>Pencil Points</i>, 1944</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Please join us on Sunday, March 11th at 3pm in the Village Green Clubhouse, for a talk by Gailyn Saroyan about artist Rico Lebrun, and the mural he created for Baldwin Hills Village. This free talk is open to Village Green residents, as well as anyone else from the community who may be interested.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In 1941, Reginald Johnson, the architect responsible for two of the small number of National Historic Landmarks in the Los Angeles area, commissioned artist Rico Lebrun, an important 20th century painter, to paint a mural for the reception room of the newly constructed Administration Building at Baldwin Hills Village.</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> Not only did Lebrun paint this mural, but he later married Reginald Johnson's daughter Constance, and they lived for a time at the Village.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6Q1YbXFPhSoH96iPC7Wb4OclCbieAu8x64Whti2jARX4Qs8YvXXyXi4VeyEhEkgKkSGHGNtSWZzZh7ZLaFo9FQIfkeHwSZx9zn8AlpJtspLbI9bbbtOyRKmKifAfpGhxU7GG5icARjM7P/s1600/Mural1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6Q1YbXFPhSoH96iPC7Wb4OclCbieAu8x64Whti2jARX4Qs8YvXXyXi4VeyEhEkgKkSGHGNtSWZzZh7ZLaFo9FQIfkeHwSZx9zn8AlpJtspLbI9bbbtOyRKmKifAfpGhxU7GG5icARjM7P/s400/Mural1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>The image you see today of the mural is just a photograph printed<br />
on canvas. The actual mural is still there, underneath layers of plaster<br />
and paint. Through a grant from the Getty, it has been<br />
determined that it would be possible to restore the mural to<br />
its original glory.</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">This work of art would be a kind of crowning touch on a residential project designed to be a showcase of Garden City Movement principles.</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">It was this elegant achievement in urban planning which would become one of Los Angeles’s National Historic Landmarks 60 years later.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkkshCyBq-byTXstJTzV8OIg0tPQfeXValE19RU4bM8V764EIp5SMUD_qYT18NM8ICZZBdrhpLMkRKy5KFrRw5XvduVXDsCoZBOhrRHQBVX_c1q6902pTZ3DBrUnfRqagONTfU5e09wHVA/s1600/Mural+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkkshCyBq-byTXstJTzV8OIg0tPQfeXValE19RU4bM8V764EIp5SMUD_qYT18NM8ICZZBdrhpLMkRKy5KFrRw5XvduVXDsCoZBOhrRHQBVX_c1q6902pTZ3DBrUnfRqagONTfU5e09wHVA/s400/Mural+2.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>A detail of a section uncovered by art conservators.<br />
You can see that the mural does have subtle colors.</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Located in the first of the two community buildings, this mural was to carry the inspirational message behind the project.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLh70DYR1oE9XT-B5gPmryRFn3oB038ca-NM5bmCdqziYCT_BH3yNDtYGJWavte973uJ3LmLy_OwZwE2wU0t4JAkhf8qpPn-isoDKUrW9mRMNGaLSVwCg5WqhXHENKUPbpb7P5jUo5cwup/s1600/lebrun+disney.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="278" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLh70DYR1oE9XT-B5gPmryRFn3oB038ca-NM5bmCdqziYCT_BH3yNDtYGJWavte973uJ3LmLy_OwZwE2wU0t4JAkhf8qpPn-isoDKUrW9mRMNGaLSVwCg5WqhXHENKUPbpb7P5jUo5cwup/s320/lebrun+disney.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Did you know Rico Lebrun<br />
taught animal anatomy to the<br />
animators at the Walt Disney<br />
Studios, as they prepared<br />
"Bambi"?</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">A talk by Gailyn Saroyan will consider the mural’s subject matter, technique and immediate setting, and also explore the economic and historic currents unfolding in Los Angeles at the time it was created. A brief survey of the artist’s life and career will be highlighted by some of the artist’s own eloquent statements. </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXWfzfd8ItfGhxijxXoAZeUxXz6CkSkQ3QGNYIEcx8ilfKAtQq5IeRJYrCaUbH_MDMpwksBC4Gj_dQT7GNy_Pw5UoniZUughbAW2KTm8dRk0fuQhslgiiaJJcjx01kl-5lhUzQXol4rGcA/s1600/Rico.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXWfzfd8ItfGhxijxXoAZeUxXz6CkSkQ3QGNYIEcx8ilfKAtQq5IeRJYrCaUbH_MDMpwksBC4Gj_dQT7GNy_Pw5UoniZUughbAW2KTm8dRk0fuQhslgiiaJJcjx01kl-5lhUzQXol4rGcA/s320/Rico.jpg" width="248" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Photograph of the artist<br />
Rico Lebrun, circa 1950</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
</div>Steven Keylonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11162895111618226987noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-478449696602390151.post-52364238942377262002012-01-06T09:37:00.000-08:002012-01-06T09:39:18.225-08:00New Beginnings<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilG7Rsa8XjBrYzPe3IzdFXGPPXPwDC76wTwd4kXNUNU4sTgY3ycfaQVE4AEPfOGi6YcxDZH42-X-wpa5L7XriRaBhwoGbxdDSHvAXqifgJQiI9zB4PSFD090uQMj2ugjR4yWZ4KrYB3s86/s1600/spring.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilG7Rsa8XjBrYzPe3IzdFXGPPXPwDC76wTwd4kXNUNU4sTgY3ycfaQVE4AEPfOGi6YcxDZH42-X-wpa5L7XriRaBhwoGbxdDSHvAXqifgJQiI9zB4PSFD090uQMj2ugjR4yWZ4KrYB3s86/s640/spring.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Now that most of you have gotten the Annual Election materials from Ross Morgan, you have seen that there are four open seats for the upcoming election. Three of the incumbents are running again – Joe Khoury, Dan Frank, and Ben Ginsburg. I have decided not to run again this year, so I’ll be retiring. I have truly enjoyed serving on the Board of Directors for the last six years, it has been an honor and a learning experience. I originally ran with several goals in mind, and I am happy to be able to say that I was able to meet nearly all of them. I truly believe that through collaboration and compromise, in addition to a lot of hard work, we’ve turned this ship around. I hope you agree with me that the Village Green is a better place now – I believe that we are on the right track to move forward.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">It has been a pleasure serving with this current Board, and I wholeheartedly endorse all three of the incumbents. We may not have seen eye to eye on every issue, but I know that they all have the best interests of the Village Green in mind. I encourage you to vote for Joe Khoury, Dan Frank, and Ben Ginsburg.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Of the other two candidates running, I believe that Gabriela Worrel would be a wonderful addition to the Board. I don't know her well, but from what I've seen, she has a good, positive energy, and from her successful work on the Community Garden here, I know that she has good ideas, initiative, organization, and the drive to see them through. She has my full endorsement, and my vote to fill my seat on the Board.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Whatever you believe, and whoever you personally endorse, please remember to exercise your right, and VOTE!</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div></div>Steven Keylonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11162895111618226987noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-478449696602390151.post-52126749830730533762011-12-14T14:07:00.000-08:002011-12-14T14:07:32.313-08:00Please submit comments on the Wyvernwood Draft EIR - Deadline December 19th, 2011<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">Here is a copy of the letter the Village Green Board of Directors has sent to the city of Los Angeles, with our comments regarding the Draft EIR for the Wyvernwood project.<br />
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Please take a few moments to draft your own letter, describing what you enjoy most about living in our community. The thousands of residents of Wyvernwood, who love their quality of life in such a similar community, live with the threat that their way of life will soon be destroyed.<br />
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For more information about how you can help, please see the excellent information on the Los Angeles Conservancy's website:<br />
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<a href="http://lac.laconservancy.org/site/PageServer?pagename=wyvernwood_main">http://lac.laconservancy.org/site/PageServer?pagename=wyvernwood_main</a><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT","sans-serif";">Village Green</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT","sans-serif";">National Historic Landmark</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT","sans-serif";">5300 Rodeo Road, Los Angeles, CA 90016</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT","sans-serif";">323-294-5211</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT","sans-serif";"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT","sans-serif";">December 11, 2011<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT","sans-serif";">Sergio Ibarra<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT","sans-serif";">City of Los Angeles, Major Projects<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT","sans-serif";">200 N. Spring Street, City Hall, Room 750<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT","sans-serif";">Los Angeles, CA 90012<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT","sans-serif";">RE: File Number ENV-2008-2141-EIR<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT","sans-serif";">Dear Mr. Ibarra:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT","sans-serif";">We, the Board of Directors of Village Green, a National Historic Landmark community in Los Angeles, are writing to urge the City of Los Angeles to preserve the thriving and historic Wyvernwood community. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT","sans-serif";">Both Wyvernwood and the Village Green were designed as new paradigms for middle-class housing in Los Angeles. Both were carefully and intelligently planned to successfully foster community, provide ample access to fresh air, light, and recreational facilities, using urban planner Clarence Stein’s Garden City principles. Their innovative designs work as well today as they did when they opened in 1939 and 1941. These Garden Apartment communities can’t be duplicated today, and should be preserved. While the Village Green is a National Historic Landmark, listed on the National Registry of Historic Places, and is a City of Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument, Wyvernwood doesn’t have the benefit of such designations, but is largely intact and equally eligible.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT","sans-serif";">The Draft EIR’s narrow definition of project objectives favors new construction over preservation, while claiming that the new community will come to include “dozens of LEED-approved design features, embracing conservation and environmental responsibility.” However, the National Trust for Historic Preservation and the Association for Preservation Technology International have established that the most environmentally responsible building is one that is already standing. Furthermore, Wyvernwood’s thoughtfully designed structures allow for cross-ventilation cooling, which is only further encouraged by the mature tree canopy that now shades the oasis of green space.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT","sans-serif";">We believe that Wyvernwood’s existing buildings can be rehabilitated and sensitively upgraded to address the project’s sustainability goals and objectives. The Village Green, which received Mills Act status last December, has entered into a contract with the City of Los Angeles to restore and rehabilitate our 629-unit facility. We have created a 10-year plan to replace the majority of our aging and increasingly failing infrastructure, all while our owners and residents remain in their homes. We believe the same can and should be done at Wyvernwood. Wyvernwood has suffered neglect at the hands of its current owners, but we have shown that this sort of deferred maintenance can be successfully reversed.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT","sans-serif";">Influential architecture critic Lewis Mumford wrote that Garden City communities like Wyvernwood “dared to put beauty as one of the imperative needs of a planned environment: the beauty of ordered buildings, measured to the human scale, of trees and flowering plants, and of open greens surrounded by buildings of low density, so that children may scamper over them, to add to both their use and their aesthetic loveliness,” all of which would be destroyed if the plan to replace this historic cultural resource is approved.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT","sans-serif";">Please evaluate a greater range of viable preservation alternatives that can still retain Wyvernwood’s eligibility as one of Los Angeles’ most important historic districts. Because only one preservation alternative was considered in the Draft EIR (Alternative C), this undermines the purpose of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). In addition to the destruction of an entire community of people proud and passionate to live at Wyvernwood, the project as described would have a negative environmental impact which would take decades to pay off in terms of energy, carbon, water, materials, toxicity, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT","sans-serif";">Sincerely, <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT","sans-serif";">Village Green Homeowner’s Association<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT","sans-serif";">Board of Directors<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT","sans-serif";">Steven Keylon<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT","sans-serif";">Joe Khoury<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT","sans-serif";">Steve Haggerty<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT","sans-serif";">Robert Nicolais<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT","sans-serif";">Dan Frank<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT","sans-serif";">Dee Dee Chapelle<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT","sans-serif";">John Keho<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT","sans-serif";">Robert Creighton<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></div>Steven Keylonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11162895111618226987noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-478449696602390151.post-2922888873005832642011-11-08T10:03:00.000-08:002011-11-08T10:16:10.008-08:00Village Green Floorplans<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">Here are Floor Plan illustrations created for the Condo Conversion sales packet. The conversion to condominiums happened in stages between 1973 and 1978. While this is a good representation of Village Green floor plans, there are variations to these, and of course each one of these has a mirror image.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl_t29nUTl0EL6fNWM40CwhuvL2uwxVd9zBkMszMvoQsm_nuV09vI9i7wARYq3UtrIufuYgzgP1Kmd41NfIRgx6zID4ACVs2D6np8JlZQwjIN-6Xui_35XLcHFRMWRHit3koxL389ogDPK/s1600/Three+Bedrm.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="295" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl_t29nUTl0EL6fNWM40CwhuvL2uwxVd9zBkMszMvoQsm_nuV09vI9i7wARYq3UtrIufuYgzgP1Kmd41NfIRgx6zID4ACVs2D6np8JlZQwjIN-6Xui_35XLcHFRMWRHit3koxL389ogDPK/s320/Three+Bedrm.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Three Bedroom Townhouse</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5JmgEzWaWbhm-SD00VLL378OO-E6GIH6ZLlb2KlIIpE8tJLG3pZmf9UjVu2smuExkFoJrK1bI55Lpes9af7fUSxLUwMAIxEbUBwzWD-xp-66gIo0ByhJ9tMNTYohuqWEdKpN-fMS6A60Y/s1600/2+Bdrm+Townhouse+C.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5JmgEzWaWbhm-SD00VLL378OO-E6GIH6ZLlb2KlIIpE8tJLG3pZmf9UjVu2smuExkFoJrK1bI55Lpes9af7fUSxLUwMAIxEbUBwzWD-xp-66gIo0ByhJ9tMNTYohuqWEdKpN-fMS6A60Y/s320/2+Bdrm+Townhouse+C.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Two Bedroom Townhouse - Fireplace, Laundry Room/Service Porch, and Balcony</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYz6a8Il5XvxpRWKZg-GlAKSxW8AG2IPnt2vrnHNYgyMxI9i75ndziskQKq56wp8ph7LFfWa1mk7kuuwQtLH9D58jcu5NGWINFxGhy8_WEYPzxI5LDfECSAqkZUHEO8GYbcHyV707XAjY1/s1600/Two+Bdrm+Townhouse+B.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYz6a8Il5XvxpRWKZg-GlAKSxW8AG2IPnt2vrnHNYgyMxI9i75ndziskQKq56wp8ph7LFfWa1mk7kuuwQtLH9D58jcu5NGWINFxGhy8_WEYPzxI5LDfECSAqkZUHEO8GYbcHyV707XAjY1/s320/Two+Bdrm+Townhouse+B.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Two Bedroom Townhouse - Fireplace and Half Bath downstairs</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgAkZ9WAKpeKRmYedD5DyXWURCY99tNVaUDk6Z_BTryvKwEvjbMgomF8o6vgKHMxqJDCwrYU05UTegSdAniZj6QJaN55Ae1-42Mf9tWMDSArKW7i1y7IwCkol0oF4wHwpHIRb_oZouQ7nX/s1600/2+Bdrm+Townhouse+A.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="297" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgAkZ9WAKpeKRmYedD5DyXWURCY99tNVaUDk6Z_BTryvKwEvjbMgomF8o6vgKHMxqJDCwrYU05UTegSdAniZj6QJaN55Ae1-42Mf9tWMDSArKW7i1y7IwCkol0oF4wHwpHIRb_oZouQ7nX/s320/2+Bdrm+Townhouse+A.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Basic Two Bedroom Townhouse</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_WimIgYogGBl-5yXnBWwOJIaTv67rS7kvpVY11z61V65toBaolXhBedb5_chHmS6Ld87o0DfAl3gMdmjn3oFmeQPU1Gz_rmTnjoOLtkkg4zOS7Htz1EL94Zn9Wr2ygwylA7wKkViHQCQK/s1600/Upstairs+2+Bdrm+A.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_WimIgYogGBl-5yXnBWwOJIaTv67rS7kvpVY11z61V65toBaolXhBedb5_chHmS6Ld87o0DfAl3gMdmjn3oFmeQPU1Gz_rmTnjoOLtkkg4zOS7Htz1EL94Zn9Wr2ygwylA7wKkViHQCQK/s320/Upstairs+2+Bdrm+A.jpg" width="274" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Two Bedroom Flat - Upper</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinPMbYbzz4jzrU4KUBYkCfroO6wVa449o9LZOPfuyBKJX1gz7OI9ZFrS4kFQHBFwkzXYunRlqZLWsf1-nil98i4Ah4LzunTHqScBg2lsfz-I4Gqt9yeggEVgNwr9ceNnLdgw9-9IG6MZuI/s1600/Downstairs+2+Bdrm+A.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinPMbYbzz4jzrU4KUBYkCfroO6wVa449o9LZOPfuyBKJX1gz7OI9ZFrS4kFQHBFwkzXYunRlqZLWsf1-nil98i4Ah4LzunTHqScBg2lsfz-I4Gqt9yeggEVgNwr9ceNnLdgw9-9IG6MZuI/s320/Downstairs+2+Bdrm+A.jpg" width="268" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Two Bedroom Flat - Lower</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0EEY3cq0_o8cGxz8rTVXlhFZNLquTva1KCBXCHCXqtURUhJMT7geH3Wpp4jkD3bS92TcX27dZDDNSnU3Rg-JQnQa5dPD2QOcXWSoM55-W_zUVU3JHEM_GEviwca6gdGLvb2yp9kAY_WG7/s1600/Downstairs+1+Bdrm+D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0EEY3cq0_o8cGxz8rTVXlhFZNLquTva1KCBXCHCXqtURUhJMT7geH3Wpp4jkD3bS92TcX27dZDDNSnU3Rg-JQnQa5dPD2QOcXWSoM55-W_zUVU3JHEM_GEviwca6gdGLvb2yp9kAY_WG7/s320/Downstairs+1+Bdrm+D.jpg" width="274" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>One Bedroom Flat D - Lower</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizD5QIFPrZYQ6G8vzomZc4CzchytDWW2fSfhgmvi8H2AEWmOHoTyAF4TtVZHsAxQPdktj10Y5cPjr-J0HcrYDlWSOpeU9h6bTmgADhSqPOQOG9ITEq3N00vylRlxUhcUz2KqmvIx_T0tuc/s1600/Upstairs+1+Bdrm+D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizD5QIFPrZYQ6G8vzomZc4CzchytDWW2fSfhgmvi8H2AEWmOHoTyAF4TtVZHsAxQPdktj10Y5cPjr-J0HcrYDlWSOpeU9h6bTmgADhSqPOQOG9ITEq3N00vylRlxUhcUz2KqmvIx_T0tuc/s320/Upstairs+1+Bdrm+D.jpg" width="264" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>One Bedroom Flat D - Upper</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5Cp-o1b__ov3CdAV9r-dn_CWrtOyLyKJo3MZR_i4EXcUK8KLUQ9beJQDj_YR2nyflP2kew7pk3d6Be6u4vypC0xoG9CSvn6zRCZJWAL4ShXrOZrBGb3MqTovBtLQYXVJuQ5sUaZd4Od62/s1600/Downstairs+1+Bdrm+C.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5Cp-o1b__ov3CdAV9r-dn_CWrtOyLyKJo3MZR_i4EXcUK8KLUQ9beJQDj_YR2nyflP2kew7pk3d6Be6u4vypC0xoG9CSvn6zRCZJWAL4ShXrOZrBGb3MqTovBtLQYXVJuQ5sUaZd4Od62/s320/Downstairs+1+Bdrm+C.jpg" width="276" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>One Bedroom Flat C - Lower</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhu9QPlTV0Vsi348Ri3O3GWdp75TCvWHqWvz7AEUZi-xOfoCp-y3WvZmCwfJJnby9qCLrT_FA2e0otVnMRBiYkD15N9T9JTW43uPpVQJf8UaKm672E_PV5bDo2mfrIU-CRJFRFpZedkRE02/s1600/Upstairs+1+Bdrm+C.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhu9QPlTV0Vsi348Ri3O3GWdp75TCvWHqWvz7AEUZi-xOfoCp-y3WvZmCwfJJnby9qCLrT_FA2e0otVnMRBiYkD15N9T9JTW43uPpVQJf8UaKm672E_PV5bDo2mfrIU-CRJFRFpZedkRE02/s320/Upstairs+1+Bdrm+C.jpg" width="257" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>One Bedroom Flat C - Upper</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIsM_NyH4eiMkJ7IJPCTT5JM7a7vHT_E3oJkGqTUuBLCkqYMUwaFhheD0D-HPN2lrsxzg2iWs2-pMtGsd2I17wMByTaaf5iw5P9bnF7kO6pdjaZL13a2bBLBrCzC8bmfYz8lsOrY1-bZqM/s1600/Downstairs+1+Bdrm+B.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIsM_NyH4eiMkJ7IJPCTT5JM7a7vHT_E3oJkGqTUuBLCkqYMUwaFhheD0D-HPN2lrsxzg2iWs2-pMtGsd2I17wMByTaaf5iw5P9bnF7kO6pdjaZL13a2bBLBrCzC8bmfYz8lsOrY1-bZqM/s320/Downstairs+1+Bdrm+B.jpg" width="268" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>One Bedroom Flat B - Lower</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhu9QPlTV0Vsi348Ri3O3GWdp75TCvWHqWvz7AEUZi-xOfoCp-y3WvZmCwfJJnby9qCLrT_FA2e0otVnMRBiYkD15N9T9JTW43uPpVQJf8UaKm672E_PV5bDo2mfrIU-CRJFRFpZedkRE02/s1600/Upstairs+1+Bdrm+C.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhu9QPlTV0Vsi348Ri3O3GWdp75TCvWHqWvz7AEUZi-xOfoCp-y3WvZmCwfJJnby9qCLrT_FA2e0otVnMRBiYkD15N9T9JTW43uPpVQJf8UaKm672E_PV5bDo2mfrIU-CRJFRFpZedkRE02/s320/Upstairs+1+Bdrm+C.jpg" width="257" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>One Bedroom Flat B - Upper</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbBjW9hYenji9YYo1NPQLeV9XUPJrCaqPBVbc6nuBqCyXB_uYGBjKcjCxfo2vz5ARamEQnrDJLhPAt6q8HyD5lMYeKKpz1Q0e99cuAUBQjVx4HlY9Qn8Z7Qm4aNHvsGQ67QE3VfF1luYb1/s1600/Downstairs+1+Bdrm+A.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbBjW9hYenji9YYo1NPQLeV9XUPJrCaqPBVbc6nuBqCyXB_uYGBjKcjCxfo2vz5ARamEQnrDJLhPAt6q8HyD5lMYeKKpz1Q0e99cuAUBQjVx4HlY9Qn8Z7Qm4aNHvsGQ67QE3VfF1luYb1/s320/Downstairs+1+Bdrm+A.jpg" width="275" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>One Bedroom Flat A - Lower</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkv6vQsqnknyP4uk1-D6WuJN-X8GIUUM1f0NG6hC3BRC8Ydeu5Mlcs_p_lUa0RDsQsO71hILeVmrm5Dps6dnsReyrIT3pTeFT7utoWG1pcKSibf5M6_7FTPrRHqMX4_tQB3WxmE1vkpoVA/s1600/Upstairs+1+Bedrm+A.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkv6vQsqnknyP4uk1-D6WuJN-X8GIUUM1f0NG6hC3BRC8Ydeu5Mlcs_p_lUa0RDsQsO71hILeVmrm5Dps6dnsReyrIT3pTeFT7utoWG1pcKSibf5M6_7FTPrRHqMX4_tQB3WxmE1vkpoVA/s320/Upstairs+1+Bedrm+A.jpg" width="281" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>One Bedroom Flat A - Upper</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDKJ0sunMaTI_46A8U7vi-8buH53fepSLHxzAUukzSiXgnm7-gofEe6k9bBkV5Tc7JykMzNO6J2tAj7_W2yTp4jJLuNOS7V3mXsiRxT_IoQPd6qBT6ge8HCWM3Cut4fX0cEsHkAaIm_pbY/s1600/End+Bungalow.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDKJ0sunMaTI_46A8U7vi-8buH53fepSLHxzAUukzSiXgnm7-gofEe6k9bBkV5Tc7JykMzNO6J2tAj7_W2yTp4jJLuNOS7V3mXsiRxT_IoQPd6qBT6ge8HCWM3Cut4fX0cEsHkAaIm_pbY/s320/End+Bungalow.jpg" width="237" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>One Bedroom Bungalow - End unit with Fireplace</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHEkjaygmRKq1ujgT7bxfW-UoYFKtmrQKA6z1dXDgu7Uk8uRziVK6Cn11Oq6_NkqV-q5mECu0M3JGZonUBK6-hUN4DB9vswYxtNMphZw94rG9edbkGvIatvQyyWK6N0L94qiNmhL2gStuC/s1600/Center+Bungalow.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHEkjaygmRKq1ujgT7bxfW-UoYFKtmrQKA6z1dXDgu7Uk8uRziVK6Cn11Oq6_NkqV-q5mECu0M3JGZonUBK6-hUN4DB9vswYxtNMphZw94rG9edbkGvIatvQyyWK6N0L94qiNmhL2gStuC/s320/Center+Bungalow.jpg" width="201" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>One Bedroom Bungalow - Center Unit</b></td></tr>
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</div>Steven Keylonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11162895111618226987noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-478449696602390151.post-54469201946574058892011-09-28T12:30:00.000-07:002011-10-06T09:24:20.916-07:00The Complete Wyvernwood Series<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNEGvAo4D5mGvnN_IVu3JmsoizUJipFMlWrXRoavuOrIoxSpANzGAqDJSp48xqAx5uOiNb-sJShrg21okWSCJufsTFtsELDkr0ETq28mG1zCFEPTfgHsUx-3Ix1KTicC4c8lfy1eddjTT1/s1600/wyvernwood.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="444" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNEGvAo4D5mGvnN_IVu3JmsoizUJipFMlWrXRoavuOrIoxSpANzGAqDJSp48xqAx5uOiNb-sJShrg21okWSCJufsTFtsELDkr0ETq28mG1zCFEPTfgHsUx-3Ix1KTicC4c8lfy1eddjTT1/s640/wyvernwood.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />
Wyvernwood in the Boyle Heights section of Los Angeles, was the first large-scale, privately funded multiple housing development on the West Coast when it opened in 1939. Designed by architects David J. Witmer and Loyall F. Watson, in collaboration with landscape architect Hammond Sadler, this fine and thriving sister city to Baldwin Hills Village is now threatened with demolition.<br />
<br />
To facilitate reading the recent series of blog posts about Wyvernwood, here are links to each one in order:<br />
<br />
<a href="http://baldwinhillsvillageandthevillagegreen.blogspot.com/2011/06/garden-cities-at-risk.html">INTRODUCTION: Garden Cities at Risk</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://baldwinhillsvillageandthevillagegreen.blogspot.com/2011/06/garden-cities-at-risk-clarence-stein.html">CHAPTER ONE: Clarence Stein 101</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://baldwinhillsvillageandthevillagegreen.blogspot.com/2011/06/garden-cities-at-risk-chapter-two.html">CHAPTER TWO: The Wyvernwood Architects - Witmer & Watson</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://baldwinhillsvillageandthevillagegreen.blogspot.com/2011/06/garden-cities-at-risk-chapter-three.html">CHAPTER THREE: Hammond Sadler, Wyvernwood Landscape Architect</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://baldwinhillsvillageandthevillagegreen.blogspot.com/2011/07/garden-cities-at-risk-chapter-four.html">CHAPTER FOUR: Wyvernwood and the "Hostetter Tract"</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://baldwinhillsvillageandthevillagegreen.blogspot.com/2011/07/garden-cities-at-risk-chapter-five.html">CHAPTER FIVE: Creation of a Garden City</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://baldwinhillsvillageandthevillagegreen.blogspot.com/2011/07/garden-cities-at-risk-chapter-six.html">CHAPTER SIX: "Community of Rental Homes in Park Opens Today"</a><br />
<br />
See also the article I wrote for the Cultural Landscape Foundation's website, about the possible demolition of Wyvernwood, and how you can voice your opposition:<br />
<br />
<a href="http://tclf.org/landslides/wyvernwood-losangeles-garden-city-complex-threatened">http://tclf.org/landslides/wyvernwood-losangeles-garden-city-complex-threatened</a><br />
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</div>Steven Keylonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11162895111618226987noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-478449696602390151.post-2094792107846079962011-08-03T15:03:00.003-07:002012-04-19T12:49:15.816-07:00The Use of Color at Baldwin Hills Village, From 1941 to the Present Day<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeTuystmbmKY93kKjLyfKTEVmlrKH1Ybhke52hlt5SG_Wkyljbp_Raes2I8MNU6qgjFg-HXgK4ZDYnzheSNE78S7_Xmu5WGDaseASQsF54zFy5q1GYYrvlglrU9H8a6TGC2T4labwJvshl/s1600/clubhouse+collage.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeTuystmbmKY93kKjLyfKTEVmlrKH1Ybhke52hlt5SG_Wkyljbp_Raes2I8MNU6qgjFg-HXgK4ZDYnzheSNE78S7_Xmu5WGDaseASQsF54zFy5q1GYYrvlglrU9H8a6TGC2T4labwJvshl/s1600/clubhouse+collage.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>The Administration Building through the years. <br />
Top left, 1944, pastel green; Top right, 1963, Tobacco Leaf Brown; <br />
Bottom left, 1979, beige; Bottom right, 2007, once again pastel green</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i>I wrote this document in 2006 for the Design Review Committee, when we were working to determine the original paint palette at Baldwin Hills Village<b>. </b>Fortunately, the Village Green has a large quantity of archival material from which to draw (blueprints, landscape plans, photographs, books, etc), more than many National Historic Landmarks. In addition to the 1940s and 1950s Kodachrome film by Reginald <personname w:st="on">J</personname>ohnson, in 2005 the Village Green archives had obtained many Kodachrome slides taken immediately following the Baldwin Hills Flood of 1963. This find was illuminating, and further research in various archives has uncovered more color photographs taken from the 1950’s through the late 1970’s. These new finds were all very useful in determining what the original design intent was, and which paint treatment would be most appropriate going forward. Since 2007, subseq</i></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i>uent analysis on paint layers as buildings have been painted has turned up additional details.</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i><br />
</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i>Most photos here are screen captures from lead architect Reginald D. Johnson's 16mm Kodachrome film, from 1942 through 1950, unless otherwise specified. Thanks to David Lebrun and Night Fire Films for permission to use these images.</i></span></div><h4 style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i><br />
</i></span></span></h4><h4 style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i><br />
</i></span></span></h4><h4 style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i>Special thanks to Christopher Long, Professor Chair, History/Theory and Ph.D Committee,</i></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i><span style="color: black;"> School of Architecture, University of Texas at Austin; and to </span>Aram and Gailyn Saroyan for their review, insight and input.</i></span><i style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></i></span></span></h4><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeDwVHiRb57af8u41LVPUneg-hEYkWBu8gAEs-9c_vJoQhjCIw7M62iZL7AOE2v8A_ZR4NJ_Yvl93vAeeH6UZ1P5pSFx7x8SCptLdP1xR_ySNy5pKLIlZBHlyVsuGMM_eHFCuSXldN_saU/s1600/header.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="476px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeDwVHiRb57af8u41LVPUneg-hEYkWBu8gAEs-9c_vJoQhjCIw7M62iZL7AOE2v8A_ZR4NJ_Yvl93vAeeH6UZ1P5pSFx7x8SCptLdP1xR_ySNy5pKLIlZBHlyVsuGMM_eHFCuSXldN_saU/s640/header.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>The cheerful pastel hues of the 1941-46 paint palette at Baldwin Hills Village</i></b></td></tr>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">INTRODUCTION</b>:<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">From 1935 through 1941, the design team responsible for the creation of Baldwin Hills Village spent several years developing and revising the plans for the Village. Every element was given meticulous and careful consideration.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In addition to all of the attention to planning the layout, architecture, landscape, circulation, and other aspects of the Village, this collaborative team also gave studied thought to the design of the colors used at Baldwin Hills Village. Their attention was not confined simply to the colors of the buildings, but more importantly, how those colors related to each other, and to the landscape. The idea was to create a harmonious ensemble overall, while giving each individual area of the Village its own distinctive character. The colors of the roofs also varied, adding to the overall effect. The architects used color inventively on the interiors of the apartments as well. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The design team created two distinct paint palettes and methods of applying the paint to the buildings. Even after the Village was sold to the New England Mutual Life Insurance Company of <city w:st="on">Boston</city> in 1949, the basic design intent and color palette the architects had chosen was retained and employed through the time, from 1973 through 1978, when <place w:st="on"><placename w:st="on">Baldwin</placename> <placetype w:st="on">Hills</placetype> <placetype w:st="on">Village</placetype></place> was converted into condominiums and renamed Village Green. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">This document will examine how the use of color at <place w:st="on"><placename w:st="on">Baldwin</placename> <placetype w:st="on">Hills</placetype> <placetype w:st="on">Village</placetype></place> has evolved over time, and what the design intent and philosophy was behind each period. Each period discussed here includes descriptions of building colors and garage courts, while the earlier phases include roof colors and interior colors.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The periods that will be discussed are:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><ol style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">1941 – 1946 – <place w:st="on"><placename w:st="on">Baldwin</placename> <placetype w:st="on">Hills</placetype> <placetype w:st="on">Village</placetype></place> Opens; the War Years </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">1946 – 1978 - Post War Years Through the Condo Conversion</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">1978 – 2003 – Post Condo Conversion</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">2003 – present – Return to an Historic Paint Palette</span></li>
</ol><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 24px;">1941 – 1946 – Baldwin Hills Village Opens; The War Years</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
<b>HISTORICAL CONTEXT</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Though the economy was still faltering and the threat of war was imminent, the middle 1930s through the beginning of World War II marked a period of optimism and hope in the United States, as exemplified by the great World’s Fairs, held in Chicago in 1933-1934, in Texas in 1936, and in both New York and San Francisco in 1939-1940.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">These Expositions introduced new technologies (nylon stockings, television, and plastics) and celebrated utopian planning (freeways, bridges, idealized civic planning and development). These concepts were presented in well-planned and landscaped Edens, designed by the most noted artists and architects of the day, and the innovative ideas that were introduced did indeed influence and impact design at the time, perhaps even at Baldwin Hills Village.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">It was during this time of economic adversity, social reform, technological innovation, and idealized urban planning that Baldwin Hills Village was conceived, designed and built, from 1935-1942. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxTICUypl2kLZahvmq5Pp5ZyXNh7E0JfBzuK1SelKz_rX1vC0GKejmLgYaBSos54YbZoJAr7QpNqEtJ3ZIxKM3wOJ0lA5K40nqpNa0DOK7i7C75h_dPNilkZMWE2XenWVoHXFkFhoEl1G-/s1600/expo1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="428px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxTICUypl2kLZahvmq5Pp5ZyXNh7E0JfBzuK1SelKz_rX1vC0GKejmLgYaBSos54YbZoJAr7QpNqEtJ3ZIxKM3wOJ0lA5K40nqpNa0DOK7i7C75h_dPNilkZMWE2XenWVoHXFkFhoEl1G-/s640/expo1.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Vibrant pastel hues at the 1939-40 Golden Gate International Exposition on Treasure Island in San Francisco. <br />
Charles W. Cushman Photograph Collection</i></b></td></tr>
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<br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">1939-40 GOLDEN GATE INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION AND “CHROMOTHERAPY”</span></b></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">At the Golden Gate International Exposition in San Francisco in 1939 and 1940 (as at Baldwin Hills Village the following year), the buildings were designed in a restrained and conservative modern style. This simplified modern architecture, with its lack of modernist gimmicks, was meant to make the design more palatable and attractive to a wider audience, and to more effectively “stand the test of time.”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Architect <personname w:st="on">J</personname>ess “J.E.” Stanton,<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/BALDWIN%20HILLS%20VILLAGE%20PAINT%20blog.doc#_edn1" name="_ednref1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[i]</span></span></span></a> Director of Color at the Golden Gate Exposition, created a vividly varied color palette for the Fair. In the book, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Art of Treasure Island,</i> author Eugen Neuhaus provided a description of the colors at the Exposition.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/BALDWIN%20HILLS%20VILLAGE%20PAINT%20blog.doc#_edn2" name="_ednref2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title="">[ii]</a></span></span></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVAk7tGExNg5_t4owUQPm2R3GL6GE9GPRyrLdYANDr5HAMO63bEV91idzaHvqIsqXOlR0mTDPxntXEoBaAJSyx_vR4Xo1HCfwb6OJBQM110u2LTpHSRFWlbSXLBYZxIGAB00KU9cVIJSV5/s1600/expo3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVAk7tGExNg5_t4owUQPm2R3GL6GE9GPRyrLdYANDr5HAMO63bEV91idzaHvqIsqXOlR0mTDPxntXEoBaAJSyx_vR4Xo1HCfwb6OJBQM110u2LTpHSRFWlbSXLBYZxIGAB00KU9cVIJSV5/s640/expo3.jpg" width="430px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>The dazzling colors at the Exposition. </i></b><b><i>Charles W. Cushman Photograph Collection</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i>“The palette comprises eighteen separate color expressions, mostly tints. There is a bright, luminous light yellow that is called poetically Sun-of-Dawn Yellow, a darker richer yellow (Pagoda Yellow), a rather neutral yellow (Old Mission Fawn), and a still darker yellow curiously called Polynesian Brown (in reality, it is a tint of yellow-orange). There are also four greens: a very pale bluish green tint (Evening Star Blue), a rich warm yellow green (Hawaiian Emerald Green), and a cooler green similar in tone values, called Ming <personname w:st="on">J</personname>ade Green, which is used in both a lighter and a darker tone. The reds are similarly graded from a light (Pebble Beach) coral to a warm orange (Santa Clara Apricot) to a darker brick red (Imperial Dragon Red). There are also four blues: a light gray purple blue (Pacific Blue), a very luminous green blue (Del Monte Blue), a deeper blue (China Clipper Blue), and a blue to which a little black has been added (Southern Cross Blue). Three rather neutral colors complete the palette: a so-called ecru, a taupe (Santa Barbara Rose), and mauve (Death Valley).”<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/BALDWIN%20HILLS%20VILLAGE%20PAINT%20blog.doc#_edn3" name="_ednref3" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[iii]</span></span></a></i></span></div><div class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px;">The colored walls also contained vermiculite, a shiny, flaky material (much like mica), which would enhance the beautifully painted walls at all hours. “By day it will add texture, color and sparkle to the wall surfaces,” while at night the magnificently orchestrated colored lights would be intensified by the glittering surfaces.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIyXrXm61MYbQBaWr9FlXYU0CSNaGQLHlrMDYX2t6MDmlhmd5Cr_ofNPvk673cJ62aYIuI7fdSu2xg_aloxaVxDKvK94IbRHLyy8aKOPHuX4DWrCr1LMh1dxqWwJPEljgqrtTwxmCOg6GU/s1600/expo4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="510px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIyXrXm61MYbQBaWr9FlXYU0CSNaGQLHlrMDYX2t6MDmlhmd5Cr_ofNPvk673cJ62aYIuI7fdSu2xg_aloxaVxDKvK94IbRHLyy8aKOPHuX4DWrCr1LMh1dxqWwJPEljgqrtTwxmCOg6GU/s640/expo4.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Cheerful pastel shades were enhanced by sparkling vermiculite. </i></b><b><i>Charles W. Cushman Photograph Collection</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Director of Color Stanton was also quoted as saying that the sidewalks and pathways at the Fair would be “asphalt mixed with a reddish color between maroon and magenta,” which would “excite gaiety, making the women appear younger and prettier, and inducing the men to spend more freely,” as well as making them more romantic.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/BALDWIN%20HILLS%20VILLAGE%20PAINT%20blog.doc#_edn4" name="_ednref4" style="mso-endnote-id: edn4;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[iv]</span></span></span></a> </span></span></div><div class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Art of Treasure Island</i> explains that in order to “differentiate the several courts, almost every court has been worked out in terms of a definite color scheme, mostly of analogous color complemented by the colors of nature.” This same concept of giving each court its own unique character, through colors used and with landscaping, was also employed by the designers at Baldwin Hills Village. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" closure_uid_v5mhwb="107" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The carefully engineered color palette at the Golden Gate International Exposition was the first time “chromotherapy” - <span class="apple-style-span">the science of health treatment by color usage - would be extensively used.</span><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/BALDWIN%20HILLS%20VILLAGE%20PAINT%20blog.doc#_edn5" name="_ednref5" style="mso-endnote-id: edn5;" title="">[v]</a></span></span></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4Q3cTEPsyUy9eCqqmtaDXauaDtV2OLDCIUHrXH8Hi2oOvWYcckLQSfE8kRmLvkWMdjus7QQt6wtplE8F6WTOOnEJloHTFfNp68J-nNiXlzd2WIKK78q2UMkSuA0vqx7G_PV39acxariIA/s1600/expo2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="504px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4Q3cTEPsyUy9eCqqmtaDXauaDtV2OLDCIUHrXH8Hi2oOvWYcckLQSfE8kRmLvkWMdjus7QQt6wtplE8F6WTOOnEJloHTFfNp68J-nNiXlzd2WIKK78q2UMkSuA0vqx7G_PV39acxariIA/s640/expo2.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>The pastel hues at the San Francisco Fair, one of the first uses of "chromotherapy," may have influenced<br />
the 1941 paint palette at Baldwin Hills Village. </i></b><b><i>Charles W. Cushman Photograph Collection</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">This type of color palette and paint application style was used repeatedly in the various housing projects, both private and public, in Southern California at the time. Like the concept of “chromotherapy,” i<span class="apple-style-span">t was presumed that these cheerful colors, like the ideally planned and functional architecture and landscape, would influence and positively enhance the lives of the residents of these innovative housing developments. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Though it isn’t known if Jess Stanton provided color consulting services at Baldwin Hills Village, Stanton was hired to do just that at Kearny Mesa, a defense housing development near San Diego, built during the War.</span></span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">THE 1941 PALETTE AT BALDWIN HILLS VILLAGE</span></span></b></span></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-M8XDVjKhvjLHzk9yYj_FrgOvA2u6brKBx6k-nU0I-fRRRIkSJhRdQTz2HwQJ6YTrb0sjd0L4Jku_PUmutufQ6gk2qS7-jUR-7cISLjXYbklyL7gkPei15F4z53xbalKXao-31ASrpdTg/s1600/yellow.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="258px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-M8XDVjKhvjLHzk9yYj_FrgOvA2u6brKBx6k-nU0I-fRRRIkSJhRdQTz2HwQJ6YTrb0sjd0L4Jku_PUmutufQ6gk2qS7-jUR-7cISLjXYbklyL7gkPei15F4z53xbalKXao-31ASrpdTg/s640/yellow.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>1946 Kodachrome image of a yellow building from the 1941 paint palette<br />
Village Green Archives</i></b></td></tr>
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</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhH_0SpLIxLqnErAaaJXMvMPjB6BgDL5ZIRyXX55SFHxRALTOn7xAEYfdtYJJayQFzmyaWDLIrmm-tsuknh-gSr2mbjZYQX_vDOEc1MrJDhbdpQ62ao3XPMBJ0WF5ILMYvGMpBR-qVif5lI/s1600/palette.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="520px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhH_0SpLIxLqnErAaaJXMvMPjB6BgDL5ZIRyXX55SFHxRALTOn7xAEYfdtYJJayQFzmyaWDLIrmm-tsuknh-gSr2mbjZYQX_vDOEc1MrJDhbdpQ62ao3XPMBJ0WF5ILMYvGMpBR-qVif5lI/s640/palette.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>The 1941-46 paint palette. Pittsburgh Paints were used at Baldwin Hills Village during these years, and<br />
a set of vintage pre-war Pittsburgh Paints chips was used to recreate the original palette.</i></b></td></tr>
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<br />
</div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></b><br />
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</span></span></b><br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 21px;"><b><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">BUILDING EXTERIOR COLORS</b>:</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The buildings and landscape at Baldwin Hills Village were designed in a simple, transitional modern style, with an “Old California” feeling (Monterey style balconies, adobe bungalows). Even the paint scheme referenced this “Old California” theme, with many buildings having a darker color band painted on the lower section of the buildings, under the window line, suggesting the old Spanish Colonial style. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGTCYtxVtLEVgNbFxnqGWBhvko96LMA2WT-TBlfm1OB8g5Fxz-6uVbVXIfxvuxL2ay73zHDqf1oP_KoAQf5ffES_oiJ_ufac8Pr7F-JHKZbC7Bz8Czigu8Fsyd2mYJabp7GBuYCdWR1f58/s1600/turquoise+bldg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: justify;"><img border="0" height="300px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGTCYtxVtLEVgNbFxnqGWBhvko96LMA2WT-TBlfm1OB8g5Fxz-6uVbVXIfxvuxL2ay73zHDqf1oP_KoAQf5ffES_oiJ_ufac8Pr7F-JHKZbC7Bz8Czigu8Fsyd2mYJabp7GBuYCdWR1f58/s400/turquoise+bldg.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Aquamarine</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5joY6Zqe_79p63IS7Mr4UVwwWG-Awv9kB0qIy4tkjVhG2L-hZzA3HmetertoNQeQd9OoTUgWzfUK-7hzX1hGFJD5bbSPv1M1oA57mX844JHGgusEl6vBqnYgRtMZeVsZ0Q7O7PeovAF1N/s1600/apricot.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="292px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5joY6Zqe_79p63IS7Mr4UVwwWG-Awv9kB0qIy4tkjVhG2L-hZzA3HmetertoNQeQd9OoTUgWzfUK-7hzX1hGFJD5bbSPv1M1oA57mX844JHGgusEl6vBqnYgRtMZeVsZ0Q7O7PeovAF1N/s400/apricot.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><b>Apricot with darker apricot band</b></i></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinvmQXEfh44cXIzPgzWAmTIpnYikaq8_rHGyz3mmZeSavdhCx6jae9IFvVfPaQckYU-XBao0-SMFeOSO-8QBJ7Xz2ZDUeBewH3ajNA82GJJfKdbFAhAUpUspppNtY1ThyphenhyphenLVRYy7xSRkRa4/s1600/bungalow.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="298px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinvmQXEfh44cXIzPgzWAmTIpnYikaq8_rHGyz3mmZeSavdhCx6jae9IFvVfPaQckYU-XBao0-SMFeOSO-8QBJ7Xz2ZDUeBewH3ajNA82GJJfKdbFAhAUpUspppNtY1ThyphenhyphenLVRYy7xSRkRa4/s400/bungalow.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Pale turquoise</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJIG123oI5GygFP0kRVOk8jjYrpq4N8afwjLataDz30a64YeFXnvHVzzQoib2OhTpLBgFDu7QaLOFugq2VpZAtSeff0CNf-p-uCrdUS0vZbXbEeFeVIw65xcuKDbW7oopXTm_cbPLqGYUR/s1600/canary.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="298px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJIG123oI5GygFP0kRVOk8jjYrpq4N8afwjLataDz30a64YeFXnvHVzzQoib2OhTpLBgFDu7QaLOFugq2VpZAtSeff0CNf-p-uCrdUS0vZbXbEeFeVIw65xcuKDbW7oopXTm_cbPLqGYUR/s400/canary.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Canary Yellow</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9S5yRswf-eaazRgZ5ygqHhcoNEAwocP-urHwyfW1jltbIWGUNuXyZn56KZymmEA-yYk_nBfsQfLFfW6VbOwID3EYPEQZ67yLdo0SHllm05W6TZ7if1lTpzzENn5GXbtikwFhcheXgjz4O/s1600/pond.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9S5yRswf-eaazRgZ5ygqHhcoNEAwocP-urHwyfW1jltbIWGUNuXyZn56KZymmEA-yYk_nBfsQfLFfW6VbOwID3EYPEQZ67yLdo0SHllm05W6TZ7if1lTpzzENn5GXbtikwFhcheXgjz4O/s400/pond.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Rose with a darker band below</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpzrDzIZ_lNz8Qi417qwR-I3p2npgK1glRNW4BtyFl-GKjyl-H880d55syLcAMnbdFeECQcJA1ZsJdU7Xtc6FsYzImnrauJMpGPPYumSpC-Q4sS3PsaPtflrHDiESJtLA29IppbLj-VD1U/s1600/spanish.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="296px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpzrDzIZ_lNz8Qi417qwR-I3p2npgK1glRNW4BtyFl-GKjyl-H880d55syLcAMnbdFeECQcJA1ZsJdU7Xtc6FsYzImnrauJMpGPPYumSpC-Q4sS3PsaPtflrHDiESJtLA29IppbLj-VD1U/s400/spanish.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Pale green with darker gray-green band</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The colors the architects chose for the buildings were carefully considered as a way to break up the “monotony” of the deceptively formal plan. Just as Fred Barlow, Jr’s design for the landscape gave each garden court a distinctive character through a unique palette of trees, shrubbery, groundcover and flowering vines, this charming palette of paint colors was also used to give each individual court a character distinctly its own. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVdHPwDOjZvuEcK6bRm-48QEeuSIBv6R2XdLT9Xh3moMkujFh3tDyf64sZrrG7UYo7ozPdCkoFlCsHGmxcskhQP85ZMB4CfuW2mG6KphPZQ9BtFxPOAnVHAhUEIEsFIPBbWTDDo-XWzJU2/s1600/apricto.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="298px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVdHPwDOjZvuEcK6bRm-48QEeuSIBv6R2XdLT9Xh3moMkujFh3tDyf64sZrrG7UYo7ozPdCkoFlCsHGmxcskhQP85ZMB4CfuW2mG6KphPZQ9BtFxPOAnVHAhUEIEsFIPBbWTDDo-XWzJU2/s400/apricto.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Pastel salmon stucco with a darker coordinating band at base<br />
emphasizes the horizontality of the building</span></i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxtPNNqbEIOl3MbXMIBMI3QrWsfuRL7TWOW4ZP4UdEuJx7T9D7zIwpSifOnjMFHpjCXsXv3XWWcHMlUkwkUoHXJg0zCO1qIZkSpuORNjEEUqtPhAzPHNJ_dfEyTK8M1wrZYLBsGTzZ6qSe/s1600/clubhouse.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="297px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxtPNNqbEIOl3MbXMIBMI3QrWsfuRL7TWOW4ZP4UdEuJx7T9D7zIwpSifOnjMFHpjCXsXv3XWWcHMlUkwkUoHXJg0zCO1qIZkSpuORNjEEUqtPhAzPHNJ_dfEyTK8M1wrZYLBsGTzZ6qSe/s400/clubhouse.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small;"><b><i>The Administration Building and Clubhouse at the center of the<br />
property just off Rodeo Road served as the hub of the <br />
Village during these years. At the Administration <br />
Building—where residents paid rent, picked up parcels, <br />
and arranged for maid service—the stucco was painted<br />
pastel green, with white trim and windows, <br />
with an apricot front door as an accent.</i></b></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiAZ0PUzsBk9uq4DhduVsMwZKWG6bRwK_FaK5ssz94iNPE2Zxzxf6-1TeDDydWcLT18s0axfweK_Sce2ZhItjlvOXBe1mtMF82UI8IYbkkIYMNFzWZ6tOmUe2Dmjh4GWZlgfl_WVuO0_sI/s1600/clubhouse2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiAZ0PUzsBk9uq4DhduVsMwZKWG6bRwK_FaK5ssz94iNPE2Zxzxf6-1TeDDydWcLT18s0axfweK_Sce2ZhItjlvOXBe1mtMF82UI8IYbkkIYMNFzWZ6tOmUe2Dmjh4GWZlgfl_WVuO0_sI/s400/clubhouse2.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small;"><b><i>South of the Administration Building, at the end<br />
of an olive allee, was the Clubhouse, which was painted apricot, <br />
with a deeper apricot band on the lower portion of the building. <br />
Windows and trim were white. The Clubhouse was the heart of the Village, <br />
and during the War years—when people were unable to leave <br />
the Village easily due to gas rationing—regular dances, debates, <br />
church gatherings, etc. kept the Clubhouse busy. <br />
The Clubhouse also had a library, <br />
darkroom, billiards, and ping-pong tables.</i></b></span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOSClqKL_QgaWbQ1vAfjHg_UqgViwdtWMfQmeJuLSDZ2D8Gjn_-mJfnxaKEda3bBpcGOJEzQsgcsnJq0tTB4BSVTR6YwInahvmPZeC8n88KCEYBBm2Zaud8SN9jhCl-AxXtv28r6kQ5hrY/s1600/portal.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOSClqKL_QgaWbQ1vAfjHg_UqgViwdtWMfQmeJuLSDZ2D8Gjn_-mJfnxaKEda3bBpcGOJEzQsgcsnJq0tTB4BSVTR6YwInahvmPZeC8n88KCEYBBm2Zaud8SN9jhCl-AxXtv28r6kQ5hrY/s400/portal.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Off-white building with darker band at base</i></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Di3RnkBlWGBNNx6HgnQ3K8SqhVZhaf_AvKwxWFwtCk0gNrBcqzBvNNIABAbB1MgzU9Ookip9R_9jP5e8sY9Ru-C6Qin_eVLa6L_cTr3kL8kFlHY6KVL245Aflo3TPY1Y7rcHMPO238mL/s1600/rose.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Di3RnkBlWGBNNx6HgnQ3K8SqhVZhaf_AvKwxWFwtCk0gNrBcqzBvNNIABAbB1MgzU9Ookip9R_9jP5e8sY9Ru-C6Qin_eVLa6L_cTr3kL8kFlHY6KVL245Aflo3TPY1Y7rcHMPO238mL/s400/rose.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Pale salmon pastel paint graces a building on the main green</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">16mm Kodachrome color footage taken by lead architect Reginald <personname w:st="on">J</personname>ohnson during construction and shortly after the Village opened shows buildings painted cheerful “Easter egg” hues such as jade green, salmon, canary yellow, turquoise, rose, aquamarine and apricot. Off-white was used as a contrasting accent for doors and windows, and several buildings were painted off-white as well. Other buildings were painted in paler pastel colors, with doors and windows painted in much deeper shades. When new, these vibrant pastel colors sparkled in the Southern California sun.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/BALDWIN%20HILLS%20VILLAGE%20PAINT%20blog.doc#_edn6" name="_ednref6" title="">[vi]</a></span></span></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq29yaU6KDPUuxRcBA3CT6u-4nsDnMoiji89VQeaxhj-NWxtaaCKTmNyLdemPEpsLk6FNGOdvpAzoRfgcaZlPTxRu4bb5ohny1iEmq5kv5R917rjeJLo751ZBZ0NbricNiE5KjhV0pf1Cf/s1600/garage+ct.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="295px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq29yaU6KDPUuxRcBA3CT6u-4nsDnMoiji89VQeaxhj-NWxtaaCKTmNyLdemPEpsLk6FNGOdvpAzoRfgcaZlPTxRu4bb5ohny1iEmq5kv5R917rjeJLo751ZBZ0NbricNiE5KjhV0pf1Cf/s400/garage+ct.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Pale grayish-green paint in garage court</i></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSwh24l37iwUMT3mMDRNejT6j046Kgbe9XNfgyC3PQ8LdDzsQ1XYwR_YvJdDFG3Fr73dVj6XXbPy2i7n-HniDYlDfG_7aF1AaSmHDEMIh20aqM7AthzEEbepidiXrMcD3Ryg5dqbUjPmbI/s1600/garage+court.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSwh24l37iwUMT3mMDRNejT6j046Kgbe9XNfgyC3PQ8LdDzsQ1XYwR_YvJdDFG3Fr73dVj6XXbPy2i7n-HniDYlDfG_7aF1AaSmHDEMIh20aqM7AthzEEbepidiXrMcD3Ryg5dqbUjPmbI/s400/garage+court.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Some garage courts had tan structures</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">GARAGE COURTS: </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The garage buildings, initially built as carports, were alternately painted either a pale grayish-green or tan. Because children began using the carports as play areas (even starting a bonfire in one), and as a result of gasoline and tires being stolen during World War II rationing, the management began to offer garage doors for $1.00 extra per month.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/BALDWIN%20HILLS%20VILLAGE%20PAINT%20blog.doc#_edn8" name="_ednref8" style="mso-endnote-id: edn8;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[viii]</span></span></span></a> After the war, all of the carports eventually had garage doors added. These doors and the clothes drying yards next to the laundry rooms were painted the same pale gray-green or tan as the garage structures.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPlJvnwwcy-5yauUYf9NVz3-YJYKMocnOsBGhH-pSO-NVyAxdj_oPVqkWZK690YFC4z7eFE-4EMJb4CkU-Hc6_TRrXmTl3kbeTrRl6mcijxnnbMRGVPxQTPzO6so_CCP6qSY-rrezy1OH1/s1600/patio.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="297px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPlJvnwwcy-5yauUYf9NVz3-YJYKMocnOsBGhH-pSO-NVyAxdj_oPVqkWZK690YFC4z7eFE-4EMJb4CkU-Hc6_TRrXmTl3kbeTrRl6mcijxnnbMRGVPxQTPzO6so_CCP6qSY-rrezy1OH1/s400/patio.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Enjoying the private patio, with tan walls</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In order to unify the garage court areas, the redwood patio fences were painted in the same gray-green or tan as the garage structures themselves. The serpentine brick walls did not exist at this time; they were added after World War II. Apartment addresses were stenciled or painted onto the fences, and other directional information was painted on the buildings themselves.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC0uE-24EaoKXE0d77AFIggmUOZFwKSKZjBHiJk-cYxBGFpvYqcYXjGxdkMfn65SfNt1SFMGhrIEuXkKZTHJKXpcTE1JgsC_x5Yfe2encnLUb4uCUwbVjSJ6FYioxjaUMniYRLhV399Fg0/s1600/address+stencils.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC0uE-24EaoKXE0d77AFIggmUOZFwKSKZjBHiJk-cYxBGFpvYqcYXjGxdkMfn65SfNt1SFMGhrIEuXkKZTHJKXpcTE1JgsC_x5Yfe2encnLUb4uCUwbVjSJ6FYioxjaUMniYRLhV399Fg0/s400/address+stencils.jpg" width="327px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>In addition to apartment addresses being hand-lettered on patio fences,<br />
the different street names were placed on buildings themselves.<br />
Prior to the 1950's, apartments in Baldwin Hills Village had Coliseum, Sycamore,<br />
Rodeo and Hauser street addresses, in addition to Village Green.<br />
The numbering system was even more confusing than it is today</i></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPRmM8GVE-BpK1cyQAU3hoe6qpKCwpWHHmtKBLYzdfRvDOggCpXZdBUSbodflMOjSCECVvqrAUp45CVXc3V_kNT1sjfL-9FBezIafWgKRquiIOIu89he89uexOfTAJy1NvJT-vIiwmIQL2/s1600/aerial.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="297px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPRmM8GVE-BpK1cyQAU3hoe6qpKCwpWHHmtKBLYzdfRvDOggCpXZdBUSbodflMOjSCECVvqrAUp45CVXc3V_kNT1sjfL-9FBezIafWgKRquiIOIu89he89uexOfTAJy1NvJT-vIiwmIQL2/s400/aerial.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Tan, white and green roofs were used for court identification in the carefully<br />
planned color scheme</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ1FdrOExFSkq7WcVscBdZerXHwX3crjL-576qpugom23XvDEYl_M82nY-3VKnv11k-moEBCR6JoY2r6B8CAKgqgya00imCpw2Gp8HkE9vgkYLdv9E4Blo020UccirVYDbQ5d1CYC1-Lgq/s1600/1948+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="248px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ1FdrOExFSkq7WcVscBdZerXHwX3crjL-576qpugom23XvDEYl_M82nY-3VKnv11k-moEBCR6JoY2r6B8CAKgqgya00imCpw2Gp8HkE9vgkYLdv9E4Blo020UccirVYDbQ5d1CYC1-Lgq/s640/1948+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>In this 1948 aerial photograph of the Village, the green roofs show up as dark, and alternate court by court with tan roofs. Though it is difficult to see here, buildings facing the main greens and garages had white roofs</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">ROOF COLORS:</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In addition to the paint palette, the architects further broke up the potentially monotonous simplicity of the buildings by using three different colors for the aggregate gravel on the roofs. Court by court, buildings had either green or buff (golden-tan) roofs to add to the individual court identification measures. Buildings facing the three large green areas, the one story three unit bungalow buildings, and the garages all had white aggregate roofs. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRJodTZzXD2_6rkWHCGnZy9T9YSw2s2K577Cuua9lNz4qw6LvyYrbJrARL1oGHUTH_ELRgztv5Fvj88xd_rAvTlYjqNu778pCZS11VxCvChPIPUQHsFxeiHr8NOpM-e53LyXCrm2LRfJkZ/s1600/aqua+walls.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="297px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRJodTZzXD2_6rkWHCGnZy9T9YSw2s2K577Cuua9lNz4qw6LvyYrbJrARL1oGHUTH_ELRgztv5Fvj88xd_rAvTlYjqNu778pCZS11VxCvChPIPUQHsFxeiHr8NOpM-e53LyXCrm2LRfJkZ/s400/aqua+walls.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Aquamarine walls in a bedroom</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaDXJI-6Gassi88QnFBC2bKCPy05ki8a6vcfrD2UIUuYeFF0gNsP9sjNwuisqHij053oFfaAv9vMAh5KV1ejWji9u-kxwRAI9aPOvpgyzQluIp4B97Txwywwa5Vz9z37oaglWUozLANI0A/s1600/johnson+int.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="298px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaDXJI-6Gassi88QnFBC2bKCPy05ki8a6vcfrD2UIUuYeFF0gNsP9sjNwuisqHij053oFfaAv9vMAh5KV1ejWji9u-kxwRAI9aPOvpgyzQluIp4B97Txwywwa5Vz9z37oaglWUozLANI0A/s400/johnson+int.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Pastel green in Reginald D. Johnson's living room</i></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyqtBuqAZu2qbHAp1jmsWaE0LHfH-HgrxXrdz1rUalqC1QtCYnCwLO3kjaXuHk3eZGLrSvYVJlJGt8jswxonkg66UQuWg624KowD2-MInCgiIGyeG17o9d20OidiodqpT0ZFs1E0cn71h1/s1600/kitchen+floor.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="298px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyqtBuqAZu2qbHAp1jmsWaE0LHfH-HgrxXrdz1rUalqC1QtCYnCwLO3kjaXuHk3eZGLrSvYVJlJGt8jswxonkg66UQuWg624KowD2-MInCgiIGyeG17o9d20OidiodqpT0ZFs1E0cn71h1/s400/kitchen+floor.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Kitchens were color coordinated, with matching Catalin plastic knobs and<br />
inlaid color stripe in linoleum floors</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEharMsmT3Swgr9krtWCCEko_mkAdIpRZy8g7-iaXQhez4zVHF9AR60b9OOnpVy5lBPHCC5f4OKJvNJ8BdtkcIUaLGgtrCInxknxXplcg2Z-at9XMHh1V41_OYkrNdks-S0o7oTBX6TnaZPl/s1600/kitchen+interior.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEharMsmT3Swgr9krtWCCEko_mkAdIpRZy8g7-iaXQhez4zVHF9AR60b9OOnpVy5lBPHCC5f4OKJvNJ8BdtkcIUaLGgtrCInxknxXplcg2Z-at9XMHh1V41_OYkrNdks-S0o7oTBX6TnaZPl/s400/kitchen+interior.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Kitchen color schemes were in red, green, yellow or blue. Even the<br />
kitchen cabinet interiors matched the color schemes.</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7uCDdWA1T93_eBfAwv7AAxaVwWi9HCRZuWrOTSbTHpvKfE4bdK0jsWZqZoaQD-OnuhIK67mX9ZRxt-LaL5Vdz1eR70NSvHNcQ90mbTiO3LTeRiqrBbGPMucUoFqXQotz5mm5WOiN787Cb/s1600/kitchen+blue.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7uCDdWA1T93_eBfAwv7AAxaVwWi9HCRZuWrOTSbTHpvKfE4bdK0jsWZqZoaQD-OnuhIK67mX9ZRxt-LaL5Vdz1eR70NSvHNcQ90mbTiO3LTeRiqrBbGPMucUoFqXQotz5mm5WOiN787Cb/s400/kitchen+blue.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Color matching a blue kitchen cabinet interior</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">INTERIOR COLORS:</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The architects did not limit their use of color to the buildings’ exteriors. They also created interesting color ensembles for the interiors of the apartments and public spaces.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Walls in the apartments were painted in shades of rose beige, citron green, aquamarine, yellow, blue, etc. Doors, ceilings and trim were typically off white. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Kitchens and baths were also thoughtfully color coordinated. Bathroom tile was matte glazed in shades of pale yellow, sage green or white, with coordinating unglazed tile floors. Kitchens walls and cabinets were painted white, but the interiors of kitchen cabinets were painted vibrant colors – cherry red, sunny yellow, deep blue, or dark bottle green (with cherry red seen on the inside of some the doors). Cabinets had coordinating colored Catalin plastic knobs. Floors were covered in a neutral Armstrong Jaspé sheet linoleum, with an inlaid stripe of the coordinating color.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/BALDWIN%20HILLS%20VILLAGE%20PAINT%20blog.doc#_edn9" name="_ednref9" style="mso-endnote-id: edn9;" title="">[ix]</a></span></span></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHxfXjGzVxw_UZhdBBcNFDb228Cq04UV8aMgfsXC1GhlStC27qJbHoMFXlSq3Ya6OKNELsRDGij1Prshy3hFgXlMX0So3BApdws59LD6-Fzb9YT16fBo-WJxKE2WQ34Og2YcElDhKdexEv/s1600/mural.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="230px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHxfXjGzVxw_UZhdBBcNFDb228Cq04UV8aMgfsXC1GhlStC27qJbHoMFXlSq3Ya6OKNELsRDGij1Prshy3hFgXlMX0So3BApdws59LD6-Fzb9YT16fBo-WJxKE2WQ34Og2YcElDhKdexEv/s640/mural.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>The mural by noted artist (and Baldwin Hills Village resident) Rico Lebrun, over the south facing door of the<br />
reception room of the Administration Building. Though it was painted and plastered over by the<br />
New England Mutual Life Insurance Company in the early 1950's, the mural still exists<br />
under layers of paint, and will one day be restored</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The Administration Building reception room had cork walls on the lower third, with the upper two thirds painted the same pale green as the building’s exterior. A mural by Rico Lebrun graced the south wall of this room. </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" closure_uid_srjx56="140" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">1946 – 1978 – Post War Years Through The Condo Conversion</span></span></b><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWhOisGUxxMssUFFRqr6hbrrAIFDTbe0QDwJcRh-Xw4lZjfiTiT9SkqCdSExAcmgZyKozh3KRD3Gp7wg8TWWylWqh5Aanb7mvBsrdMxZRaPPTBNAi503K3aKBo6u7gGz7L9W07093ofOq-/s1600/1950+header.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="478px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWhOisGUxxMssUFFRqr6hbrrAIFDTbe0QDwJcRh-Xw4lZjfiTiT9SkqCdSExAcmgZyKozh3KRD3Gp7wg8TWWylWqh5Aanb7mvBsrdMxZRaPPTBNAi503K3aKBo6u7gGz7L9W07093ofOq-/s640/1950+header.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">In 1946, the design team developed a new paint palette, which utilized varying two-toned paint application<br />
styles to further break up the monotony of the building types, giving additional court character</span></i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></b><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibXXbFaO-dAtf2fcjrzjO4DPNZNHe8ImD0ADDTg76U8giaqQXJBpWlF-AxJAEImQDbFPh9d67QjPp5VA9cm297VMsUFudlelQIuO7OfyrFDc7BRGHJXlbGKJED32dh9LwLIn3CQeqxpfZl/s1600/1946+palette.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibXXbFaO-dAtf2fcjrzjO4DPNZNHe8ImD0ADDTg76U8giaqQXJBpWlF-AxJAEImQDbFPh9d67QjPp5VA9cm297VMsUFudlelQIuO7OfyrFDc7BRGHJXlbGKJED32dh9LwLIn3CQeqxpfZl/s640/1946+palette.jpg" width="490px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Some examples from the 1946-1978 paint palette</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table> <b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">BUILDINGS IN HARMONY WITH THE LANDSCAPE</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Soon after Baldwin Hills Village opened, the Southern California-based members of the design team moved into the Village with their families. They wanted to experience first-hand the results of their long planned social experiment; to see how it worked to foster community - and how it might be improved. Reginald Johnson stayed a little over a year, the other architects stayed for much longer periods of time, some for decades. During their time living at the Village, they continued to modify and perfect various elements around the community. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">By the end of World War II, with wartime restrictions lifted and the labor shortage problem resolved, the management of Baldwin Hills Village began a program to restore the property to its original “as planned” condition. By early 1946, the gardeners were sprucing up the landscape with plants not available during the war.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/BALDWIN%20HILLS%20VILLAGE%20PAINT%20blog.doc#_edn10" name="_ednref10" style="mso-endnote-id: edn10;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[x]</span></span></span></a> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">By this time, trees and shrubs had begun to grow, creating a different and more complex visual impact than on completion in 1942. The original paint palette, while charming, tended to compete with the landscape as it began to mature. One of Catherine Bauer’s few complaints about the Village in her <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pencil Points</i> article from 1944 </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">was this paint palette, pointing out that “Colors are pastel, and to this eye seem a little too pale to have much effect on the pattern of the ensemble, although this may be due partly to post-Pearl Harbor paint.” Additionally, when the AIA awarded Baldwin Hills Village with a Distinguished Honor Award in 1946, one of the few shortcomings they found was that “the project lacks architectural color, possibly due to wartime painting restrictions.”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">By 1946 the buildings at Baldwin Hills Village were already in need of paint. Because the paint available during the war was inferior, and because some buildings were painted without primer, by war’s end the paint on the buildings had begun to fail, becoming pale, chalky and oxidized.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/BALDWIN%20HILLS%20VILLAGE%20PAINT%20blog.doc#_edn11" name="_ednref11" style="mso-endnote-id: edn11;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[xi]</span></span></span></a> This gave the architects an opportunity to re-evaluate the painting scheme originally chosen for the Village, with its vibrant pastel hues. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Because the colors used on the buildings had a direct impact to the overall visual success of the landscape, and because the site plan and landscape were considered the dominant and most important features at Baldwin Hills Village, a new sophisticated palette of deeper earth and nature colors - inspired by the landscape - was created in early 1946.</span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVaVFXTPZvp_s7Ck16qk1gcBJYXEpZc0nk0aVGsJhJKgIj_qW_5DOzowCtTO2BuEpTtVsI6qFcx2AkMa2LHixc7y1Pa84EylbzX3ktQQUZheNgwGLt7yGnndcCR3iFXVxYLUTNqax_TYZv/s1600/1950.1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVaVFXTPZvp_s7Ck16qk1gcBJYXEpZc0nk0aVGsJhJKgIj_qW_5DOzowCtTO2BuEpTtVsI6qFcx2AkMa2LHixc7y1Pa84EylbzX3ktQQUZheNgwGLt7yGnndcCR3iFXVxYLUTNqax_TYZv/s640/1950.1.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Tobacco Leaf Brown and a deep Blue-Green were the predominant colors in the scheme. Two-tone<br />
paint application in various styles gave welcome variety to buildings</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">BUILDING EXTERIOR COLORS:</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The original paint palette on the buildings, chosen when the landscape was little more than a sea of green with a few specimen trees, emphasized the buildings over the landscape. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Mirroring Fred Barlow Jr’s innovative vision for the landscape, a hierarchy and theme for the paint scheme was established. The color palette had two predominant colors – tobacco leaf brown and a deep blue-green – which were used as the common denominator. This was followed by a secondary palette of colors, mostly muted shades of tans, grays, blues and greens, used in varying combinations around the property. Lastly, a tertiary palette of unique shades like chartreuse was used judiciously for contrasting effect. Doors, windows, balconies and trim were painted off-white to accent the earth tones of the buildings. On larger buildings, creative two-toned effects were used, with white stucco sections contrasting with the earthier tones. With very few exceptions, it does not appear that more than two colors were used on any one building.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"> </span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/BALDWIN%20HILLS%20VILLAGE%20PAINT%20blog.doc#_edn12" name="_ednref12" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[xii]</span></span></span></a></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The two predominant colors - tobacco leaf brown and deep blue-green – were used as the theme for the two public buildings on the north-south axis - the administration building and the clubhouse. </span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibA2tWwdIzkiv2oKmIxADOkyCiXkAzTmEjJQLi0-7FsRqfSAd5nWkVOBRiG4WGduuKMX7ubL0bArWC2mWFqlE2VsR-ei22cleH2PrbMHr4m1kHRwh4AOY7Pcy6UtDH6mg4Iw-rBc237aop/s1600/1950.15.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="297px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibA2tWwdIzkiv2oKmIxADOkyCiXkAzTmEjJQLi0-7FsRqfSAd5nWkVOBRiG4WGduuKMX7ubL0bArWC2mWFqlE2VsR-ei22cleH2PrbMHr4m1kHRwh4AOY7Pcy6UtDH6mg4Iw-rBc237aop/s400/1950.15.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Two-toned building, with vine-covered balcony</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhELvYFkEB77VJFPr3s3pScjc5zjWo8sOvMDN8MBOgbZM0ACT29llrjjItU3TCihqBGFkne2pTFHT8h3n_CyE46Xagu0HoadwsaTrpN39LYChszzlVYYNOWv-E0JtTFtlMxjGyAVsUDhT_l/s1600/1950.9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="297px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhELvYFkEB77VJFPr3s3pScjc5zjWo8sOvMDN8MBOgbZM0ACT29llrjjItU3TCihqBGFkne2pTFHT8h3n_CyE46Xagu0HoadwsaTrpN39LYChszzlVYYNOWv-E0JtTFtlMxjGyAVsUDhT_l/s400/1950.9.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Building painted a deep bluish green contrasts nicely with<br />
a copper colored Plymouth</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLQ9OR30qsG3-dxX557L5S337juyKvVJmJxMBJH3tw62BAAxBlndy34TEm8-Sl_Zyi0TxMbQiy1FOyeaQ4M4k8zkmh2lepRLxhuNhjGNqGq1Gj7Geo-uIrHk7QfjS3tr69hWATmJbQi6s_/s1600/1950.14.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="298px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLQ9OR30qsG3-dxX557L5S337juyKvVJmJxMBJH3tw62BAAxBlndy34TEm8-Sl_Zyi0TxMbQiy1FOyeaQ4M4k8zkmh2lepRLxhuNhjGNqGq1Gj7Geo-uIrHk7QfjS3tr69hWATmJbQi6s_/s400/1950.14.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>The recessed portion of this building is medium blue</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNzfGhlo6tyKXvkVYO25RhF1iftjg8QnHoubJKqrNsFkQdr-eGF3SfN3TXekiv2s4VfwQapQYsnRWeizTkFV9CpkE2PXikX0l2UOv13ygSOZltbuu2i1ax_SMGdlzVuixDCNfoH5xqi9DJ/s1600/1950.12.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="297px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNzfGhlo6tyKXvkVYO25RhF1iftjg8QnHoubJKqrNsFkQdr-eGF3SfN3TXekiv2s4VfwQapQYsnRWeizTkFV9CpkE2PXikX0l2UOv13ygSOZltbuu2i1ax_SMGdlzVuixDCNfoH5xqi9DJ/s400/1950.12.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Muted chartreuse stucco, off-white woodwork</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUwY2WrSvJfl2Q5nBtLHMA83KopXACRRz-OpN71rQ_kVUWdTfxIE5dZ2nrKwfGJNBE5nbZuqk5CgiOQ5a5168X3md_T3APdmdOBQZDo3ojhl6UKs9zY-Um-a8o-WSr_T8LLb-1EiR2wvfY/s1600/1950.13.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="302px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUwY2WrSvJfl2Q5nBtLHMA83KopXACRRz-OpN71rQ_kVUWdTfxIE5dZ2nrKwfGJNBE5nbZuqk5CgiOQ5a5168X3md_T3APdmdOBQZDo3ojhl6UKs9zY-Um-a8o-WSr_T8LLb-1EiR2wvfY/s400/1950.13.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>On this Type 7 Building, the three bedroom ends are painted Tobacco<br />
Leaf Brown, while the main body is painted off-white. The<br />
recessed portion is painted brown, with off-white<br />
balcony for contrast</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGdPFiSA9X9zKPgQhAJxL1L_d4VzFCZ3YZAxHSlAQOfRsbR2oDwJcVbQ_SISIcJZtDBtQiDNVfUUQki7RdU_OGlV0tAYeBRh9w4DYSANUFzutRwCx84iIvIESUP7SNOR8QIl3sDJUpIafQ/s1600/1950.2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="298px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGdPFiSA9X9zKPgQhAJxL1L_d4VzFCZ3YZAxHSlAQOfRsbR2oDwJcVbQ_SISIcJZtDBtQiDNVfUUQki7RdU_OGlV0tAYeBRh9w4DYSANUFzutRwCx84iIvIESUP7SNOR8QIl3sDJUpIafQ/s400/1950.2.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>The bungalow ends are off-white, while the body of the building is brown</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif1VJFzAyL5KCeIlhFOw2UYAtxWS2gitCfwFUWe7Yhzi5joEq9XEEVVQF0dQTJ6k736JNwhK6qF1Rd5oZr-2Ni58vgSfsv0mr9NC96ynGjSsXCsRSGUWa4XXBN-gknbOUM8zJROwDqtWpd/s1600/1950.5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif1VJFzAyL5KCeIlhFOw2UYAtxWS2gitCfwFUWe7Yhzi5joEq9XEEVVQF0dQTJ6k736JNwhK6qF1Rd5oZr-2Ni58vgSfsv0mr9NC96ynGjSsXCsRSGUWa4XXBN-gknbOUM8zJROwDqtWpd/s400/1950.5.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>In this court, bungalows were painted a color, while the main body of the building<br />
was off-white. The recessed portions of the building<br />
are also painted a color</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNchUMbwwvaNQ0N5YFWZx4AmqJmFjYV_TgZum4mdvmH-VGoWOCzYK9yYR2NhYCMwWrVlLPXHEyrFDYovsvmNpLz-0oWbqPvtwykxMY2j_3AVVdYU8Nk1ONM4xfnX1lz7A18Htb_uVi0-xG/s1600/1950.10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="293px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNchUMbwwvaNQ0N5YFWZx4AmqJmFjYV_TgZum4mdvmH-VGoWOCzYK9yYR2NhYCMwWrVlLPXHEyrFDYovsvmNpLz-0oWbqPvtwykxMY2j_3AVVdYU8Nk1ONM4xfnX1lz7A18Htb_uVi0-xG/s400/1950.10.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>This building in the West Circle had Tobacco Leaf<br />
Brown on the upper woodwork, Off-white below</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb2Y4wiLN0rXmLY4yu9l4uZLsrjsniC_xubrRA9As-Ta8CMJePse_0_rAfMNqy5HeGjD6Wgs97epKVn3exFPO2Fsx8Mn7UV6Crt1YzY4Px7s0rQYI5OdDTUKVSZQ_cOnZaepWBKl1f2FgG/s1600/1950.7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="301px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb2Y4wiLN0rXmLY4yu9l4uZLsrjsniC_xubrRA9As-Ta8CMJePse_0_rAfMNqy5HeGjD6Wgs97epKVn3exFPO2Fsx8Mn7UV6Crt1YzY4Px7s0rQYI5OdDTUKVSZQ_cOnZaepWBKl1f2FgG/s400/1950.7.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Medium blue</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiB4jfxJ4zMleNAJHfRsMbDzcfy-ME2iAXNT7IyqwYYhUaQ02z38QAC3SCfHeEblyyo8g5bfkmBeYCoiCKuWdhyphenhyphen5ccWOKdiQRtK3mOTMhKcgXa-wnTUhP1_CpBPIj-Ts2dRpl52RhIyohPL/s1600/1950.4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="298px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiB4jfxJ4zMleNAJHfRsMbDzcfy-ME2iAXNT7IyqwYYhUaQ02z38QAC3SCfHeEblyyo8g5bfkmBeYCoiCKuWdhyphenhyphen5ccWOKdiQRtK3mOTMhKcgXa-wnTUhP1_CpBPIj-Ts2dRpl52RhIyohPL/s400/1950.4.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>The Clubhouse changed from apricot to deep Blue-green, which allowed it<br />
to blend into the landscape </i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK6GtNsmFJ-IsxPjDO_eEvt7n5FfeXyF6bMNQIkQO3YvZc7L-ztBSnt5fWPJIiSqZd22MKXDESm73kKZTy9dTf00SYJhOxAl9yoOYTSELYlOY4ou01JwknUS4q4ragf1V22VcJolPaOJjF/s1600/1950.3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="297px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK6GtNsmFJ-IsxPjDO_eEvt7n5FfeXyF6bMNQIkQO3YvZc7L-ztBSnt5fWPJIiSqZd22MKXDESm73kKZTy9dTf00SYJhOxAl9yoOYTSELYlOY4ou01JwknUS4q4ragf1V22VcJolPaOJjF/s400/1950.3.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>These two buildings, just west of the main green, are two of three buildings<br />
which use two paint colors, with white</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">This new palette, with deeper organic colors, deemphasized the buildings somewhat and allowed them to harmonize with the landscape more seamlessly than had the previous palette. This elegant scheme was considered a success, and was in use at Baldwin Hills Village through the condominium conversion in the 1970’s.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Clarence Stein, in his 1951 book <i>Towards New Towns for America</i></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">, in his chapter on Baldwin Hills Village describes the “contrasts of pastel coloring – bluish green, suede gray, dark tobacco brown, grey blue – and holding these colors together large masses of white, slightly greyed, reminiscent of the house rows of Denmark and Sweden.”</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Also, as Fred Barlow Jr’s design for the landscape had done, the new palette and paint application style helped to further diminish the Beaux-Arts inspired formality of the site plan. Norman T. Newton, describing the serenity and grace of the site in his 1971 book <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Design on the Land</i>, praised the building colors as a crucial element to the success of the landscape. He pointed out that “the color scheme among the buildings never echoes the symmetry of the plan: for instance, if a certain row-house is done in a combination of light brown and cream, its balancing counterpart is most likely in, say, smoky blue.”</span> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-qfhL9jgL5ncgEDIq7g1GwXdvztJZtTDx4HkCDSShzZH0wofCuA0dwArQBJbYAnM00D9kC8P6KsGXxq3C3suA1STZuW19XX7Iey1UgfDD0_jK03MkWeQiHL68acGiFuQsT9cFEwdf-nw-/s1600/1950.6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="297px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-qfhL9jgL5ncgEDIq7g1GwXdvztJZtTDx4HkCDSShzZH0wofCuA0dwArQBJbYAnM00D9kC8P6KsGXxq3C3suA1STZuW19XX7Iey1UgfDD0_jK03MkWeQiHL68acGiFuQsT9cFEwdf-nw-/s400/1950.6.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>In garage courts, unity was achieved by combining deep Blue-green<br />
and Tobacco Leaf Brown for both garage buildings and<br />
patio fences. The deeper colors also successfully<br />
merged buildings and landscape</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIy9ybIveo8ym7r99YQJ7LGtXmyzFAbi3mhYIcjJ6C9r-i6NY8g39jcZi1ZrsfUnTQjwLT07Ozq8BU4-6Uf5XWdZV5Yn3-go8UVBFiEHODBC2E-uBKWjfOnHL977MNI1m-fbRHHub8gqkZ/s1600/1950.11.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="297px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIy9ybIveo8ym7r99YQJ7LGtXmyzFAbi3mhYIcjJ6C9r-i6NY8g39jcZi1ZrsfUnTQjwLT07Ozq8BU4-6Uf5XWdZV5Yn3-go8UVBFiEHODBC2E-uBKWjfOnHL977MNI1m-fbRHHub8gqkZ/s400/1950.11.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Deep Blue-green garage buildings, with Tobacco Leaf Brown<br />
garage doors. Fascia board trim was painted off-white<br />
for contrast. The deeper colors helped these utilitarian<br />
buildings withdraw and become more unobtrusive, especially<br />
when seen from the landscaped areas</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">GARAGE COURTS: </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In keeping with the blue-green and tobacco leaf brown scheme of the Administration Building and the Clubhouse, and in order to unify the overall effect in Garage Courts, with the fences in the same vicinity, the garage structures, laundry rooms and drying yards were painted deep blue-green, and garage doors were painted using the coordinating tobacco leaf brown. Fascia boards were off white for contrast. This palette harmonized nicely with the building colors, but also made the garages less obtrusive in the overall scheme, more successfully blending into the maturing landscape, especially when viewed from the garden courts or green areas.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The patio fences were again either deep blue-green or tobacco leaf brown, chosen to coordinate with and complement the color chosen for the building. The deep blue-green fences were painted on the inside a lighter shade of bluish-green, in order to create a more airy feeling within the confines of the patio. Addresses were again stenciled or painted onto the fences.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">ROOF COLORS: </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Initially, no changes are documented. But by the mid-1960s, the roofs were at the end of their twenty-year life cycle. The colored aggregate gravel was replaced with light gray gravel when roofs were replaced in 1964 and 1965. This was one of the first steps taken to diminish the thoughtful and unique vision of colors designed by the architects involved.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">INTERIOR COLORS: </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">After Baldwin Hills Village was open and occupied, residents were allowed to have their apartment interiors painted to harmonize with their own decorating styles. Marilyn Brady, the step-daughter of Baldwin Hills Village landscape architect Fred Barlow, <personname w:st="on">J</personname>r., remembers her mother having their Village living room painted a deep chocolate brown. </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b>THE LONGEST-RUNNING DESIGNED PALETTE AT BALDWIN HILLS VILLAGE</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The New England Mutual Life Insurance Company of Boston purchased Baldwin Hills Village in 1949 from the initial group of investors, which included members of the Baldwin family, the Chandler family, the architects involved, and various other investors.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In 1962, one of the original investors, Baldwin M. Baldwin, repurchased <place w:st="on"><placename w:st="on">Baldwin</placename> <placetype w:st="on">Hills</placetype> <placetype w:st="on">Village</placetype></place> from the Insurance Company. On December 14, 1963, the earthen dam broke at the Baldwin Hills Dam disaster, and substantial flooding and damage occurred at the Village. Fortunately, architect Robert Alexander was brought back to oversee restoration of damaged areas. The paint palette and style of paint application was retained during these periods.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAQRQmHBOIbzkNA4uKBOBTguQIUJNWtt41o0dolFDFdMMb3CABust0y2wS3eoLLQlxbZFzT9mxb6VJmqseE2vVhNg9k7Evjdzik4fi_FgSeiVBwq1wc5ZzHulS_m8jWh7rcQnJZkouvwqe/s1600/flood+clubhouse.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="403px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAQRQmHBOIbzkNA4uKBOBTguQIUJNWtt41o0dolFDFdMMb3CABust0y2wS3eoLLQlxbZFzT9mxb6VJmqseE2vVhNg9k7Evjdzik4fi_FgSeiVBwq1wc5ZzHulS_m8jWh7rcQnJZkouvwqe/s640/flood+clubhouse.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Kodachrome photo taken just following the flood, December, 1963. The Administration Building is still<br />
Tobacco Leaf Brown</i></b></td></tr>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqYO9BWk1D8Pc9LLjijC4DJjWOBbJYc0UdMEenUKEg8OmSChTSv9ZW8SBNNqM5Nfd7NuCB-gYhcEDKpICQFcFZgdP8T5DO2upOJ1DGNu0HKfNwlHd0F-njipwKhlAjjQ_Z6k_ZMGdAimJz/s1600/flood+green.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="400px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqYO9BWk1D8Pc9LLjijC4DJjWOBbJYc0UdMEenUKEg8OmSChTSv9ZW8SBNNqM5Nfd7NuCB-gYhcEDKpICQFcFZgdP8T5DO2upOJ1DGNu0HKfNwlHd0F-njipwKhlAjjQ_Z6k_ZMGdAimJz/s400/flood+green.jpg" width="350px" /></a></div><div style="text-align: right;"></div><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmTGdigDbBcf1VGw3aAPI0E_TuDWPX1qqE4VJHjl8_SPZ0u53RJBkZ9F9G_LvBDvjKP8ciquhqA5D2893pciOxHPLQMh52Zt8-HhWWPTyb2h68ra95a3a_LBvOtqLKXIUWbxom_C_Q4-su/s1600/flood+two+tone.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="386px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmTGdigDbBcf1VGw3aAPI0E_TuDWPX1qqE4VJHjl8_SPZ0u53RJBkZ9F9G_LvBDvjKP8ciquhqA5D2893pciOxHPLQMh52Zt8-HhWWPTyb2h68ra95a3a_LBvOtqLKXIUWbxom_C_Q4-su/s400/flood+two+tone.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Heavy damage to a Two-toned brown and off-white building</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqLmAlrbqkHujzV9aXD93d4eaaVPfDTzMSBZ-1LhddsVw9ZDqrmTyoFcmOPiZGWRnaemQvDjptwjHjCpzoiqPE33W1X_LiW3WmyM8CvwoV5ZMc73xNMxOPXW9eE33KUxuuvJyLceHTCIlx/s1600/flood+garages.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="385px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqLmAlrbqkHujzV9aXD93d4eaaVPfDTzMSBZ-1LhddsVw9ZDqrmTyoFcmOPiZGWRnaemQvDjptwjHjCpzoiqPE33W1X_LiW3WmyM8CvwoV5ZMc73xNMxOPXW9eE33KUxuuvJyLceHTCIlx/s400/flood+garages.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Garage Court 3 after the flood, garage buildings are still<br />
deep Blue-green</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In 1972, the estate of Baldwin M. Baldwin sold <placename w:st="on">Baldwin</placename> <placetype w:st="on">Hills</placetype> <placetype w:st="on">Village</placetype> to Terramics, Inc., a developer, who proceeded to convert the apartment units into condominiums, and to rename <place w:st="on"><placename w:st="on">Baldwin</placename> <placetype w:st="on">Hills</placetype> <placetype w:st="on">Village</placetype></place> “The Village Green.” That conversion took place in stages, from 1973 to 1978. Architect Robert Alexander was again brought in to initially oversee any changes made to the Village Green. He was relieved that very few were made.</span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixxzIjhbGaFlD2G0_VoWmybWBMCqd26nklGWx-PPBauqpy-wfx_gfVA2b5N1KPUDBQ95Vo15GKFHETNzRPlb9D4vd8h7-pOeQ5Nsz4ufNdLlST1acb4EQxHp4_SMVhfL2R3SvxgrDZR-17/s1600/balcony+treatment.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="408px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixxzIjhbGaFlD2G0_VoWmybWBMCqd26nklGWx-PPBauqpy-wfx_gfVA2b5N1KPUDBQ95Vo15GKFHETNzRPlb9D4vd8h7-pOeQ5Nsz4ufNdLlST1acb4EQxHp4_SMVhfL2R3SvxgrDZR-17/s640/balcony+treatment.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>A page from the 1978 Design Review Committee Guidelines. Fortunately, this 1970's proposed<br />
balcony modification was never put into place<br />
Village Green Archives</i></b></td></tr>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">A Design Review Committee (DRC) was created during the condominium conversion in order to document changes that had taken place, and to make recommendations on design standards going forward. The DRC created an Architectural Standards and Guidelines, and photographs in it show the same earth and nature palette and paint application style from 1946 still being used, with some minor modifications— by 1978 some lighter shades had been introduced. Famed architectural photographer <personname w:st="on">J</personname>ulius Shulman took several color photographs at Village Green for the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Los Angeles Times </i>in the late 1970s to promote the conversion of the apartment units to condominiums. These show the buildings still generally using the same two-toned painting schemes and palette, but in addition to the greens, blues, tans and gray, colors such as lavender and pink were introduced. One building, used as “model apartments” in the East Circle, shows three colors being used.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioElrLSMNpfhJWaK7LIc5sYGmQ3kcSWKi2ASzwcpw6-A__vDhInO-KIsGSJJZ5Rlko18OJCkVKLnml2NyqMKvpz-7N4BRjkRV_5AHeHj5zB2b83TbhyphenhyphenurZlT13hLYZAuuIFg-ceDnEzROb/s1600/brown+balcony.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="391px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioElrLSMNpfhJWaK7LIc5sYGmQ3kcSWKi2ASzwcpw6-A__vDhInO-KIsGSJJZ5Rlko18OJCkVKLnml2NyqMKvpz-7N4BRjkRV_5AHeHj5zB2b83TbhyphenhyphenurZlT13hLYZAuuIFg-ceDnEzROb/s400/brown+balcony.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>An image from the 1978 DRC Guidelines shows the 1946<br />
paint palette and application style still in place. </i></b><b><i>Village Green Archives</i></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPUDxdhSel4YStleRn2Bz2H-D_Hbu7P6MfBopAROybcnIyDYO_9oQf0g0RG8uVF32tGZ9YvtOrr60wmdtFYwdquH9f_L_bhHjEl5JaqOWU9D0EU_7wa66BBJnD5Me8QxJliy93mNaqk4zv/s1600/myth+blue.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPUDxdhSel4YStleRn2Bz2H-D_Hbu7P6MfBopAROybcnIyDYO_9oQf0g0RG8uVF32tGZ9YvtOrr60wmdtFYwdquH9f_L_bhHjEl5JaqOWU9D0EU_7wa66BBJnD5Me8QxJliy93mNaqk4zv/s400/myth+blue.jpg" width="382px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>The 1946 paint palette was the longest running designed paint<br />
palette used at Baldwin Hills Village, nearly 30 years. </i></b><b><i>Village Green Archives</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHbbyE9xppLPlD_iZxZSgPw3W9KDZftYtK3avQtFRflT5dadvNabETHDa2s9uznV9Wnh_PDCoJiNtxjdKsZc-14gmON5vztJhJMZn7MF7NC6TKoj2zyzdkPX97okUTZWKuEMHCgn-IOXPA/s1600/awning.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHbbyE9xppLPlD_iZxZSgPw3W9KDZftYtK3avQtFRflT5dadvNabETHDa2s9uznV9Wnh_PDCoJiNtxjdKsZc-14gmON5vztJhJMZn7MF7NC6TKoj2zyzdkPX97okUTZWKuEMHCgn-IOXPA/s640/awning.jpg" width="497px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>The two-toned buildings were still in place in 1978. </i></b><b><i>Village Green Archives</i></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiodbLw260AL2sNYLvl7JThnIsSKEnZaar1Wd6yR6ZlAuAyiDoWWMxUlCdBmScryMm0kxz0pgLi61m3RaccUgs3FKJzeh8pR1xnqkUlRMNHQa8lcjzAb2Qs4hMu5-ak0EeQ7mrZ8ykfIOhT/s1600/tan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiodbLw260AL2sNYLvl7JThnIsSKEnZaar1Wd6yR6ZlAuAyiDoWWMxUlCdBmScryMm0kxz0pgLi61m3RaccUgs3FKJzeh8pR1xnqkUlRMNHQa8lcjzAb2Qs4hMu5-ak0EeQ7mrZ8ykfIOhT/s640/tan.jpg" width="563px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>It appears awning violations were a major concern in 1978. The fences were still<br />
either deep blue-green or tobacco leaf brown. </i></b><b><i>Village Green Archives</i></b></td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 24px;"><b>1978 – 2003 – Condo Conversion: </b></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">THE BEIGE ERA</span></b><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguxDCeSNU9kFxCHJus_UzImQN5GP5nLTK3FG-vYH8fsttY4-kZ9UGM3NmuuHnnRyJBqc8Rn_eITtBYuHD4P-cx7KpVylsegSeUVLKu8SeEDQCrexrAlIvJU0yLscgfUZiSTvH-aisymPcJ/s1600/beige+era.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguxDCeSNU9kFxCHJus_UzImQN5GP5nLTK3FG-vYH8fsttY4-kZ9UGM3NmuuHnnRyJBqc8Rn_eITtBYuHD4P-cx7KpVylsegSeUVLKu8SeEDQCrexrAlIvJU0yLscgfUZiSTvH-aisymPcJ/s640/beige+era.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Beige garages with beige doors, beige fences, beige building with beige trim and fence</i></b></td></tr>
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">BUILDING EXTERIOR COLORS:</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">As the condo conversion was completed, and the management of the Village Green was handed over to the community, the Design Review Committee during the 1980s and 1990s chose to retire the carefully designed color palette and paint application style created by the original architects. That cohesive plan, with its creative ways of subtly articulating the architecture of the buildings while encouraging them to harmonize with and successfully blend into the landscape, was replaced with a less interesting palette of light beiges and grays. I was told by a long-time resident who was active on the Board at the time that “we thought the buildings were ugly, so we painted them all in beige to make them disappear.” </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The buildings didn’t disappear, however, but were even more prominent when assessing the site plan as an organic whole. This new palette did nothing for either the buildings or for the landscape. </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Most individual buildings had very little variation between stucco color and trim, balconies, etc., when a color was chosen. Other than light beige or gray, trim, door, and window colors included tan, medium blue, gray, and deep green.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8UGCpYdx7tz_eHJ0H84IMn9oQVJbuaakkBXVMAMGC3iDNuLByc6wlHSS4bZfYuLc-kXfsDHc-WuyTmoTBUr8y0MpXSFun2s7nhumILNrAKIMw9B7eUbS0reLIdtzINYTm__wWxMhqOaOw/s1600/beige+clubhouse.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="398px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8UGCpYdx7tz_eHJ0H84IMn9oQVJbuaakkBXVMAMGC3iDNuLByc6wlHSS4bZfYuLc-kXfsDHc-WuyTmoTBUr8y0MpXSFun2s7nhumILNrAKIMw9B7eUbS0reLIdtzINYTm__wWxMhqOaOw/s640/beige+clubhouse.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>The Administration Building (now the Clubhouse), painted beige, 1979</i></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuMNoo0MWW-LhTcb0-N8WGlHbn0_-p7JYzfkb0jIIcqpEKPVt7j_Asbm1be7yTV-Ezp7lmlVgENJFFlAOSPPJDAslrUqmgIZ068qrl0iFej1WxnQsHFXiSNydOgE_Fj_7MdmoNqKJEaXR7/s1600/gray.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuMNoo0MWW-LhTcb0-N8WGlHbn0_-p7JYzfkb0jIIcqpEKPVt7j_Asbm1be7yTV-Ezp7lmlVgENJFFlAOSPPJDAslrUqmgIZ068qrl0iFej1WxnQsHFXiSNydOgE_Fj_7MdmoNqKJEaXR7/s640/gray.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Pale gray stucco with slightly deeper gray trim</i></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9X1t9jtvehcpLUZcJ96bKb-VJA5l_5eFawMw8do1RWxAf6B8xkomIYBvwx5KAgtdh3tyZhK70jxqi07AGmHVUPSLHdl59ybSCywbl97tkyHrGgi0NAihEfVMsdZcGDrerhe4Av4anMLvG/s1600/pale+blue.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9X1t9jtvehcpLUZcJ96bKb-VJA5l_5eFawMw8do1RWxAf6B8xkomIYBvwx5KAgtdh3tyZhK70jxqi07AGmHVUPSLHdl59ybSCywbl97tkyHrGgi0NAihEfVMsdZcGDrerhe4Av4anMLvG/s640/pale+blue.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Off-white stucco with pale blue trim</i></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgLTMH5jZzrr74017anhqFM0s9LqbYFbyFTuEhEmstebFIQdfpyR7d1yd3rK3K5zsdzUHUVNj_tJx2NWdBEajXgXrMU7DOx74ddirysMWqy1-mAikURVMrtUJ_XJSL1sn6mr2KgRdI-4lz/s1600/apricot.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgLTMH5jZzrr74017anhqFM0s9LqbYFbyFTuEhEmstebFIQdfpyR7d1yd3rK3K5zsdzUHUVNj_tJx2NWdBEajXgXrMU7DOx74ddirysMWqy1-mAikURVMrtUJ_XJSL1sn6mr2KgRdI-4lz/s640/apricot.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Off-white stucco with pale apricot trim</i></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJtLNX0utlVfKhkSWon0lgr1JNhnf8eRKtuFG-fu7RSVsqPIYN5eB7EXdcIIwHxjffFTtYxIrTv4NO8_IH16jfFSy-N20oX-CXXmIOLEeG3ux3I-hACoqLTDH3X00IsEBJckm68ZOk1OsD/s1600/tan+beige.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJtLNX0utlVfKhkSWon0lgr1JNhnf8eRKtuFG-fu7RSVsqPIYN5eB7EXdcIIwHxjffFTtYxIrTv4NO8_IH16jfFSy-N20oX-CXXmIOLEeG3ux3I-hACoqLTDH3X00IsEBJckm68ZOk1OsD/s640/tan+beige.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Beige stucco with light tan trim</i></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKSrLn3Kx0G-rl-EiQpuLquoltbf22P6UVQyVy_dVUNE5_IJ94-WnEnYnyPH3elGftNO0pyVQ33BRdaJC6L_oyYM9tAYfvKZosWFDFiD6UW2WhYp-OwjxxySUkx2c7K_BiwSP2IUoeV5En/s1600/barn+door.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKSrLn3Kx0G-rl-EiQpuLquoltbf22P6UVQyVy_dVUNE5_IJ94-WnEnYnyPH3elGftNO0pyVQ33BRdaJC6L_oyYM9tAYfvKZosWFDFiD6UW2WhYp-OwjxxySUkx2c7K_BiwSP2IUoeV5En/s640/barn+door.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Beige stucco with barn red trim</i></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGBamLrs6GxUU9nx8UuzWjkkpcxTm_R3K7ptd0lq8rv7mzkMxU1ugyMLKJ4BXwp0kkggPHDo69sMLXLRnSd67b8XUZyjejRqrBFOGndCxApKAUw92DKpYD9vfRCM5jTTgUWg5fOtxwMfvX/s1600/beige.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGBamLrs6GxUU9nx8UuzWjkkpcxTm_R3K7ptd0lq8rv7mzkMxU1ugyMLKJ4BXwp0kkggPHDo69sMLXLRnSd67b8XUZyjejRqrBFOGndCxApKAUw92DKpYD9vfRCM5jTTgUWg5fOtxwMfvX/s640/beige.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Layers of beige</i></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPjEVXpWXj4Awt9ODjJjapqLLWPFsGE1DDXTPkEfJLlT0DCyPJP6TRCH9RB_gJkHhAq5zSQWIUWKFcLg1UJ3YxlEhAlKFCLYatqklqHsfk_z9QQCNORJMZnTAxLJwpwSlzYs3tAPxSgUNW/s1600/beige+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPjEVXpWXj4Awt9ODjJjapqLLWPFsGE1DDXTPkEfJLlT0DCyPJP6TRCH9RB_gJkHhAq5zSQWIUWKFcLg1UJ3YxlEhAlKFCLYatqklqHsfk_z9QQCNORJMZnTAxLJwpwSlzYs3tAPxSgUNW/s640/beige+2.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Beige on beige on beige garage courts, with the once ubiquitous peeling paint</i></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_GgPuxjxhF0FZ-7F2wJkFMvqbp7OW0cZVKPRjn1kK-xHmdcmA4aO0EY2-s5KTh6-rwAxi0votumXpkUOnP_HCFsW_pUWTjhPdBjan_SLKtot_u8rDjYVUtELnXzs4HGSfJfp4vb2Pe6f-/s1600/beige+garage.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_GgPuxjxhF0FZ-7F2wJkFMvqbp7OW0cZVKPRjn1kK-xHmdcmA4aO0EY2-s5KTh6-rwAxi0votumXpkUOnP_HCFsW_pUWTjhPdBjan_SLKtot_u8rDjYVUtELnXzs4HGSfJfp4vb2Pe6f-/s640/beige+garage.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Beige garage structures, beige garage doors</i></b></td></tr>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">GARAGE COURTS: </span></b><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Garages, laundry rooms, and trash and laundry enclosures were painted uniformly in beige, and did not relate to the colors chosen for fences. A few garage courts at one time had medium green bodies with white garage doors.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjRUeMA0PyuDqhtMkuze2BkxD6ZuJfug97cBrGjjGh_z6fInS0o7C9CBII48m3Ey6ZtHw3B2Qsiu2AzPlb3p09LCco_vVJI9HCvwdJHbzP48pmww9EEbBVKJzvP_NuVS8YxNoSD05uyWkP/s1600/number.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="227" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjRUeMA0PyuDqhtMkuze2BkxD6ZuJfug97cBrGjjGh_z6fInS0o7C9CBII48m3Ey6ZtHw3B2Qsiu2AzPlb3p09LCco_vVJI9HCvwdJHbzP48pmww9EEbBVKJzvP_NuVS8YxNoSD05uyWkP/s320/number.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>White plastic plaques with generic address numerals instead<br />
of painted numbers were used from the 1980's to the early 2000's</i></b></td></tr>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Fence colors were painted the darker trim color of the buildings, ranging from light beige to deeper green or medium blue. Fences did not relate to other structures in the garage courts, nor was the overall harmony and ensemble quality of the Garage Courts considered. At some point after the condo conversion, white plastic address plaques were installed on the fences, with generic black stick-on numbers, replacing the stenciled address numbers of previous years. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">2003 TRANSITIONAL PALETTE</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">BUILDING COLORS:</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In reaction to many years of innocuous beige or grayish buildings, the Design Review Committee in 2003 created, with the approval of the Board of Directors, a new and more integral palette of colors. This new palette was inspired by the mature landscape at Village Green, and also drew inspiration from some of the colors popular in the 1940s, with contemporary touches of color for impact. An emphasis was placed on very light-colored buildings.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj10zfhDTtmILJAhcIhGTz4C1URsjVBbn2egRXM0xpdcKZCeNYgVtySPifvyoeGK2uJXnsKIcpF4w8D1N0K9IZSXfgqG2zhjPl_JZichQjRuvh5YnsNdaFw_-9-jP7lFeKfw8iNufj97_yq/s1600/chartreuse.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj10zfhDTtmILJAhcIhGTz4C1URsjVBbn2egRXM0xpdcKZCeNYgVtySPifvyoeGK2uJXnsKIcpF4w8D1N0K9IZSXfgqG2zhjPl_JZichQjRuvh5YnsNdaFw_-9-jP7lFeKfw8iNufj97_yq/s640/chartreuse.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Off-white stucco with bright chartreuse trim</i></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg85XTwdV-kTySdlUaJT0Xkzd_2lIU_loNQTgUIevV4iJdxyv4BhDoDi7xQpzUZulyTLcZwGM2-bFeRSiT8tqyin8jqc5L_Qz6QmEtB9hDWDs6oHt8592HnfKHAscEXKsINlopuc6Xo85FY/s1600/orange.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg85XTwdV-kTySdlUaJT0Xkzd_2lIU_loNQTgUIevV4iJdxyv4BhDoDi7xQpzUZulyTLcZwGM2-bFeRSiT8tqyin8jqc5L_Qz6QmEtB9hDWDs6oHt8592HnfKHAscEXKsINlopuc6Xo85FY/s640/orange.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Orange doors and trim</i></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBJwou5ocCWZZBdSdwTF8FrQn0rJb3MLP84nowHWMlV0d6byWln7Qz924ZktXsGAWQoc3mhq_KhSuniebzjHsTx7PK18dJKIJXnbeovHBb6FL2AnAvbiT1JF92wOj31vBC1-fiskR4vEJQ/s1600/green.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBJwou5ocCWZZBdSdwTF8FrQn0rJb3MLP84nowHWMlV0d6byWln7Qz924ZktXsGAWQoc3mhq_KhSuniebzjHsTx7PK18dJKIJXnbeovHBb6FL2AnAvbiT1JF92wOj31vBC1-fiskR4vEJQ/s640/green.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Pale green stucco, orange doors and trim, white windows</i></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbuy7tndWiLMq-5oPBg_SNg-r-7kvelnDjh7Ur0bYmN0XvUY33_tbUOaEak4hU1lEs_EZCUk1dvxDQikdYGX8Nl-BMBHV_a5eLNph8Eb0oOcHvH4PtfXo2HTddBmTOGI81YHRlUEFOc42K/s1600/gray.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbuy7tndWiLMq-5oPBg_SNg-r-7kvelnDjh7Ur0bYmN0XvUY33_tbUOaEak4hU1lEs_EZCUk1dvxDQikdYGX8Nl-BMBHV_a5eLNph8Eb0oOcHvH4PtfXo2HTddBmTOGI81YHRlUEFOc42K/s640/gray.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Gray stucco, olive woodwork, white windows, plum doors, pale green fences</i></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK3oJdyBxZlllWKTRJ2d9y6O9uDctMSZFuFWoA4gCrSVj_calTXaxlLcpYXzOguCzRx-uQqdcp8ODUkpl7g_3qYT1c8DzYRWUfC7RgZsZNJJerrwfbRU9z8Je0UzzS3BbuLiaUw_AR_WG7/s1600/tan+16.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK3oJdyBxZlllWKTRJ2d9y6O9uDctMSZFuFWoA4gCrSVj_calTXaxlLcpYXzOguCzRx-uQqdcp8ODUkpl7g_3qYT1c8DzYRWUfC7RgZsZNJJerrwfbRU9z8Je0UzzS3BbuLiaUw_AR_WG7/s640/tan+16.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Light tan stucco, deeper brown trim, white doors and windows on this transitional style</i></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4_EEr6BMCzAZAaEoc5mucyD8_kIm1iYj93MfF6bwM6tRkQBVQEdMdegIPj2aH-T1RSM7uhDPw69y99srLWPoYFhSbCVaFSFY-uAkkZWFGH1zGnoXftUW494H5WfgLXCfBH_vP5JOO_xZz/s1600/olive.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4_EEr6BMCzAZAaEoc5mucyD8_kIm1iYj93MfF6bwM6tRkQBVQEdMdegIPj2aH-T1RSM7uhDPw69y99srLWPoYFhSbCVaFSFY-uAkkZWFGH1zGnoXftUW494H5WfgLXCfBH_vP5JOO_xZz/s640/olive.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Off-white stucco, olive trim, putty colored doors and windows</i></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh8w4v7YUBaWQjTfD9Pb3elC-sKnKbx4UfnN8-PcC1RrAOklI5XXS_Ka_pQsUP4vbwFcl7mgtl_z5DcT_FXIefXp8W2wIDUSv1PZJuWzEOdD7bX6Rr9Q69OEk6HSSNwrS20_qWhVWbIKMt/s1600/gear+oil.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh8w4v7YUBaWQjTfD9Pb3elC-sKnKbx4UfnN8-PcC1RrAOklI5XXS_Ka_pQsUP4vbwFcl7mgtl_z5DcT_FXIefXp8W2wIDUSv1PZJuWzEOdD7bX6Rr9Q69OEk6HSSNwrS20_qWhVWbIKMt/s640/gear+oil.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Off-white stucco, three shades of brown for trim; pale gray-green fences</i></b></td></tr>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The majority of the buildings were painted off-white, with neutral shades of tan and gray for balconies and trim. Doors and windows were painted more vibrant shades, such as orange, burgundy, olive or yellow-green. A few light-colored stuccos were introduced, including pale shades of green, gray, and tan. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaBR85Lcf_eqNX-boO2R1boTDmu507lCkt-5hwt-u9AxSTHpc2Q_2t4H09WEumU5jN-4RNk7SLkBTO9rZ_EgjU5qyvst-hQPdNC9q5f12zg4hbb1cvoEx0bmQqKpYDG35VA2bRIxxsZ1xO/s1600/2003+garage.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaBR85Lcf_eqNX-boO2R1boTDmu507lCkt-5hwt-u9AxSTHpc2Q_2t4H09WEumU5jN-4RNk7SLkBTO9rZ_EgjU5qyvst-hQPdNC9q5f12zg4hbb1cvoEx0bmQqKpYDG35VA2bRIxxsZ1xO/s640/2003+garage.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Garage structure gray-green; garage doors olive</i></b></td></tr>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">GARAGE COURTS: </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Garage bodies were painted a pale gray-green, and the garage doors a light shade of olive green for contrast. These light colors harmonized with the fence colors, bringing the design of Garage Courts back into a harmonious ensemble, rather than a jumble of bland, disjointed colors that did not coordinate.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Fences were painted uniformly a pale grayish green - different than garage buildings - but in harmony with the overall scheme. This unified the look of the Garage Court areas and complemented the building colors, while giving homeowners a light neutral green which worked well with any patio furniture or decoration. The Design Review Committee had a set of stencils created for the address numbers, which mimicked the “Streamline Modern” style on the front porch lights. Addresses were once again stenciled onto the fences.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTyR3uPlrJWqUAlnYtP7YpH5hYdtDrE-O31mLioGFSK6CVW_NQegNb9683A624IJaE4-fXqzlifSNURDQMSLZmzRaqMiaEXa03LTPddkDubJb0SbNTqkobH9x9Y8FbZoaT0JT9KPpcMqoK/s1600/layers.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTyR3uPlrJWqUAlnYtP7YpH5hYdtDrE-O31mLioGFSK6CVW_NQegNb9683A624IJaE4-fXqzlifSNURDQMSLZmzRaqMiaEXa03LTPddkDubJb0SbNTqkobH9x9Y8FbZoaT0JT9KPpcMqoK/s640/layers.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>The layers unearthed during repainting. 1941 layer is apricot; 1946 layer is chartreuse; medium blue later, followed by two layers of beige</i></b></td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 24px;"><b>2007 – Present: Return to an Historic Paint Palette</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">HISTORIC PALETTE RESEARCHED AND APPROVED</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">After the Village Green became a National Historic Landmark in <personname w:st="on">J</personname>anuary 2001, the Board of Directors voted to adopt the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Around 2005, the Design Review Committee realized that the new palette being used, though successful, was somewhat limited because of the emphasis on white stucco buildings. Some residents were initially wary of colored stucco, but after seeing a few buildings painted with colored stucco, trepidation turned to enthusiasm, and the DRC realized there were not enough choices to meet the demand. Also, the predominance of very bright accent colors began to become more of a pronounced feature in the landscape than was originally planned, and was ultimately thought by some to compete with the landscape.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZqRBZIusSKZZz1f6UrfWGwc90OPUeeVkR3BLkJfrz4rC9ISsNJLcREB1Q2crgrNWk-AKfDZY0-BnY8scVqBb2u9FADp3HTzJS-x82ge9Kenq050huCno42NSnhL_-cMYw0yQgct9e8qDZ/s1600/clubhouse.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZqRBZIusSKZZz1f6UrfWGwc90OPUeeVkR3BLkJfrz4rC9ISsNJLcREB1Q2crgrNWk-AKfDZY0-BnY8scVqBb2u9FADp3HTzJS-x82ge9Kenq050huCno42NSnhL_-cMYw0yQgct9e8qDZ/s640/clubhouse.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>1941 apricot paint exposed after power-washing the old Clubhouse building</i></b></td></tr>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In doing research, the two original palettes designed by the architects were documented. The question then became which of the historic palettes would be the most appropriate treatment for the present day? </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The National Park Service’s Preservation Brief 10, “Exterior Paint Problems on Historic Woodwork,” does not provide much information on historic paint colors, but does say: “If the decision to repaint is made, the ‘new’ color or colors should, at a minimum, be appropriate to the style and setting of the building. On the other hand, where the intent is to restore or accurately reproduce the colors originally used or those from a significant period in the building's evolution, they should be based on the results of a paint analysis.”</span></span><br />
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</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">For exteriors, the Standards also recommend “Reproducing the appearance of historic paint colors and finishes based on physical and documentary evidence,” but say that “Using paint colors that cannot be documented through research and investigation to be appropriate to the building or using other documented finishes” is not recommended.</span></span><br />
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</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Preservation Brief 28, “Painting Historic Interiors,” describes the process of choosing a historic paint treatment in more detail. There are three treatment types that may be undertaken at an historic property: Preservation, Rehabilitation, or Restoration. Preservation Brief 28 says:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">“First, it is most important to understand the range of approaches and treatments and to make choices with as much knowledge of the original and subsequent historic paints as possible, using the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties as a framework.”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 7.5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">“In a restoration project, the goal is to depict the property as it appeared during its period of greatest significance. This may or may not be the time of its original construction. For example, if a building dated from 1900 but historians deemed its significance to be the 1920s, the appropriate paint color match would be the 1920s layer, not the original 1900 layer. Based on historical research, onsite collection of paint samples, and laboratory analysis, surface colors and treatments can be recreated to reflect the property at a particular period of time. It should be noted that scholarly findings may yield a color scheme that is not suited to the taste of the contemporary owner, but is nonetheless historically accurate. In restoration, personal taste in color is not at issue; the evidence should be strictly followed.”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 7.5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqDgrLnpYsFK_cLaifuydEchZSgiIp1i1jJeHwsyiGQU9wS6hFZQ-fR3nobCIqvfOIIa04yILDNr0Ff4biaWKFN66EEBjEpakjJWc13B1Zz7D3e2n76E61LfGCM2nsAkip0Cg7He6RNcTf/s1600/tan+temp.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqDgrLnpYsFK_cLaifuydEchZSgiIp1i1jJeHwsyiGQU9wS6hFZQ-fR3nobCIqvfOIIa04yILDNr0Ff4biaWKFN66EEBjEpakjJWc13B1Zz7D3e2n76E61LfGCM2nsAkip0Cg7He6RNcTf/s640/tan+temp.jpg" width="480px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Color matching a 1941 paint layer using a current day Dunn Edwards fandeck. </i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Though the National Historic Landmark period of significance for Baldwin Hills Village is 1935-42, this timeframe does not take into account the wartime conditions under which the Village was completed, nor the many modifications introduced by the architects after living at Baldwin Hills Village. When the New England Mutual Life Insurance Company bought Baldwin Hills Village in 1949, the other elements originally planned by the architects to complete the community, according to Garden City principles—such as a school, shopping center, church and Movie Theater—were already in place or under construction. Other changes, such as the brick serpentine walls, doors on the garages, etc., also initiated by the architects, had been installed. That suggests that our period of significance may realistically extend to 1949. After 1949, the Insurance Company began to diminish many of the elements originally designed to foster community - removing playgrounds and tot lots, tennis and badminton courts and horseshoe pits - for increased parking. The community Clubhouse was turned into two large apartments during this phase. As these changes occurred, the number of children living in the Village decreased, and Baldwin Hills Village became a very different place than the utopian community designed for progressive middle-income families.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In a letter dated May 10, 1990 in the Village Green archives, architect Robert Alexander describes changes he observed during a recent visit, and made a number of suggestions. In addition to recommendations regarding the landscape and some minor architectural details, Alexander felt that paint colors should be “kept to subdued earth colors,” but that contrast could be introduced “without bloodshed” by the introduction of off-white. He also believed that the “original forest-green color” [sic] on the garages “was pleasing.” This in essence describes the post-war palette.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The reasons the architects in 1946 chose the limited, more organic earth and nature-inspired palette were still true in 2005 — probably even more so. The post-war palette was designed to create a more restful, serene, and integrated environment that allowed the landscape to predominate, but did not diminish the architecture.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">After much research, analysis and deliberation, a decision was made by the Design Review Committee, and approved by the Board in 2007 to adopt the 1946 color palette and paint application style as the most appropriate scheme overall for the Village Green going forward.</span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4i7DIbwIQ3hG9Yb8rEGdZxmB1FusQAZfWv2fKfhVCbVtmUlvhk8pWbTCYHtH9fcwgYChk2mOvRMMw7nK9TKA2JpxHyx6VLrLaGwCYoU11XNAbHYld8zK-HP8Z0HQHUWOuXtzdXzWjEgAE/s1600/admin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4i7DIbwIQ3hG9Yb8rEGdZxmB1FusQAZfWv2fKfhVCbVtmUlvhk8pWbTCYHtH9fcwgYChk2mOvRMMw7nK9TKA2JpxHyx6VLrLaGwCYoU11XNAbHYld8zK-HP8Z0HQHUWOuXtzdXzWjEgAE/s640/admin.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>During the repaint of the old Administration Building (now our Clubhouse/Office), the paint supervisor<br />
Alex matched the pale green 1941 layer, and the subsequent 1946 tobacco leaf brown layer.</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">As each building is being prepared for painting, several steps are taken to analyze and document the paint colors originally used. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">First, any documents, photographs, articles, etc. are examined, and anything relevant is noted—how the paint was placed on the building historically, for example, or what colors were used. </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Next, power-washing the building itself reveals a variety of colors used throughout the years. The initial 1941 layer of paint is carefully matched to current-day Dunn-Edwards stock colors. The second 1946 layer (and sometimes one subsequent layer, should it change) is also matched. While this is not a truly scientific approach to paint sample analysis, the Dunn-Edwards production colors are remarkably close to the historic colors, and our talented paint supervisor assists in the color matching process. </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Each layer on the building is then photographed with the Dunn-Edwards paint chip, and the Building’s number and location documented, as is the paint placement on the building.</span></li>
</ul><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In keeping with the National Park Service recommendation that “documenting the sequence of paint layers and protecting this information for future investigation should be an integral part of any historic preservation project,” as research is done on the buildings at Baldwin Hills Village, new layers of paint are applied on the stabilized and properly prepared old paint. The historic paint layers are not disturbed, so that future researchers can study them.</span><br />
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</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The Historic Structure Report, which was completed in 2010, recommends hiring a historic paint consultant to scientifically and accurately analyze the historic paint colors, to ensure an identical match. That would be the next step in this process.</span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGo3mxQow9llvi4DQ6Sv2O7mCKNlUUTt40t7ZklS2Fc1qVeFgFCEkCR86fKNCqfYhPqvkw5hvSy-IupQzUzv3DiAso4zICbzryb1KXmGB7cLpRZKIrypOHSUH01PZOPTbbRuyZWioBsSZs/s1600/tobacco.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGo3mxQow9llvi4DQ6Sv2O7mCKNlUUTt40t7ZklS2Fc1qVeFgFCEkCR86fKNCqfYhPqvkw5hvSy-IupQzUzv3DiAso4zICbzryb1KXmGB7cLpRZKIrypOHSUH01PZOPTbbRuyZWioBsSZs/s640/tobacco.jpg" width="480px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Historical Paint Palette - Tobacco Leaf Brown</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQOhGnyg4bbG8woMvUXFLXH0TzM0ySyGd4DltBGUMVnHWknFhQx6dd-RKP3aq3xYz6Om3zSd9wM_c62aMMUaYhmmIuReecAmsD0yysMqCjQC34C57VBAi1DUtNnLzik67jwQ8rmXamA1bH/s1600/garage.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQOhGnyg4bbG8woMvUXFLXH0TzM0ySyGd4DltBGUMVnHWknFhQx6dd-RKP3aq3xYz6Om3zSd9wM_c62aMMUaYhmmIuReecAmsD0yysMqCjQC34C57VBAi1DUtNnLzik67jwQ8rmXamA1bH/s640/garage.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Garages painted using the Historical Paint Palette. This scheme was designed so that the garage buildings<br />
would become more unobtrusive, and blend more harmoniously into the landscape</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHSpzWz-zFB1UOg0do2VcuIgxVhmPuzp0-lnyf0nNX1V9CgY_fVSzQFql_R-wgzJMiL7miQ6KYqjrrKV7Ramu5-9ANL8Q4Vo4juA1Qn4z15IpQNr_b30fb5lr_ch8OBmpm6HXjlHaxt31V/s1600/tobacco.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHSpzWz-zFB1UOg0do2VcuIgxVhmPuzp0-lnyf0nNX1V9CgY_fVSzQFql_R-wgzJMiL7miQ6KYqjrrKV7Ramu5-9ANL8Q4Vo4juA1Qn4z15IpQNr_b30fb5lr_ch8OBmpm6HXjlHaxt31V/s640/tobacco.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Historical Paint Palette - Two-toned Tobacco Leaf Brown and Off-white</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM63_rtV4c1CHSsXQASvUpqCA0SQNwReWK_hroWJDqi0L6i4IbN4tDcPh4x6clIq2W-s-cwVmfpsJb3qiNj1PwbCTKK_PqrMJ_wtfDmEkCJtSk7R8W1ejPTW7uxstJkwo75qE6cSLlDKsA/s1600/light+gray.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM63_rtV4c1CHSsXQASvUpqCA0SQNwReWK_hroWJDqi0L6i4IbN4tDcPh4x6clIq2W-s-cwVmfpsJb3qiNj1PwbCTKK_PqrMJ_wtfDmEkCJtSk7R8W1ejPTW7uxstJkwo75qE6cSLlDKsA/s640/light+gray.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Historical Paint Palette - Deep Blue-gray and Off-white</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7EdnV_APFKi8IQ2xplR8J04zhbdw4Ze-sbC4he0nRwnqYByEkkObBb7QQrPpzabfEfN5FHstEdgXm-JFF5f7ib-uoKmjgmpRn8-5Xzp5_CAmzGWeusXlr5AzbOWrhRSJiAtNoadSTfjtf/s1600/chartreuse.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7EdnV_APFKi8IQ2xplR8J04zhbdw4Ze-sbC4he0nRwnqYByEkkObBb7QQrPpzabfEfN5FHstEdgXm-JFF5f7ib-uoKmjgmpRn8-5Xzp5_CAmzGWeusXlr5AzbOWrhRSJiAtNoadSTfjtf/s640/chartreuse.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Historical Paint Palette - Muted Chartreuse and Off-white</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOygcqm5nate80JMT2_4YEyD5Ilh4hcoux37YQxqcwobaH8MTft2-mKgv2ceGc8lEmHGmtjjvkod1PZD-SeCubEh0wQ45BH0Utb4JysFKAIFeLSfvdOntttCEtQuOUnhRsdLkW_AyOjowC/s1600/tan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOygcqm5nate80JMT2_4YEyD5Ilh4hcoux37YQxqcwobaH8MTft2-mKgv2ceGc8lEmHGmtjjvkod1PZD-SeCubEh0wQ45BH0Utb4JysFKAIFeLSfvdOntttCEtQuOUnhRsdLkW_AyOjowC/s640/tan.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Historical Paint Palette - Two-toned Tan and Off-white</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggddk8posscK-0pw847SswYXRSJyRIqxyhHNTYVk_uiiLasXlP8_z6_1PKLOzYAo1CwvbPdNFli91NyfqdHruDHQxUNmZl0yaOU2SPHizK_dshPW7FmQ4_dyGROgltIHu7HzS74xdkN4OD/s1600/mythical.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggddk8posscK-0pw847SswYXRSJyRIqxyhHNTYVk_uiiLasXlP8_z6_1PKLOzYAo1CwvbPdNFli91NyfqdHruDHQxUNmZl0yaOU2SPHizK_dshPW7FmQ4_dyGROgltIHu7HzS74xdkN4OD/s640/mythical.jpg" width="640px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Historical Paint Palette - Medium Blue</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><b><i><br />
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<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div id="edn1" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/BALDWIN%20HILLS%20VILLAGE%20PAINT%20blog.doc#_ednref1" name="_edn1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">[i]</span></span></span></a> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;">Jess (<personname w:st="on">J</personname>.E.) Stanton is sometimes listed as an architect at Parklabrea (which also opened in 1943), a large-scale community in Los Angeles which shares some attributes with Baldwin Hills Village. He more than likely served as color consultant on the project. In 1941, Stanton served as “color consultant” to the Kearny Mesa defense housing project near San Diego. Jess Stanton later worked on the design of the Los Angeles County Courthouse and Hall of Administration with Adrian Wilson, brother of Baldwin Hills Village architect Lewis Wilson. He also designed Parker Center (completed 1955), the LAPD headquarters with Welton Beckett, and the Honnold Library at Claremont College.</span></div><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><br />
</div></div><div id="edn2" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/BALDWIN%20HILLS%20VILLAGE%20PAINT%20blog.doc#_ednref2" name="_edn2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[ii]</span></span></a> Business Week, Issues 383-408, p. 285, 1937. </span></div><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><br />
</div></div><div id="edn3" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/BALDWIN%20HILLS%20VILLAGE%20PAINT%20blog.doc#_ednref3" name="_edn3" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[iii]</span></span></a> Neuhaus, Eugen. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Art of Treasure Island: First-hand Impressions of the Architecture, Sculpture, Landscape Design, Color Effects, Mural Decorations, Illumination, and Other Artistic Aspects of the Golden Gate International Exposition of 1939</i>, University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 1939</span></div><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;">Eugen Neuhaus was BHV Landscape Architect Fred Barlow, Jr.’s art teacher at Berkeley.</span></div><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><br />
</div></div><div id="edn4" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/BALDWIN%20HILLS%20VILLAGE%20PAINT%20blog.doc#_ednref4" name="_edn4" style="mso-endnote-id: edn4;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[iv]</span></span></a> Business Week, Issues 383-408, p. 285, 1937</span></div><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><br />
</div></div><div id="edn5" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/BALDWIN%20HILLS%20VILLAGE%20PAINT%20blog.doc#_ednref5" name="_edn5" style="mso-endnote-id: edn5;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[v]</span></span></a> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Almanac for Thirty- Niners;Compiled by the Workers of the Federal Writers' Project of the Works Progress Administration in The City of San Francisco, 1938, Stanford University.</span></i><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></div></div><div id="edn6" style="mso-element: endnote;"><h1><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/BALDWIN%20HILLS%20VILLAGE%20PAINT%20blog.doc#_ednref6" name="_edn6" style="mso-endnote-id: edn6;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[vi]</span></span></span></a><span style="font-weight: normal;"> Ibid</span></span></h1></div><div id="edn7" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/BALDWIN%20HILLS%20VILLAGE%20PAINT%20blog.doc#_ednref7" name="_edn7" style="mso-endnote-id: edn7;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[vii]</span></span></a> “The Villager” newsletter; Vol 1, No 10 – December 15, 1943</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;">VILLAGERS AFFORDED MANY RECREATIONAL FACILITIES FOR THEIR EXCLUSIVE USE</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;">“New life injected into our community activities by the thorough organization of the The Villagers into various action groups throws a strong spotlight on the many splendid recreational facilities provided by the BHV management. Numerous Villagers have enjoyed the advantages provided for the exclusive use of tenants of this deluxe apartment development. Such features include the four fine tennis courts, our free bus service, The Clubhouse with its well furnished meeting rooms, library ping pong and pool tables, bridge tables and sun patio, badminton and croquet courts, the nursery school, maid service, telephone switch boards, and the administration building to care for tenants needs. In addition, there are the landscaped surroundings, lawns and play yards, the walks and open vistas, and similar attractions found in no like area anywhere”</span></div><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><br />
</div></div><div id="edn8" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/BALDWIN%20HILLS%20VILLAGE%20PAINT%20blog.doc#_ednref8" name="_edn8" style="mso-endnote-id: edn8;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[viii]</span></span></a> <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[viii]</span></span> “The Villager” newsletter; Vol 4, No 7 – <personname w:st="on">J</personname>uly 1, 1946</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;">STATEMENT OF POLICY NO 5 – GARAGE DOORS</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;">“It is the desire of the owners of BHV to cooperate as much as possible with all tenants requesting doors on their garages. Due to the shortage of lumber, it has been impossible for many months to fill requests for these doors. However, the garage door company has just informed us that they will have sufficient lumber within the next few weeks to install all of the extra doors on order and a few extra. Tenants who desire a door on their garage are requested to call Mrs. <personname w:st="on">J</personname>ennings at the Administration building. The charge for a door is $1.00 per month.”</span></div><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><br />
</div></div><div id="edn9" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/BALDWIN%20HILLS%20VILLAGE%20PAINT%20blog.doc#_ednref9" name="_edn9" style="mso-endnote-id: edn9;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[ix]</span></span></a> Some 8x8 linoleum tile floors have been uncovered, and appear to be original, but no contemporary documentation has been found so far. </span></div><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><br />
</div></div><div id="edn10" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/BALDWIN%20HILLS%20VILLAGE%20PAINT%20blog.doc#_ednref10" name="_edn10" style="mso-endnote-id: edn10;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[x]</span></span></a> From “The Villager” newsletter; Vol 4, No 3 – March 1, 1946</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;">LANDSCAPING</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;">“Beginning on March first, a program will be started to overcome landscape deficiencies caused by wartime shortages and to restore the grounds of the Village to their originally planned attractiveness. Some areas will receive almost complete renovation while others will require only spot treatment. It is expected that this work will extend over many months.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"> Because it is necessary to include all areas of the Village in this program, it will be necessary to discontinue victory gardens within the Village grounds, (except within the walled-in patios of individual apartments).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"> Since gardeners may start immediately to spade up and replant such areas with ground covering or shrubbery, Villagers are requested to remove to their patios, at their earliest convenience any plantings, vegetables, flowers, stakes, fences, etc which they may wish to salvage from plots which were used as wartime victory gardens.”</span></div><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><br />
</div></div><div id="edn11" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/BALDWIN%20HILLS%20VILLAGE%20PAINT%20blog.doc#_ednref11" name="_edn11" style="mso-endnote-id: edn11;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[xi]</span></span></a> Due to Wartime restrictions, the paint available was inferior, and the buildings quickly faded and oxidized. A DuPont “War Emergency Duco” paint brochure from 1945 states that “War Emergency Duco will not give the same durability out of doors as did the original Duco.”</span></div><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><br />
</div></div><div id="edn12" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/BALDWIN%20HILLS%20VILLAGE%20PAINT%20blog.doc#_ednref12" name="_edn12" style="mso-endnote-id: edn12;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[xii]</span></span></a> In analysis done recently, it appears that three buildings - 51, 72 and 74 - had more than two colors. Building 74’s main stucco body was a deep medium blue, while the brick bungalow ends were deep tobacco leaf brown. Doors, windows, balconies and trim were off-white. Building 51 used a deep bluish-green for the blue of building 74, retaining the brown bungalows and white trim.</span></div><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><br />
</div></div></div></div>Steven Keylonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11162895111618226987noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-478449696602390151.post-37697093473357277042011-08-01T13:59:00.000-07:002011-08-01T16:25:04.609-07:00"Since the Summer of '42 - Reminiscences of the War Years"<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDZQrcEs2lThL0ArfXpBxHM_djYonBZa5cDukyrPsSXII01CmZ8T3i26yhySzO5y3h_-f3TIhl4bE9AoQhYoq_wmxIjmRfuuZ0PM5Y2Dc741zMDhgO_25CBGDKZPRklwOQXshAhD_54LlY/s1600/1924+aerial.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="514" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDZQrcEs2lThL0ArfXpBxHM_djYonBZa5cDukyrPsSXII01CmZ8T3i26yhySzO5y3h_-f3TIhl4bE9AoQhYoq_wmxIjmRfuuZ0PM5Y2Dc741zMDhgO_25CBGDKZPRklwOQXshAhD_54LlY/s640/1924+aerial.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>An aerial photograph from 1924 shows the Baldwin Hills, with Los Angeles in the distance.<br />
The Culver City Speedway is in the foreground.<br />
LAPL</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="WordSection1"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i> This article is reprinted from a 1975 Village Green newsletter, and was written by Helen Spears (who told her fascinating story of the Baldwin Hills Dam disaster <a href="http://baldwinhillsvillageandthevillagegreen.blogspot.com/2011/03/baldwin-hills-dam-breaks-december-14.html">here</a>).</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i> Helen P. Spears married Weldon T. "Doc" Spears in Los Angeles in 1936. "Doc" was a teacher of Social Science at John C. Fremont High School. </i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i> They moved into a two bedroom townhouse (called a "studio" then) at 5482 Village Green in the summer of 1942, next door to lead architect Reginald D. Johnson. Helen and Doc continued to live at 5482 for decades - Helen stayed on after her husband died in 1987; she died in 1996.</i></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>SINCE THE SUMMER OF '42</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">It was always a welcome sight, coming south on La Brea, to reach <st1:street w:st="on"><st1:address w:st="on"><st1:personname w:st="on">J</st1:personname>efferson Boulevard</st1:address></st1:street>, where the uncluttered vista of the great open fields </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">below the Baldwin Hills gave one a real out in the country feeling.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The Sunset Golf Course stretched to the east, with almost no through streets between La Brea and Crenshaw. In fact, there was no <st1:placename w:st="on">Crenshaw</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Center</st1:placetype>, no Rancho Cienega playground, no <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Dorsey</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">High School</st1:placetype></st1:place>. Only a few homes occupied the far eastern end of the Baldwin Hills. Most was open space, a reminder of horseback rides on horses from the Sunset Stables – near the location of the now-building <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Fox</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Hills</st1:placetype> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Plaza</st1:placetype></st1:place>.</span><br />
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</span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMKfbNWAghn5aecOYt8CjAXlqrY1ueIKqq-tD3KH5FIbnLzFhKI6ovKwXPp40IwBkMU7O7t8MIirShAmLq9YxjqaNWxhGeP70ClWqfpkLwMCaNUtBSqX0WYZhgVYT2wOdlEBd-AkUkLOTm/s1600/baldwin+hills+57.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="505" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMKfbNWAghn5aecOYt8CjAXlqrY1ueIKqq-tD3KH5FIbnLzFhKI6ovKwXPp40IwBkMU7O7t8MIirShAmLq9YxjqaNWxhGeP70ClWqfpkLwMCaNUtBSqX0WYZhgVYT2wOdlEBd-AkUkLOTm/s640/baldwin+hills+57.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>A photograph taken in 1924, looking south towards the Baldwin Hills. The Heinz 57 concrete numbers are<br />
visible on the side of the Baldwin Hills.<br />
LAPL</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The immense old white concrete number “57” advertising the famous pickle-maker was visible from most of the <st1:place w:st="on">West Adams</st1:place> district.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div></div><div class="WordSection3"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">This day, however, there was a mist; an acrid smell assailed one’s nostrils. For days, the peat beds in the area had been burning underground. The fire department had worked diligently to douse the stubborn smoldering, to no avail. Now, according to the news, they would try a new approach – dynamite.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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</span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl4yHLbybwzBcFNRzDc_xXz_9Ffz7CtEqky7tGyWnqqayCVVZQxXDYXyM-UYP3TOpicF__NFx4ONdUQb-OM8VtHdnwtr181TLK009uXfayUEXuSdX-UPPlEiIZBUAB-N2_PzmVR5TKPFec/s1600/peat+fire+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="358" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl4yHLbybwzBcFNRzDc_xXz_9Ffz7CtEqky7tGyWnqqayCVVZQxXDYXyM-UYP3TOpicF__NFx4ONdUQb-OM8VtHdnwtr181TLK009uXfayUEXuSdX-UPPlEiIZBUAB-N2_PzmVR5TKPFec/s640/peat+fire+2.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Workers dig trenches to combat the Baldwin Hills peat fire of 1927</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">To the west another great open space stretched toward the sea. A meadowlark burst into song, welcoming the morning with liquid notes.</span><br />
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</span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV7JNpk2dIhmqjEvHKX9ZIrXo_YL556WTuFOp0koC87PKVwe1zimMYKM8SRYo7oTcZkX5qYz2RP-6nGgKUFtGAlPB1PYd5Hyp4AiPOdWdxEx5tme53MKlode-HcMeSglJ6fsA0ZwSHWFjx/s1600/baldwin+hills+oils.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="514" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV7JNpk2dIhmqjEvHKX9ZIrXo_YL556WTuFOp0koC87PKVwe1zimMYKM8SRYo7oTcZkX5qYz2RP-6nGgKUFtGAlPB1PYd5Hyp4AiPOdWdxEx5tme53MKlode-HcMeSglJ6fsA0ZwSHWFjx/s640/baldwin+hills+oils.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Aerial photograph taken looking west towards Culver City and the Pacific Ocean, <br />
showing the oil wells atop the Baldwin Hills, circa 1939.<br />
"Dick" Whittington Photo Collection, USC.</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The two-lane winding road through the hills pulled one back to the business at hand, watching for slow vehicles ahead.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The years passed and then one day a great crew began to lay out a tremendous project near the hills. Apartment buildings took form, nestlin<st1:personname w:st="on">g c</st1:personname>lose to the land and becoming part of it. Their colors were soft pastels and they continued to appear for several blocks west of Sycamore.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The year was 1941.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">As the structures were completed, signs announced that <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Baldwin</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Hills</st1:placetype> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Village</st1:placetype></st1:place> was ready for occupancy.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In the summer of 1942 (not the movie of a similar name), a youn<st1:personname w:st="on">g c</st1:personname>ouple came to see what was happening – and went away starry-eyed with a brochure and a list of prices: one bedroom, upstairs, $47.50; two bedrooms, downstairs, $51.50; two bedroom studio with bath and a half, $57.50.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Pushed into action by the famous and mysterious <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Los Angeles</st1:city></st1:place> air raid, replete with wardens, sirens and anti-aircraft fire, and by the threat of a call to military service, the two moved into a studio apartment on the west green. The month was August.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The new residents were delighted! There were tennis courts, a badminton court at the back door, telephones connected to a central switchboard (private telephones were already a war casualty), and maid service for less than a dollar an hour by arrangement with the management.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqGFXQM9IWY5-hK-f2IvUocF4OJhzHAfmK-XNRZid3HqDgx68fUFOLwf5aTSdApB4ERbYrN1PT1IJe_tS8paAIHRwkORlwFQI-zhf9qdqhYI2cCxdKeOApY45pRjNdCeEeIDGoZ4N2xRil/s1600/olive+allee.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="384" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqGFXQM9IWY5-hK-f2IvUocF4OJhzHAfmK-XNRZid3HqDgx68fUFOLwf5aTSdApB4ERbYrN1PT1IJe_tS8paAIHRwkORlwFQI-zhf9qdqhYI2cCxdKeOApY45pRjNdCeEeIDGoZ4N2xRil/s640/olive+allee.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>These 30 year old olive tree specimens, between courts 2 and 3, were given to Baldwin Hills Village<br />
as a gift from the estate of Anita Baldwin.<br />
Margaret Lowe photograph, LAPL</i></b></td></tr>
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In addition, they enjoyed the view, the beautiful new landscape with specimen trees being added regularly, the very modern Electrolux gas refrigerator functioning silently and inexpensively, the large closets, the bath and a half, the quiet park-like atmosphere and anticipation of new neighbors. There was only one other occupant in the six-unit building. He was Reginald <st1:personname w:st="on">J</st1:personname>ohnson, principal architect, living temporarily in the end apartment durin<st1:personname w:st="on">g c</st1:personname>onstruction of the remainder of the village.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">To make matters even better there was natural air-conditioning, provided by the movement of sea air along the hills!<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><st1:personname w:st="on">J</st1:personname>ust behind the office, which has remained much the same in external appearance, was the clubhouse with its large hall, kitchen, billiard room and circulating library. The facility could be reserved for private parties. (It has now become two large apartments).</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEime4UkeS2ZWJ6qBjHSkUaDVxRdT3UtcMbQAkTwkoZGLcvwU2IGFfQhgKA5sGdkp6WOpgNrq8Aa3uHRwuKmor-Tq_pPFUTBC2tD2T7iFxe46E4cZzUCdqfklkFaNILeOYb8RxuvEE5gZh7t/s1600/wading.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEime4UkeS2ZWJ6qBjHSkUaDVxRdT3UtcMbQAkTwkoZGLcvwU2IGFfQhgKA5sGdkp6WOpgNrq8Aa3uHRwuKmor-Tq_pPFUTBC2tD2T7iFxe46E4cZzUCdqfklkFaNILeOYb8RxuvEE5gZh7t/s400/wading.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>The circular wading pool outside the Clubhouse.<br />
From Reginald D. Johnson's 1944 Kodachrome film,<br />
courtesy David Lebrun and Night Fire Films</i></b></td></tr>
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</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">A circular wading pool, now filled in and landscaped, enhanced the view toward the main green.</span></div></div><div class="WordSection4"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">A small newspaper kept residents informed of “happenings”.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Nearby on the east one building housed a small Thriftimart, a delightful little restaurant serving good home cooked meals to hungry Villagers, and a barber and beauty shop.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The Village station wagon, later to be replaced by a small bus, traveled around the perimeter once each hour to take residents to <st1:place w:st="on">West Adams</st1:place>, the nearest area for shopping, and it was free! It also connected with the La Brea bus, which did not travel this far south, and with the “<st1:personname w:st="on">J</st1:personname>” and “A” streetcars – long since extinct.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Every patio presently provided with a brick wall was then open, as were all garages. Later, both patio walls and garage doors could be installed on request by paying an increased rental.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The section for families with children was provided with several small playgrounds, and extended from Rodeo and Hauser on the north side to about midway in the Village.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">One night watchman patrolled the grounds – on foot.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Each laundry housed a single washing machine, though no clothes dryer – they had not come into general use, but drying yards were conveniently close at hand. Garbage cans were in concrete holes in the patios, and pick-up was provided.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">And then came November. The couple found that the move to <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Baldwin</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Hills</st1:placetype> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Village</st1:placetype></st1:place> had been made just in time. The man of the house was needed by the military and would be stationed at Santa Ana Army Air Base to take part in the training of Air Corps Cadets.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">He was not to come home to the Village for four years.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiB-NGRMmbA3-7px4hFdWWDwiYpMJWaGpaAk-6e7O6F8jTHaolnzv1dYjrT3SXJ06GKr1mBbgUeCB5UxaS0TyI1gYKQznSqwbI0MAZhTGOkmSBj11rsZCoOxzFQ4PyPZ-Fdlsm_k0S6D4i5/s1600/weldon.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiB-NGRMmbA3-7px4hFdWWDwiYpMJWaGpaAk-6e7O6F8jTHaolnzv1dYjrT3SXJ06GKr1mBbgUeCB5UxaS0TyI1gYKQznSqwbI0MAZhTGOkmSBj11rsZCoOxzFQ4PyPZ-Fdlsm_k0S6D4i5/s320/weldon.jpg" width="217" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Photo of Weldon "Doc" Spears from the<br />
1946 John C. Fremont High School yearbook</i></b></td></tr>
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<div class="WordSection5"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">REMINISCENCES – The War Years</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Across Coliseum the fields extending to the hills are plowed into great brown clods, soon to be worked and planted to beans as they are regularly. Dry farming by someone we never see continues.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">We tend Victory gardens along the south side of Coliseum, stretching hoses across from VG faucets, and are rewarded by the vigorous growth of bean, tomato, radish, onion, carrot, corn, turnip, beet, squash and lettuce plants.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Street and exterior lights have been painted, black above and translucent below to make the city’s glow less evident to approaching planes. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Everything takes on an eerie look at night – and there is total blackness during air raid alerts when window shades and draperies must be tightly drawn. We waited an alert at Santa Fe Springs for two hours last weekend, as we made our way home from <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Palm Springs</st1:city></st1:place>. This was a last fling, since now gas is to be rationed.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Car pooling becomes essential, and five of us destined for Washington High (three from the Village and two from the area north of here) are allotted enough gas coupons for five </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">round trips weekly. Personal needs are met from a small supplemental allowance for essential trips, to buy supplies, keep medical appointments, etc. To get a new tire the old one must be officially inspected, deemed irretrievable, and turned in. Obviously, we make no unnecessary trips.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Coffee, butter and sugar are now rationed, as well as meat. A lively exchange of ration stamps takes place among neighbors who have more than enough of one kind and too few of another. The debate is heated between producers of butter and margarine, as to whether the latter can be colored and packaged in four cubes to resemble butter, instead of the one pound white blocks we now buy, with the appearance of lard.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrHSInEnRtbiAlxsD7QYfG6lQCWAvjv7UHC9IXUf2-XWLVy48G1skAKFYdCubOc0xX1V1fkOPHFgZRIKK4OUfBIQURt49wZSmZVfFuz5kWslFDiK_BtdYGa4xiYNa99avuTyhwpOvaREda/s1600/three+feathers.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrHSInEnRtbiAlxsD7QYfG6lQCWAvjv7UHC9IXUf2-XWLVy48G1skAKFYdCubOc0xX1V1fkOPHFgZRIKK4OUfBIQURt49wZSmZVfFuz5kWslFDiK_BtdYGa4xiYNa99avuTyhwpOvaREda/s400/three+feathers.jpg" width="281" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Three Feathers, it leaves you GASPING!</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">We stand in long lines, hoping to obtain items in short supply. Scarce items are soon gone, with neighbors passing the word to each other when something becomes available. Paper towels, napkins, toilet paper and cigarettes, whole not rationed, are hard to find. We are learning to mix “Southern Comfort” in many innovative ways, and patiently queue up to buy “Three Feathers”, a bourbon which is supposed to tickle the palate. Instead, it “leaves you breathless” – GASPING! </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">We are in training for air raids, gas attacks, and other war emergencies. An actual submarine attack on oil wells and tanks along the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Ventura</st1:city></st1:place> coast has been reported. Barrage balloons go up nightly over war production plants as protection from low altitude bombing passes. Air raid wardens have been issued helmets, gas masks and fire extinguishers. A triangular metal dinner gong and ringer, like those used to summon ranch hands to meals, hangs under the eaves near the laundry room in each garage court.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTdIlobylRYQj8cf3cFY6PRjewsumXlt-d8jQcZ5-dPMorfbSgj6CbMvyF3adKtXizRcnqqvnDufEU6NtW3h2rmE0tH_6Vc9QTIjUzSfE5a3meXbXtg9SpSCtirJj5WhgRBa-7RrKiMJe5/s1600/gong.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTdIlobylRYQj8cf3cFY6PRjewsumXlt-d8jQcZ5-dPMorfbSgj6CbMvyF3adKtXizRcnqqvnDufEU6NtW3h2rmE0tH_6Vc9QTIjUzSfE5a3meXbXtg9SpSCtirJj5WhgRBa-7RrKiMJe5/s400/gong.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Dinner bells were provided in each garage court during World War II,<br />
and were to be used in case of emergencies.<br />
From Reginald D. Johnson's Kodachrome films,<br />
courtesy David Lebrun and Night Fire Films</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Many of us have taken a Red Cross first aid course, and have equipped ourselves with fire spray pumps inserted in buckets. We are instructed in putting out magnesium bomb fires with this apparatus, filled with water. We have made and stored soda-gauze masks to moisten and wear if poisonous gas comes, and have stored supplies of food, water and first aid materials. When sirens signal a black-out we fill the bath tub with water.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The anti-aircraft battery on the crest of the hill west of the <st1:street w:st="on"><st1:address w:st="on">Hauser Blvd.</st1:address></st1:street> power line is on regular alert. Soldiers practice in loud and, we hope, efficient manner. When not so occupied they relax in their ready room, and are paged by bull-horn or buzzer to receive phone calls in a booth installed toward the Village. They are popular neighbors, and are invited to the homes of villagers. In December they planted a small Christmas tree, which can still be seen if one looks carefully.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgK061AYSXuGUs8kKqHA8RyUuSUIrMr4z7W9G1474ZjJiJuYXdziIlRLBDuk7MSoLTTu_Yrq4RHqhPBBGIdTExwd4_UsBGRnNqdZ-gr_XaZvNkuvd7YJ_MFqRBdY056rA0NJ1E8Xy5GmNyL/s1600/phone.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgK061AYSXuGUs8kKqHA8RyUuSUIrMr4z7W9G1474ZjJiJuYXdziIlRLBDuk7MSoLTTu_Yrq4RHqhPBBGIdTExwd4_UsBGRnNqdZ-gr_XaZvNkuvd7YJ_MFqRBdY056rA0NJ1E8Xy5GmNyL/s400/phone.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Only the very first residents of Baldwin Hills Village were able<br />
to get private telephone lines. Most residents were required to use<br />
a switchboard service, located in the Administration Building, until private<br />
telephones were once again available beginning in 1946.<br />
From Reginald D. Johnson's Kodachrome films,<br />
courtesy David Lebrun and Night Fire Films</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The Village switchboard is loaded to capacity, and pay phone booths have been installed at strategic locations around the Village. No private phones are available for civilians. Rents in the Village are frozen, as they are throughout the country. Prices and wages are also under strict controls. More and more items, including black pepper, cinnamon and rubber goods, are becoming scarce or unavailable. Some Village apartments were finished without sealer coats under the paint, and plumbing pipes under sinks lack the chrome finish.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The first Liberty Ship, the Fremont, is launched at the Calship yard in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Wilmington</st1:city></st1:place>, and we are thrilled to receive tickets to attend. In the Village as in the general population most men are under 18 or over 45, excepting essential war workers. “They’re Either Too Young or Too Old” is the day’s hit song. Women work in the plants and shipyards, and the village has its fair share of “Rosie the Riveters”. They have adopted slacks, never to be given up, as standard attire, and kerchief bandanas, to keep their hair from bein<st1:personname w:st="on">g c</st1:personname>aught in the machinery.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWsfHgFcz6S-c_k17MqIOlSzpq23-F_VKzPuO_aYaTduf_QnoMO22aeIr1D9DxnPQLtp9hGxdpLRJZ-kp0lPCriKWZDletsF-pxw8SrQH8QXhJhMS-Q7Bg81ogv4BRHbzD83LpVE31XU2Q/s1600/Rosie.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWsfHgFcz6S-c_k17MqIOlSzpq23-F_VKzPuO_aYaTduf_QnoMO22aeIr1D9DxnPQLtp9hGxdpLRJZ-kp0lPCriKWZDletsF-pxw8SrQH8QXhJhMS-Q7Bg81ogv4BRHbzD83LpVE31XU2Q/s400/Rosie.jpg" width="313" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i><b>Lunchtime brings a few minutes of rest for these women workers<br />
of the assembly line at Douglas Aircraft Company's plant, Long Beach, Calif.<br />
Sand bags for protection against air raid form the background.<br />
Alfred T. Palmer Kodachrome photo, 1942.</b></i></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><i>Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division</i></b></span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The 3 bedroom apartment at the end of the next building has become a fascinating show. Usually we have a speaking acquaintance with our neighbors, but in this instance the numbers baffle us. In addition to the matronly lady who is there most of the time there are at least 12 others coming and going. Changing of the guard coincides with the change of shift – daytime, swing and graveyard – in the plants. The beds never get cold in this non-stop boarding house! We are not surprised. Throughout <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Los Angeles</st1:city></st1:place> housing is almost impossible to obtain for the large war time transient population.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Our patio is open, bordered by a very pretty privet hedge covered with white blossoms. Today’s curved brick enclosures were added later. We have a covered-wagon type redwood lounge, for outdoor sitting and sunning. Waking one Sunday morning we are startled to find in occupied by a G.I. who could find no other place to sleep. We give him breakfast and send him on his way. At least our patio lounge was better than a bus or railway depot bench or a hotel lobby chair.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQmMhYac1ChHWJ0FBCBt8RweBvFxgERJWhtkvmVeA-_-5E5B3bpLgzHZ5_QDC1bc2J9Ti5bDhS0d9i8yYvXoFAFwMvuj8tvKukqLOcBGYhrW9KqF409Fs5L9GKRzAjz6WmyGxFnszPGvIx/s1600/covered+wagon+chair.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="492" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQmMhYac1ChHWJ0FBCBt8RweBvFxgERJWhtkvmVeA-_-5E5B3bpLgzHZ5_QDC1bc2J9Ti5bDhS0d9i8yYvXoFAFwMvuj8tvKukqLOcBGYhrW9KqF409Fs5L9GKRzAjz6WmyGxFnszPGvIx/s640/covered+wagon+chair.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>A "covered wagon" chair similar to the chair described by Helen Spears, <br />
in a redwood enclosed private patio at Baldwin Hills Village, 1944.<br />
Margaret Lowe Photograph, LAPL</i></b></td></tr>
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Life becomes more and more restricted. There is little travel, and boredom is sometimes inevitable. Tonight we must do something different. It is <st1:time hour="0" minute="0" w:st="on">midnight</st1:time>, the green beautiful in the moonlight, dew beginning to settle on the grass. We doff shoes and hose and run barefoot, quiet as the night, mindless of the February chill. Finally, tired and cold, we come in and sit on the edge of the tub, dangling our feet in warm water and laughing at our appreciation of so simple a pleasure in these troubled times.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzZ37hYSBtYmtl2Op1g1pv8-c9Y_Tz0AZeAXfEXGer73KS0K_C3G9RdTw9cKO3T7LYj3lot0UGXSBjqHkXcbhvD8wXsde6UqcwD2OHtUiSIqtu6gYI7ggukNk8lAPHZz7kVt51RIxDfXAt/s1600/aerial.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="297" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzZ37hYSBtYmtl2Op1g1pv8-c9Y_Tz0AZeAXfEXGer73KS0K_C3G9RdTw9cKO3T7LYj3lot0UGXSBjqHkXcbhvD8wXsde6UqcwD2OHtUiSIqtu6gYI7ggukNk8lAPHZz7kVt51RIxDfXAt/s400/aerial.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>The view from the top of Baldwin Hills, 1944<br />
From Reginald D. Johnson's Kodachrome films,<br />
courtesy David Lebrun and Night Fire Films</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Wandering around the Village area is always rewarding. A hike to the top of the hill over rough terrain, without trails or roads, is tiring but stimulating. The view from the top is a rare treat – and we’ve used no gasoline. The Village spreads out below and we gain a new perspective in viewing the plan from this height. It is thrilling when the day is clear and snow on the nearby mountains is down to 2,000 feet, or in the evening to watch the full moon rise. On one walk we explored the area northwest of the Village, and were surprised to find a small clear stream bordered by willows. Later we learn it is Ballona Creek.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Patio gardening is one of the pleasures of staying at home. Today, working with azaleas, we hear sirens and stop to watch the burning over of dry grass on the hill, an occurrence each summer. The county fire department comes to the rescue. No visible harm results, and it is exciting to watch the flames leap his with crackling sounds conveying the heat’s intensity. No structures are endangered, because there are none south of the Village.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Later we are dismayed to find that the burn left the tunnels of little burrowing owls entirely denuded and exposed on the gentle lower slopes of the hill. With field glasses we can see the forlorn little fellows standing near their holes as if to say, “Where are we? This doesn’t look like home!” Almost every chimney in the Village is the resting point for one of these perky bits of fluff, and if we succeed in imitating his “Who-o-o wh-o-o-o” he will answer. We hope there are no nestlings and that our little friends were away at the time of the fire.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Today a United Parcel deliveryman wanders about seeking an address, carrying a heavy package. We explain that the odd numbers on Village Green and the even numbers on Rodeo are across the Green; that only the even VG numbers and the odd Coliseum ones are on our side. He says, “To hell with it! I get paid by the piece and I’ve been looking for this place for an hour already!” Confused? So are we all until we learn! (Since then all numbers have been converted to VG addresses, with even numbers on the Coliseum side and odd on Rodeo – and still confusing!)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Often we stand and just look out at the green through the large front windows. It refreshes the spirit, calms the inner upheavals brought on by the impact of war news, rests the eyes and brings a fleetin<st1:personname w:st="on">g c</st1:personname>alm to jangled nerves. Today we are jolted by the sight of two horses, manes and tails flying, running full gallop down the length of the green – unbridled an unattended. Where have they come from and where are they going?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">At last some of the men are coming home from the service. A group of teen-age friends are invited for dinner, despite rationing, and a Navy flier, former school friend, is going to demonstrate hypnosis. Wee see him amazingly control one of the fellows, influencing him to remove shoes and socks, go to the kitchen for a glass of water, empty out exactly half of it, drink the remainder, return to the living room and put on shoes and socks – then he comes out of his trance and tells us how good he feels. Our Navy friend tells us he learned this while being instructed in self-hypnosis so that in event of capture he would withhold vital information even though pressed to reveal it.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Time has passed, the war is ended, and the business of recovery is underway. <st1:city w:st="on">Hiroshima</st1:city> and <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Nagasaki</st1:city></st1:place> are a part of history, and nothing will ever be the same again. Yet we will always remember “the way we were”.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Neutra Display Thin'; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div>Steven Keylonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11162895111618226987noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-478449696602390151.post-46646397739761651512011-07-26T15:10:00.000-07:002011-09-28T12:38:28.149-07:00Garden Cities at Risk CHAPTER SIX: “COMMUNITY OF RENTAL HOMES IN PARK OPENS TODAY”<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Crimson Text'; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;"></span></div><div class="WordSection1"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Part of a series on the Wyvernwood community, the sister city to Baldwin Hills Village/Village Green.</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br />
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</span></i><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i>See the entire set of Wyvernwood blog posts <b><u><a href="http://baldwinhillsvillageandthevillagegreen.blogspot.com/2011/09/complete-wyvernwood-series.html">HERE</a></u></b></i></span></div></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><i><span style="color: black;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijnqQAXfDumIHhzho0ma1dPA059MPPiyGyL6vYyTkkNjlzMhyphenhyphenMrrzFPqVFpdHM4rTf0Qz-ciFnTkDD-ticM3eCmLfFn8aVbIFMKAKsOCGI71mA4gcY_jw_KG5Toy6K3xfaAw8Rnjw8v1vn/s1600/wyvernwood+full+page.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijnqQAXfDumIHhzho0ma1dPA059MPPiyGyL6vYyTkkNjlzMhyphenhyphenMrrzFPqVFpdHM4rTf0Qz-ciFnTkDD-ticM3eCmLfFn8aVbIFMKAKsOCGI71mA4gcY_jw_KG5Toy6K3xfaAw8Rnjw8v1vn/s1600/wyvernwood+full+page.gif" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>On Friday, August 25, 1939, the Los Angeles Times devoted three full pages to the opening of Wyvernwood. </i></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwru636NeMAWlv-Ba6BZozZzgmCTAbSGFOiSPjqWENSnvYaLXjJ0nFhVXbDZMnxhfq2a4FqDJLVhWrjDUF7jHA7gcWuVFkr7qPvaUEOpjCL1SzK5i9tGXsNSYG_XdofoKtg7I1ywrOABgt/s1600/xxx+wyv+8+landscaping.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="506" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwru636NeMAWlv-Ba6BZozZzgmCTAbSGFOiSPjqWENSnvYaLXjJ0nFhVXbDZMnxhfq2a4FqDJLVhWrjDUF7jHA7gcWuVFkr7qPvaUEOpjCL1SzK5i9tGXsNSYG_XdofoKtg7I1ywrOABgt/s640/xxx+wyv+8+landscaping.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Preparing the landscape for Wyvernwood's opening day, 1939.<br />
"Dick" Whittington Collection, USC Digital Library</i></b></td></tr>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>“COMMUNITY OF RENTAL HOMES IN PARK OPENS TODAY”</b> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">On Friday, August 25, 1939, the highly anticipated unveiling of the Wyvernwood community was showcased in three full pages of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Los Angeles Times. </i>Over the course of the weekend that followed, a massive crowd of 50,000 people toured the groundbreaking new community, and the response was overwhelmingly positive. John S. Griffith remarked that “we were amazed at the rapid acceptance of the new type of living accommodations being introduced at Wyvernwood. We naturally feel the immediate renting of all available homes is an indication of general public approval.” With twenty of the 143 buildings ready for occupancy, by the end of the weekend all of the 158 completed apartments had been rented, and a waiting list was started. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDSjcnn6q2c8_NEcVQfb9P58-vPRwlxAq22TJNEMdFo2VtywlYZ5CiM7B0bakJM1hq37v8kvE4QayZEgqulXlxPLAMyd3vYTCN5nsREhxsB0_DMeO4IOdudS8W7wbLgU_nO8F46jKJa7qL/s1600/xxx+wyv+landscaping+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="508" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDSjcnn6q2c8_NEcVQfb9P58-vPRwlxAq22TJNEMdFo2VtywlYZ5CiM7B0bakJM1hq37v8kvE4QayZEgqulXlxPLAMyd3vYTCN5nsREhxsB0_DMeO4IOdudS8W7wbLgU_nO8F46jKJa7qL/s640/xxx+wyv+landscaping+2.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Preparing the landscape for Wyvernwood's opening day, 1939.<br />
"Dick" Whittington Collection, USC Digital Library</i></b></td></tr>
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The area around the Wyvernwood community was taking shape as well, with shops, schools, restaurants, businesses and entertainment facilities either planned or in the early stages of construction, ensuring that residents of the new community would have a self-contained environment.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2yloUL6ItmpxGClkOlFcJdFBsvmqLAXA0sYRuK8fTCuig5QM8HfVkQEO3Suc_rsc58lrjj_ABhf3x_6WOWatDtXs0xMhzmNTvOjROKbD3oufrT2sL6bRU_P21BPYzDrfYvz4C45GEz47P/s1600/garden+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2yloUL6ItmpxGClkOlFcJdFBsvmqLAXA0sYRuK8fTCuig5QM8HfVkQEO3Suc_rsc58lrjj_ABhf3x_6WOWatDtXs0xMhzmNTvOjROKbD3oufrT2sL6bRU_P21BPYzDrfYvz4C45GEz47P/s640/garden+1.jpg" width="522" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Hammond Sadler's landscape plan begins to mature, 1940</i></b></td></tr>
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</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">“A MIRACLE OF MODERN MULTIPLE HOUSING”</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Los Angeles Times</i> reported that “Wyvernwood, great private rental housing community on E. Olympic Blvd., east of Soto St., powerfully demonstrates two achievements. It is a miracle of modern multiple housing and it supplies a delightful mode of living,” and was “itself a mighty accomplishment even in a nation accustomed to tremendous developments.”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCV23M0nWEvGBRINpFxYcrCf6gHy4ffe8SeZBXOOEuyXooW5lp_dYZO0KanXi-5XaKK5fAFyXh6WeHVmBcjREPC3hVNsMdkRxoA6OckdshUeCCqHkByDS3_dq0bYu1CuLGfzWAaOo1GNsu/s1600/so+we+rented.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCV23M0nWEvGBRINpFxYcrCf6gHy4ffe8SeZBXOOEuyXooW5lp_dYZO0KanXi-5XaKK5fAFyXh6WeHVmBcjREPC3hVNsMdkRxoA6OckdshUeCCqHkByDS3_dq0bYu1CuLGfzWAaOo1GNsu/s640/so+we+rented.gif" width="182" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Marian Manners, the fictitious <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Times</i> lifestyle and cooking expert who, beginning in 1931, advised trusting Southern California homemakers on <span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black;">"all the thousand and one intermediary problems and snags that confront the housewife daily,"</span> gave her overwhelmingly positive impressions of this “livable and charming” community. Her leading article in that three-page spread on August 25th clearly and charmingly described all of the benefits Wyvernwood had to offer the middle-class housewife in 1939, so I’m including it here in its entirety:</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="apple-style-span"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgY4JDzuaTbW5pQJm3tW1lUpyE4rub3sopl0cBcUA_0R-ZgdItL_f4jzNJPvfZ59ETNhzkIFaPzmwyGOG7aQK_8kOPINcBuuWG7SBpMp806XTka8WLeTW4EGlx7m1JTpOwNCn_jhUgMEI_V/s1600/xxx+garden.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="444" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgY4JDzuaTbW5pQJm3tW1lUpyE4rub3sopl0cBcUA_0R-ZgdItL_f4jzNJPvfZ59ETNhzkIFaPzmwyGOG7aQK_8kOPINcBuuWG7SBpMp806XTka8WLeTW4EGlx7m1JTpOwNCn_jhUgMEI_V/s640/xxx+garden.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Hammond Sadler's landscape plan called for beds of flowering plants carpeting the area between<br />
buildings and paths. Fred Barlow, Jr. may have been influenced by this design feature,<br />
because he used it even more extensively at Baldwin Hills Village, switching the flowering<br />
plants instead to a variety of lower water, lower maintenance groundcovers.</i></b></td></tr>
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</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">“Wyvernwood homes are charmingly different from the usual multiple-unit dwelling. The inviting, informal interior of each a homey, amiable house built to overlook a lovely park.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">These attractive homes in Wyvernwood are well adapted to the traditional Western idea of outdoor living as well as to indoor comfort. Sunny rooms usually have two or more outside exposures; wide windows provide cross ventilation and a delightful, clear view over velvety green lawns, trees and flowers."<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi75lZZSziTyhVmkU2DihE9NY0_GYmkTJNdPVCxcPcc-Pa07WlODzOjA9M1r9O3kzduMLIrOunjm6TQm6K6oV9gNIXGouoTm1cpa05i_qUzO_tFKpb-OM0smqCPQlNq_x_h7NasJPN_vX3G/s1600/floor+plans.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi75lZZSziTyhVmkU2DihE9NY0_GYmkTJNdPVCxcPcc-Pa07WlODzOjA9M1r9O3kzduMLIrOunjm6TQm6K6oV9gNIXGouoTm1cpa05i_qUzO_tFKpb-OM0smqCPQlNq_x_h7NasJPN_vX3G/s640/floor+plans.jpg" width="396" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Wyvernwood offered a large variety of floor plan types.</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">"The room arrangement is compact and well planned. The proportions give an effect of spaciousness. Following the modern tendency to ‘open-up’ the plan, the dining space in the smaller units is an alcove at the end of the kitchen or living room. Both living room and bedrooms have well placed windows allowing ample wall space for interesting furniture grouping."</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUFloahWIk2VWRK4LZhLfpCtsouEDbjoGwaLch4TbF2qEfSdzyzDc6lpILzBE-9yZk1TB6yddeRsfTB0CrA2eIZZtR8oxQiRqnflN93Kn8yBuuHfyT6fp_gu-AVth49phBiUJi9KtMuWgV/s1600/xxx+barker+bros.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUFloahWIk2VWRK4LZhLfpCtsouEDbjoGwaLch4TbF2qEfSdzyzDc6lpILzBE-9yZk1TB6yddeRsfTB0CrA2eIZZtR8oxQiRqnflN93Kn8yBuuHfyT6fp_gu-AVth49phBiUJi9KtMuWgV/s640/xxx+barker+bros.gif" width="369" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Barker Bros., the large high-end furniture department store in<br />
downtown Los Angeles, provided several furnished<br />
model homes for Wyvernwood's opening day.</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">"Any homemaker will delight in completing the decoration of one of these new homes. Their clean, fresh ‘newness’ is an inspiration! Walls and woodwork are beautifully finished in off-white; the perfect background for the smartest or gayest color scheme, and for any mode of furnishings, early American, 18<sup>th</sup> Century, or Swedish Modern."</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiiAASaWqwvxR4CY9RpNLjkLLRZE0rd4k7WktKRJ04tkL30HyZBOBrI62JSGsixvOTvzX-5HTA2hgeFaqEzaI07abPVo-zPAh5_NPUXiLrA-VGmvVM9fK2Ndsgqrt-5NRMtm6D6aTpXeVf/s1600/xxx+electric.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiiAASaWqwvxR4CY9RpNLjkLLRZE0rd4k7WktKRJ04tkL30HyZBOBrI62JSGsixvOTvzX-5HTA2hgeFaqEzaI07abPVo-zPAh5_NPUXiLrA-VGmvVM9fK2Ndsgqrt-5NRMtm6D6aTpXeVf/s640/xxx+electric.gif" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>In 1939, All-Electric units were considered modern, scientific and cheaper than gas!</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">"Circulation is difficult in a small house, but in Wyvernwood homes we find the three elements, entertaining, service and living sections separate enough to avoid crossing the kitchen to reach a bedroom or any other awkward maneuver. There is generous closet space, another important feature unusual in the small apartment or cottage. Walls and floors of living rooms and bedrooms are, where necessary, sound-deadened for greater privacy."</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh95BZ5Z8acvpFrsiKiDK-zqYzGJp5mtWGBXoEpA2Hv4q2GaxiQ8QKsckxvyiqTlJrQGpky8hHKG1DCu3KfbNyYfdmAD2gF_eY0Bw0KrQBdumolScQBbILSjQJaq4dmmzcg949KqPa6mR67/s1600/xxx+stove.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh95BZ5Z8acvpFrsiKiDK-zqYzGJp5mtWGBXoEpA2Hv4q2GaxiQ8QKsckxvyiqTlJrQGpky8hHKG1DCu3KfbNyYfdmAD2gF_eY0Bw0KrQBdumolScQBbILSjQJaq4dmmzcg949KqPa6mR67/s640/xxx+stove.gif" width="363" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFYsMoqK75mHozBcpMcBx7aX5lmB9pv-Mnn0llueGGbojcfI6wHh6BWdYHAZm258u5hkJq53Cq-bCulHsXYKYOEwPfqVDhHhFssfA1rsdZj7wlBjPotdMl0DYaetnc4r2u-Z8V7GARG90G/s1600/xxx1+thermador.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFYsMoqK75mHozBcpMcBx7aX5lmB9pv-Mnn0llueGGbojcfI6wHh6BWdYHAZm258u5hkJq53Cq-bCulHsXYKYOEwPfqVDhHhFssfA1rsdZj7wlBjPotdMl0DYaetnc4r2u-Z8V7GARG90G/s400/xxx1+thermador.gif" width="306" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">"In the bathroom are good fixtures, a built-in heater, practical wall and floor treatment. These bathrooms have plenty of sunlight; let a variety of colorful towels and other accessories blossom forth and you’ll have a bright spot from which to start the day on a cheerful note!"<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjonkmCB4cbozwjDGa7UYzCWVqSWfh47Li16UGAzJMkpEojusXyBMnWsUipkRjlvrYUZQg0meS9eOSiWvx0PtJQmUDowZVhG7loRrBuB_hQa-vc9gGxfiBDgT4N0nO1_AT18S8z9NNm331g/s1600/kitchen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="342" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjonkmCB4cbozwjDGa7UYzCWVqSWfh47Li16UGAzJMkpEojusXyBMnWsUipkRjlvrYUZQg0meS9eOSiWvx0PtJQmUDowZVhG7loRrBuB_hQa-vc9gGxfiBDgT4N0nO1_AT18S8z9NNm331g/s400/kitchen.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><b>The kitchens featured stainless steel countertops, Armstrong <br />
"Marbelle" linoleum, and a choice of either a gas or<br />
electric range.</b></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">"The most important room in the house, however, is the kitchen, because it is the health center of the home. At Wyvernwood kitchens are roomy, airy, sparklingly fresh with creamy walls and cupboards, and an attractive easily scrubbable floor covering. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Each kitchen is planned and built around an up-to-the-minute electric refrigerator and a modern range fully equipped with oven control and fast cooking surface units, with generous storage space, scientific lighting and step-saving arrangements.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Both the U-shaped and the Pullman type kitchens are to be found at Wyvernwood. The sink and adjoining counters are of the easy-to-keep-clean stainless steel that is so agreeable to use because its resiliency reduces kitchen clatter and helps to prevent dish breakage."<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0PVnATeMr4O6uhoMMWaZ4Z77hZaaOFxd0SYQX2JqGyWmyA_uCTqSV-FDbZGwFUfD6gVbp9PvtpDQ4mhdJ9_vyB4pBVzWpX_01EE0UUXKrmFMMlfkhz8dfoNMipszIie0wLbkCawVI12LQ/s1600/playground.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="564" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0PVnATeMr4O6uhoMMWaZ4Z77hZaaOFxd0SYQX2JqGyWmyA_uCTqSV-FDbZGwFUfD6gVbp9PvtpDQ4mhdJ9_vyB4pBVzWpX_01EE0UUXKrmFMMlfkhz8dfoNMipszIie0wLbkCawVI12LQ/s640/playground.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>One of the many recreational features planned by the design team at Wyvernwood, 1940</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">"The time and labor saving kitchens in Wyvernwood will give busy mothers added hours of leisure time. “Time off” from kitchen work which they can devote to the children and enjoy with them the many recreational advantages provided to promote healthy, happy family living in this new community.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;">Among the highlights of these comfortable Wyvernwood homes are several other features that will meet with the busy homemaker’s enthusiastic approval. For example: an excellent automatic water heater which gives instantaneous hot water the moment a faucet is turned on; handsome oak floors in all rooms except kitchen and bathroom; plenty of base outlets for lamps and radio; a drudgery-saving method for daily disposal of garbage; sturdy, modern clothes dryers placed in a well-protected, sunny service yard. A rapid-growing hedge has been planted bordering the service yard; now about three feet high, it will reach a height of six feet. Many of the apartments have a private garden space for lawn or flowers. All of these and other homemaking aids will simplify and add enjoyment to the pleasurable task of keeping house in a brand new home at beautiful, parklike Wyvernwood.”</span></span><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/August%2025.doc#_edn1" name="_ednref1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title="">[i]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/August%2025.doc#_edn1" name="_ednref1" title=""></a></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzWTDrHvGX6AesVhnZAVjEWhfGrGJo_D1pd39RfFnm6BwjaaT4K5u7cBwj4_HKTqeaSn2rFD8KqnHNwpZVDWG33a3JXVOhM1oMXOZCRneyp-EPKQ9nYdnSYFVa4tm-qrjLQ2gky3DVua2n/s1600/xxx+whyv.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="512" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzWTDrHvGX6AesVhnZAVjEWhfGrGJo_D1pd39RfFnm6BwjaaT4K5u7cBwj4_HKTqeaSn2rFD8KqnHNwpZVDWG33a3JXVOhM1oMXOZCRneyp-EPKQ9nYdnSYFVa4tm-qrjLQ2gky3DVua2n/s640/xxx+whyv.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>The newly planted landscape at Wyvernwood, 1939. </i></b><br />
<b><i>"Dick" Whittington Collection, USC Digital Library</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;">As more buildings were completed, they quickly filled up. One year after it had initially opened, the last remaining buildings were finished. Howard Cunningham, the manager of the facility, said that “all who visit Wyvernwood are so struck by its beauty and uniqueness that a majority return to live here. The attractiveness of these new apartments, together with the delightful atmosphere of the surrounding lawns and gardens prove a lure that few can resist.”</span></span><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/August%2025.doc#_edn2" name="_ednref2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title="">[ii]</a></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"> </span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4BmrfmDPHNw9rXZsDtECcS5yUccHiQRlVNatzWsaCqxlsFMGB0CWcwmTNV2FPU0wBxR5RiCk84qlL_ScDQniC4DOTNTcV1FUXXkdD-2WaWBC2tcBsc3jU0PAn8954ieO0tVk55cCFA9PG/s1600/wyvernwood+site.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4BmrfmDPHNw9rXZsDtECcS5yUccHiQRlVNatzWsaCqxlsFMGB0CWcwmTNV2FPU0wBxR5RiCk84qlL_ScDQniC4DOTNTcV1FUXXkdD-2WaWBC2tcBsc3jU0PAn8954ieO0tVk55cCFA9PG/s640/wyvernwood+site.jpg" width="476" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><b>From <u>The Architectural Forum</u>, May, 1940</b></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">"...and now we plan"</span></b></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;">In addition being widely covered by the Southern California newspapers, Wyvernwood was featured in all of the leading design journals of the day, and with Baldwin Hills Village was included in an important exhibition at the Los Angeles County Museum, organized by a group called “Telesis.” Led by architect Richard Neutra, the group attempted to show the latest and best developments in recent architecture and urban planning. The show, called “…and now we plan,” opened in late 1941.</span></span><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/August%2025.doc#_edn3" name="_ednref3" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3;" title="">[iii]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/August%2025.doc#_edn3" name="_ednref3" title=""></a></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4U329VTmAj0-A5-KfmPchfxsfr2JeM0CmgjgejfSOSk-fBRRz_kvOnli7WD1oMXeGRlTjWHV8fZXIWzFaChguEuDYY15FX4L1Vzuxn_3JH4F_CUhJGdZdun6Xjc7cA6FAf-8TBpabj3Iu/s1600/xxx+wyv+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="514" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4U329VTmAj0-A5-KfmPchfxsfr2JeM0CmgjgejfSOSk-fBRRz_kvOnli7WD1oMXeGRlTjWHV8fZXIWzFaChguEuDYY15FX4L1Vzuxn_3JH4F_CUhJGdZdun6Xjc7cA6FAf-8TBpabj3Iu/s640/xxx+wyv+1.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>"Dick" Whittington Collection, USC Digital Library</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The catalog for the exhibition pointed out that that the typical rectangular street grid, with unplanned speculative development, “prevents the development of a community consciousness. There is little neighborly contact, but rather a continual and often irritating consciousness of neighbors.” <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span></span></span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;">At Wyvernwood and Baldwin Hills Village, however, the creative designers responsible for their intelligent plans had created desirable neighborhoods, each one “developed as a community in which the concept of home extends beyond the individual house and lot to the neighborhood, where an opportunity to participate in the life of the group leads to the development of a sense of social responsibility for the whole.”</span></span><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/August%2025.doc#_edn4" name="_ednref4" style="mso-endnote-id: edn4;" title="">[iv]</a></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">That spirit of community lives on in both places today.</span></span></span></div><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj16iMQtFhyphenhyphenS0kpiQXDfbppPvEwXXxKcoVI2QRGqMeWTjOGO6ni6mKEwD17tMtdalnxuuq4AKG7BsqXIMwkdWEXp2Y96KAojo8pAboVIiUU1K8NKwtRSjUXkzYgumlUF8Pn40NwliU3oisN/s1600/vern+exterior.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj16iMQtFhyphenhyphenS0kpiQXDfbppPvEwXXxKcoVI2QRGqMeWTjOGO6ni6mKEwD17tMtdalnxuuq4AKG7BsqXIMwkdWEXp2Y96KAojo8pAboVIiUU1K8NKwtRSjUXkzYgumlUF8Pn40NwliU3oisN/s640/vern+exterior.jpg" width="502" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Vern Theater, S. Charles Lee, architect, 1941. <br />
S.C. Lee Collection, UCLA Digital Library</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>SHOPPING AND ENTERTAINMENT</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;">Planned to harmonize with the architecture and layout of Wyvernwood, in July, 1938 it was announced that “approximately $3,000,000 will be spent on the development of a modern shopping center, to be known as the Hostetter retail business district, which will be constructed in connection with the residential section of Wyvernwood. The new business district will have a street frontage of more than 1000 feet located principally at the corners of East Olympic and Soto streets and is being planned to care for the daily wants and needs of the growing community surrounding the project, as well was Wyvernwood’s 4500 occupants.” Negotiations were under way with several national merchants, and it was noted that “architecturally, the buildings in the business district will conform in design to the residential units of Wyvernwood and be so constructed as to provide attractive shopper’s entrances in both front and rear of all structures.”</span></span><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/August%2025.doc#_edn5" name="_ednref5" style="mso-endnote-id: edn5;" title="">[v]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/August%2025.doc#_edn5" name="_ednref5" title=""></a></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRpdOgrKXifvA7pHrQZnnIvFdf1_C3LubeXbUH53eb2l4eNgMilZa5v51c2JB7MrggQxQ2UG0lEaOAB5og3voo5eHu_IReNzBBRKyLm6xVNHGWrHqnYWuGJPa6O8wpgiAsaTXGv7iy844Y/s1600/vern+interior.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="323" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRpdOgrKXifvA7pHrQZnnIvFdf1_C3LubeXbUH53eb2l4eNgMilZa5v51c2JB7MrggQxQ2UG0lEaOAB5og3voo5eHu_IReNzBBRKyLm6xVNHGWrHqnYWuGJPa6O8wpgiAsaTXGv7iy844Y/s400/vern+interior.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Interior, Vern Theater, S. Charles Lee, architect, 1941.<br />
S.C. Lee Collection, UCLA Digital Library</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfIMG8Hnll8F7cbXxDQia4lVH9wIvxsHbhKvmm6EHv7bYjiWrFB-kNk8A5IgOMeI0gD7PViiMUvEn1Nr6PuwKrphVVWqgMaIAG9n4R_9MGNbOoDjeLxlAfqzN4_hX89u0Ptw2WhIbT_0mY/s1600/vern+lobby.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="310" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfIMG8Hnll8F7cbXxDQia4lVH9wIvxsHbhKvmm6EHv7bYjiWrFB-kNk8A5IgOMeI0gD7PViiMUvEn1Nr6PuwKrphVVWqgMaIAG9n4R_9MGNbOoDjeLxlAfqzN4_hX89u0Ptw2WhIbT_0mY/s400/vern+lobby.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Lobby, Vern Theater, S. Charles Lee, architect, 1941.<br />
S.C. Lee Collection, UCLA Digital Library</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;">In 1941, the $100,000 S. Charles Lee designed Vern Theater completed the district, and the 900-seat air-conditioned structure was said to be one of the most modern and best-equipped theaters in Los Angeles.</span></span><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/August%2025.doc#_edn6" name="_ednref6" style="mso-endnote-id: edn6;" title="">[vi]</a></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8Uuon57YZ4SFrBjp2I0Oo9FI0F7U60ASknxYnfbMeRHXhhz_aEcU8h1iKHLP9i21iqyyY6BUZ8OaXi413aDuQLXi0_UkYzXkBgqY2nJMO6wLuVxLioGDU-R2ECjan9-ntJvPDamG3cULW/s1600/xxx+wyv+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="512" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8Uuon57YZ4SFrBjp2I0Oo9FI0F7U60ASknxYnfbMeRHXhhz_aEcU8h1iKHLP9i21iqyyY6BUZ8OaXi413aDuQLXi0_UkYzXkBgqY2nJMO6wLuVxLioGDU-R2ECjan9-ntJvPDamG3cULW/s640/xxx+wyv+2.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>A newly planted garden court, 1939.<br />
"Dick" Whittington Collection, USC Digital Library</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>END OF AN ERA</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In September of 1944, the mortgage loans for both Wyvernwood ($2,700,000) and Baldwin Hills Village ($2,600,000) were acquired from their original loan holders when their owners refinanced, though it was noted that the FHA insurance would remain in place for both.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;">On March 13, 1950, D. Herbert Hostetter, Jr. died after a brief illness, his wife dying just three months later. On December 28, 1950, the Los Angeles Times reported that after “intensive negotiations,” the Wyvernwood community had been sold to Harry Jaffe, a prominent real estate investor, for $5,000,000, the sale called “one of the largest real estate transactions here in recent years.”</span></span><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/August%2025.doc#_edn7" name="_ednref7" style="mso-endnote-id: edn7;" title="">[vii]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/August%2025.doc#_edn7" name="_ednref7" title=""></a></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Though Wyvernwood would remain a vital community, and a desirable place to live, the sale marked the end of an era.</span></span></span><o:p></o:p><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">John S. Griffith, the visionary businessman behind Wyvernwood, went on to develop Lakewood City near Long Beach, afterward forming the real estate firm Griffith, Walker & Lee, which later became one of the nation's largest independently owned real estate sales organizations.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Griffith and his partners also built shopping centers in Lakewood, Santa Fe Springs, Buena Park, San Bernardino and Pomona.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Outside of real estate, Griffith was also involved in several financial organizations, including a controlling interest in the Metropolitan Savings and Loan Association (later Allstate) and the State Mutual Savings & Loan Association. He was a primary stockholder of the Southern California Savings & Loan Association.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">He organized the Peoples Bank of Lakewood, becoming a director at Bank of America after it bought the Peoples Bank. He was also a life trustee of Caltech University.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">John S. Griffith died on November 14, 1979, at age 78.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">For the entire set of Wyvernwood blog posts, see <b><u><a href="http://baldwinhillsvillageandthevillagegreen.blogspot.com/2011/09/complete-wyvernwood-series.html">HERE</a></u></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXDJreg6Cbgd6UB7JoJmdiXqQ2tNjYP32yvsIhyAA_1fkMO1hfb7FjhW-qDfWO1RUar6a04ztySygE5M9hi3kZdYj860qOzcN9_IwkEMkS6xHRJR64Mz2fAL501QVNy7PQcT2pfKUOlOzT/s1600/xxx+wyv+7+garages.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="510" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXDJreg6Cbgd6UB7JoJmdiXqQ2tNjYP32yvsIhyAA_1fkMO1hfb7FjhW-qDfWO1RUar6a04ztySygE5M9hi3kZdYj860qOzcN9_IwkEMkS6xHRJR64Mz2fAL501QVNy7PQcT2pfKUOlOzT/s640/xxx+wyv+7+garages.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Garage courts alternate with garden courts, 1939<br />
"Dick" Whittington Collection, USC Digital Library</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYKEglVcCLIX6SnCBsBwKyuGGZ_0HdjtmG6vhhCIYDrMNoA3sbxcvfP7W-GpmmquFH9GzI552s0sKMmmnwB4O9zUHyaYfGjoADdsTs-S_facDiaZKDnlzCKIDPk9vFAeOCRyz7swnp1zYp/s1600/xxx+wyv+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="512" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYKEglVcCLIX6SnCBsBwKyuGGZ_0HdjtmG6vhhCIYDrMNoA3sbxcvfP7W-GpmmquFH9GzI552s0sKMmmnwB4O9zUHyaYfGjoADdsTs-S_facDiaZKDnlzCKIDPk9vFAeOCRyz7swnp1zYp/s640/xxx+wyv+3.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Witmer & Watson modified building types to conform to the hilly site, 1939.<br />
"Dick" Whittington Collection, USC Digital Library</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8GSRnLLUdq1LIsEKhgl4jkPKyPQFFazXruAmv0SQEQnzMy5-SjsTG5ozsbFer5jLX4aNOfddYDcy8MDLB4b5VRwUeCLjwPsdRX4vQQQcvyifFX4Oo6u7arkWID2QkM2aLLa0gP1l8E1pL/s1600/xxx+wyv+4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="518" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8GSRnLLUdq1LIsEKhgl4jkPKyPQFFazXruAmv0SQEQnzMy5-SjsTG5ozsbFer5jLX4aNOfddYDcy8MDLB4b5VRwUeCLjwPsdRX4vQQQcvyifFX4Oo6u7arkWID2QkM2aLLa0gP1l8E1pL/s640/xxx+wyv+4.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>"Dick" Whittington Collection, USC Digital Library</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-TvI2pFa3P7iq83Gwghgm_aXogtb9nu85H0r015d4Py9iW50CnPNDgZ5Ci1zeleQkOXgIGwU6IAlql81DSQW5ISjLjrMcX3RXux4mbHpryV8Cxqr1-ac0ALZ2sAJw1BeWwIHtHuQkRaYU/s1600/xxx+wyv+5+olive+ct.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="504" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-TvI2pFa3P7iq83Gwghgm_aXogtb9nu85H0r015d4Py9iW50CnPNDgZ5Ci1zeleQkOXgIGwU6IAlql81DSQW5ISjLjrMcX3RXux4mbHpryV8Cxqr1-ac0ALZ2sAJw1BeWwIHtHuQkRaYU/s640/xxx+wyv+5+olive+ct.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>The "Olive Court" and Sussex Lane, 1939.<br />
"Dick" Whittington Collection, USC Digital Library</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWR5Ed18h_6PpyETV17C6lCuISU9vuymXZrUAQfDjK09hF4e9RtbonvdCEskg-tvJPZgx7DmzYk8vNQAgN2-nXEorzalllpu1nPsEvrl98H9TcGsXw2Jlb4pXYps907SzhOm1l7fHnkbKH/s1600/xxx+wyv+6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="514" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWR5Ed18h_6PpyETV17C6lCuISU9vuymXZrUAQfDjK09hF4e9RtbonvdCEskg-tvJPZgx7DmzYk8vNQAgN2-nXEorzalllpu1nPsEvrl98H9TcGsXw2Jlb4pXYps907SzhOm1l7fHnkbKH/s640/xxx+wyv+6.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>"Dick" Whittington Collection, USC Digital Library</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div id="edn1" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/August%2025.doc#_ednref1" name="_edn1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[i]</span></span></span></a> “Wyvernwood Homes Livable and Charming,” Los Angeles Times, Aug 25, 1939, p. 11</div></div><div id="edn2" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/August%2025.doc#_ednref2" name="_edn2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[ii]</span></span></span></a> “Gain in Population Continues at Wyvernwood Community,” Los Angeles Times, Aug, 25, 1939, p. F3</div></div><div id="edn3" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/August%2025.doc#_ednref3" name="_edn3" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[iii]</span></span></span></a> O<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333;">ther members of the Southern California Telesis group included Baldwin Hills Village architect Robert Alexander and landscape architect Fred Barlow, Jr.; architects Gregory Ain, J.R. Davidson, John Lautner, Raphael Soriano, Sumner Spaulding; other notables included influential bookseller Jake Zeitlin, urban planner and writer Mel Scott, and his wife landscape architect Geraldine Knight-Scott; and Los Angeles Times art editor and critic Arthur Millier.</span></span></div></div><div id="edn4" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/August%2025.doc#_ednref4" name="_edn4" style="mso-endnote-id: edn4;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[iv]</span></span></span></a> “…and now we plan,” Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Catalog for the exhibit, October 22 1941 through January 18, 1942</div></div><div id="edn5" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/August%2025.doc#_ednref5" name="_edn5" style="mso-endnote-id: edn5;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[v]</span></span></span></a> “Shopping Center Involves Investment of $3,000,000,” Los Angeles Times, Jul 24, 1938, p. 12</div></div><div id="edn6" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/August%2025.doc#_ednref6" name="_edn6" style="mso-endnote-id: edn6;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[vi]</span></span></span></a> “Wyvernwood Area Theater to Open,” Los Angeles Times, May 25, 1941, p. E3</div></div><div id="edn7" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/August%2025.doc#_ednref7" name="_edn7" style="mso-endnote-id: edn7;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[vii]</span></span></span></a> “Wyvernwood Project Sold For $5,000,000,” Los Angeles Times, December 28, 1950, p. A1</div><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><br />
</div></div></div></div>Steven Keylonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11162895111618226987noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-478449696602390151.post-23702459146613601602011-07-21T12:59:00.000-07:002011-10-17T10:16:15.727-07:00Garden Cities at Risk CHAPTER FIVE: Creation of a Garden City<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<div class="WordSection1"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Part of a series on the Wyvernwood community, the sister city to Baldwin Hills Village/Village Green.</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i>See the other Wyvernwood posts <b><u><a href="http://baldwinhillsvillageandthevillagegreen.blogspot.com/2011/09/complete-wyvernwood-series.html">HERE</a></u></b></i></span></div></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeWwrYy8Ha9yCRbR6SCQRyAp2ptpNCLcTMCrbQ2gu3n7DAQwvakp-l-CcELlWU7NIr3n4RDEINo5X_HpWm0R4h5tblQB8iL9lIyeCWrl6K6F5CAj0BZEAWRomQ7XXwuqdUd4hB2k5U8m4H/s1600/whitt+const+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="502" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeWwrYy8Ha9yCRbR6SCQRyAp2ptpNCLcTMCrbQ2gu3n7DAQwvakp-l-CcELlWU7NIr3n4RDEINo5X_HpWm0R4h5tblQB8iL9lIyeCWrl6K6F5CAj0BZEAWRomQ7XXwuqdUd4hB2k5U8m4H/s640/whitt+const+1.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="640" /></a></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><i>Wyvernwood begins construction, 1939. <a href="http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/search/controller/collection/whit-m1.html">Dick Whittington Photo Archives, USC.</a></i></b></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Wyvernwood, the unprecedented garden apartment community conceived by John S. Griffith, was a creative and groundbreaking success on many different levels. Influential magazine <i>California Arts & Architecture </i>praised its innovative site plan, remarking that “the general organization of the units and the careful separation of utilities, play yards, and gardens makes for a new conception of low rent community living on a large scale,” and that Wyvernwood offered a “high degree of livability and convenience with unobstructed light and air.”<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn1" name="_ednref1" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;">[i]</span></span></span></a> The “city in itself” was described as “intelligently conceived” and “hailed a housing achievement.”<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn2" name="_ednref2" title="">[ii]</a></span></span></span></span></div></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Griffith and his team succeeded in taking the seeds of several blossoming concepts, and reinterpreting them at Wyvernwood on a monumental scale. They spearheaded singular and imaginative new ideas in management, design, technology and mass-production techniques - not only for the buildings, but for the landscape as well.</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Griffith also made it very clear that his new community was “related in no way to the so-called slum clearance projects under city or county authority. It is being financed under the largest single insured Federal Housing Act loan in the United States.” It was also the first major FHA-insured loan to be permanently financed by a commercial bank.”<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn3" name="_ednref3" title="">[iii]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn3" name="_ednref3" title=""></a></span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCAffuvTGx0TIp2JuSdBTB-aQLj5Vj1ZcooYtZygyienUHcULxP-eHNPwEgCnY7f9iVcX4SjyLiG9k4F-gOTU3s_D4jvPCPjNNQ0qwLhnlvb5nbtGvHV4b1GeHRuIUQnGLMrIQ73Di6r9v/s1600/colonail+village+court.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCAffuvTGx0TIp2JuSdBTB-aQLj5Vj1ZcooYtZygyienUHcULxP-eHNPwEgCnY7f9iVcX4SjyLiG9k4F-gOTU3s_D4jvPCPjNNQ0qwLhnlvb5nbtGvHV4b1GeHRuIUQnGLMrIQ73Di6r9v/s320/colonail+village+court.JPG" style="cursor: move;" width="320" /></a></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><i>Colonial Gardens, Alexandria, Virginia, 1935</i></b></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">THE RISE OF THE GARDEN APARTMENT</span></b></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Though Wyvernwood was the largest FHA-insured multiple housing development in the United States in 1939, it wasn’t the first. That milestone was set four years earlier by a much smaller garden apartment development in Alexandria, Virginia, known as Colonial Gardens. Conceived by developer Gustave Ring, designed by architect Harvey H. Warwick, Sr., with a landscape attributed to James K. Wright, Colonial Gardens served as the prototype for the FHA-insured, large-scale rental housing projects that followed, and its exemplary site plan and low-density layout would be widely admired and used as a model for garden apartments around the United States. </span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">An immediate success when it opened in 1935, the 276 apartments at Colonial Village were quickly and fully occupied, with a waiting list of 10,000 people.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn4" name="_ednref4" title="">[iv]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn4" name="_ednref4" title=""></a></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Between 1935 and 1940, and using Clarence Stein’s Radburn Plan principles as their guiding inspiration, the FHA insured mortgages on 200 garden apartments, both large and small, in the United States. </span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqsolJ1lxQt0GKQ4ueKjHtC8w7Mb0RjmGdcx5q9F_OVGJFt4vUSrRj-yq3i_sOSw0GiaHuTbfijnrKGowwJRYAepDTM5rwATCUeMAo59CSg_p5ozRbETJV5O0eaCs7VNmy2g6ZLGN9AONx/s1600/colonail+village.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="247" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqsolJ1lxQt0GKQ4ueKjHtC8w7Mb0RjmGdcx5q9F_OVGJFt4vUSrRj-yq3i_sOSw0GiaHuTbfijnrKGowwJRYAepDTM5rwATCUeMAo59CSg_p5ozRbETJV5O0eaCs7VNmy2g6ZLGN9AONx/s320/colonail+village.JPG" style="cursor: move;" width="320" /></a></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><i>Colonial Gardens, Alexandria, Virginia, 1935</i></b></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Garden apartments, a distinctly mid-20<sup>th</sup> Century design concept, were defined as being “composed of individual buildings forming a group of at least three buildings designed and constructed specifically to function as a multiple dwelling. These small buildings were designed to contain at least four self-sufficient dwelling units. The group is designed and sited to relate to the surrounding landscape.”<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn5" name="_ednref5" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;">[v]</span></span></span></a> <i>The Architectural Forum</i> observed that garden apartments “offered renters the nearest thing to “home” that can be found in apartment buildings – private entrances, front yards, few overhead neighbors.”<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn6" name="_ednref6" title="">[vi]</a></span></span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The success and proliferation of garden apartments proved that the FHA rental-housing program had provided ample evidence of the high-grade investment possibilities of rental projects where the qualities of good planning and good management were present, as evidenced by how quickly they were able to attain full occupancy.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn7" name="_ednref7" title="">[vii]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn7" name="_ednref7" title=""></a></span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0ZYy52ga_ih7VCJbZQccGhTrLtI4s9t4WkyffOU0GBqiJGktwsc9s5LQGMEuV7sNJRQZ3WxO3NVo23Uiy0_ZJGrW7Xas0wmT_vR2MThz2sMO1eGlXn7vhF4RLe6lMR4XC1sL2D2plM8CP/s1600/whitt+const+5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="506" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0ZYy52ga_ih7VCJbZQccGhTrLtI4s9t4WkyffOU0GBqiJGktwsc9s5LQGMEuV7sNJRQZ3WxO3NVo23Uiy0_ZJGrW7Xas0wmT_vR2MThz2sMO1eGlXn7vhF4RLe6lMR4XC1sL2D2plM8CP/s640/whitt+const+5.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="640" /></a></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><i>Wyvernwood during construction, 1939. Dick Whittington Photo Archives, USC</i></b></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">FHA: LOW RENTALS MEAN HIGHER RETURNS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In the five years leading up to Wyvernwood’s construction, John S. Griffith had done an exhaustive study to determine just the right type of development to pursue on his wife’s Hostetter Tract. Deciding that he wanted to fulfill his father-in-law’s vision of incorporating modern housing into the light industrial tract, he began researching the new developments in FHA funding and modern housing in the US and abroad. He quickly ruled out an upper-class, high-rent development, as the business case against it as a long-term investment was too strong.</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i>The Architectural Record</i> had argued that “any high rent apartment project is a comparatively risky undertaking for the investor, and, in turn, for FHA. Tenants who can afford to spend $15 and more per room on rent are by nature transitory tenants. They will move down to lower rent quarters during economic depression, will move up into new buildings as they are completed, and eventually will probably move out to buy or build a house.”</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Because FHA standards were set up to protect mortgage money, FHA housing was intended to accommodate the comparatively financially stable, middle-income group.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn8" name="_ednref8" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;">[viii]</span></span></span></a> Because this market hadn’t truly been exploited by builders and developers, who regularly “aim at the highest possible rents in hope of making a quick financial killing, overlooking the cold forbidding facts revealed by rental experience,” it left a very large and under-supplied - yet stable - market for private enterprise rental housing.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn9" name="_ednref9" title="">[ix]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn9" name="_ednref9" title=""></a></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">“The low rent housing market will be tapped as soon as Building realizes that the net profit – not the rent scale – is the yard stick for measuring a project’s success. Well planned low rent projects, economically constructed and operated, offer unlimited opportunities for investors seeking a steady, long term net income.” It was pointed out that the FHA’s Large Scale Rental Housing Division was “interested in seeing this low rent housing market cracked wide open.” <span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn10" name="_ednref10" title="">[x]</a></span></span></span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">During his analysis, John S. Griffith learned that the FHA requirements dictated that the existing social and economic background of the population in a given community would determine the most desirable type of housing needed there. The incomes of families within that community would need to be analyzed to determine what rents the majority could economically afford to pay, and the housing proposed should be designed for that specific market.</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The community ultimately created under the direction of John S. Griffith would be located in an area which had been zoned and used for light industry, with the residential sections nearby housing skilled factory or office workers.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"> <a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn12" name="_ednref12" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;">[xii]</span></span></a></span> Griffith envisioned a garden apartment community which would attract and cater to “younger professional people, junior executives and business people.”<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn13" name="_ednref13" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;">[xiii]</span></span></span></a> He also said that Wyvernwood would be “designed to provide homes far more modern, comfortable and convenient, and more luxuriously equipped than are generally found throughout Los Angeles.” At the same time, he said, rents would be “as low or lower than those generally lacking modern conveniences.”<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn14" name="_ednref14" title="">[xiv]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn14" name="_ednref14" title=""></a></span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBGe9oUTz8elqufX4mD9LVCfLF5Na7RFJIq-Hlg0YGpFojUGf_5tPd53t9kgwudZ2EUNA35rZFzUKVJlMXLWkeCiRWgw_ua8Yq9L7F4xJPzeVvCN-A5mlnJSv-9yzXKIb-Qz2Xzav9ydir/s1600/witmer+griffth.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: justify;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBGe9oUTz8elqufX4mD9LVCfLF5Na7RFJIq-Hlg0YGpFojUGf_5tPd53t9kgwudZ2EUNA35rZFzUKVJlMXLWkeCiRWgw_ua8Yq9L7F4xJPzeVvCN-A5mlnJSv-9yzXKIb-Qz2Xzav9ydir/s640/witmer+griffth.gif" style="cursor: move;" width="588" /></a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">ASSEMBLING HIS TEAM<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Once he had decided on what he was going to build, John S. Griffith hired the firm of Witmer & Watson to serve as architects for the project. Besides the fact that Griffith lived in a large home designed by Witmer & Watson, he no doubt had become more intimately associated with David J. Witmer in his role as <span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 17px;">Supervisor of Architecture for the Southern California district of the FHA, as Griffith did his own analysis and research pursuing the Wyvernwood Project.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 17px;"><br />
</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 17px;">True to their longtime philosophies on successful site planning, Witmer & Watson more than likely encouraged John S. Griffith to engage the services of a landscape architect as early on in the process as possible. Witmer probably recommended Hammond Sadler as landscape architect, due to his personal and professional relationship with Sadler, as well as his respect for his artistry and past experience in planning large-scale communities such as Palos Verdes Estates.</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn15" name="_ednref15" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 17px;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 17px;">[xv]</span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 17px;"> Griffith had a tight timeline, so the team immediately got to work on the layout and organization of the site plan, before collaborating on the architecture and landscape design of the community.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></b></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-right: 1em; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPsLDp7-Fx24n-2H5jol-TD5z_2tr_8Yu55XhXR6SSMngt1SCp7_duG2wnt_Gla191KmCUGNDpZE42wKVspFYwjrzo6mIui0fhZe0-5Wbt23pVFJZnyVIGkxxEj1MDbvpAxMlg0m2cx-3J/s1600/site+plan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="472" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPsLDp7-Fx24n-2H5jol-TD5z_2tr_8Yu55XhXR6SSMngt1SCp7_duG2wnt_Gla191KmCUGNDpZE42wKVspFYwjrzo6mIui0fhZe0-5Wbt23pVFJZnyVIGkxxEj1MDbvpAxMlg0m2cx-3J/s640/site+plan.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="640" /></a></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><i>The site plan of Wyvernwood</i></b></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></b></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></b></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">THE SITE PLAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Writing later about the evolution of the design, architect David J. Witmer said that the primary concern at the outset was the “considerations of the fundamental physiological needs and the fundamental psychological needs of the occupants, together with essential protection against contagion and accidents.” To fulfill these objectives, they would need to provide “a high degree of livability and convenience of dwelling units, easy accessibility, unobstructed light and circulation of air, pleasing outlook, sufficient and modern sanitation, opportunities for privacy, provision for children’s safety and play, close proximity of the family automobile, freedom from the noise and hazard of through traffic, safe travel to grade schools, reasonable proximity of schools, playgrounds and shopping centers, and by no means least, the enduring appeal of attractive appearance and pleasant surroundings.”<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn16" name="_ednref16" title="">[xvi]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn16" name="_ednref16" title=""></a></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Their first order of business was to return the land from a sub-division of gridiron streets to the original undeveloped condition. The next step was to plot a minimum of streets generally following contours for ease of travel and winding through the property, on the one hand to discourage through traffic and on the other hand to provide easy accessibility to the majority of building sites.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn17" name="_ednref17" title="">[xvii]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn17" name="_ednref17" title=""></a></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The property was approximately three-quarters of a mile long and one-quarter of a mile wide, though irregularly shaped. The overall site plan was developed collaboratively by the architects and landscape architect, with the goal to take every advantage of the site’s unique topography, creating a self-contained community, providing maximum privacy with ready accessibility.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn18" name="_ednref18" title="">[xviii]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn18" name="_ednref18" title=""></a></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In collaboration with Hammond Sadler, Witmer & Watson utilized an existing natural ravine to serve as a surface drain in the rare event of flooding caused by heavy rains; the runoff would be directed to storm drains which passed underneath the site. The ravine, incorporated into the design of the site, created the main axis, and became a wide landscaped mall around which the majority of the rest of the site was arranged.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Witmer explained that “the system of interior walks and paths will lead children safely through attractive areas to the adjacent school without the hazard of crossing much travelled streets. At the same time these paths will offer pedestrian access to the shopping center at the southwest, which will complete the character of Wyvernwood as a self-contained and well served residential community.”<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn19" name="_ednref19" title="">[xix]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn19" name="_ednref19" title=""></a></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Garage courts with private enclosed garages were intelligently located with respect to the apartment units they would serve, consolidating auto storage and resulting in greater convenience, order and accessibility, while reducing the number of driveways opening onto the few streets onsite.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn20" name="_ednref20" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;">[xx]</span></span></span></a> This, with the limited number of streets, resulted in a greater concentration of open areas and spaces between buildings.</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">“The extent of open spaces offered excellent protection against the spread of fire and contagion, provided ample circulation of air and unobstructed sunlight, and gave the opportunity for pleasant surrounding and outlook,” Witmer explained.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn21" name="_ednref21" title="">[xxi]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn21" name="_ednref21" title=""></a></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Each garage court had a walled-in garbage area with incinerator, adjoining an enclosed but ventilated room for refuse storage. “Wyvernwood should be a community unhampered by rows of unsightly refuse containers and thus not become a breeding place for carriers of disease,” Witmer said. </span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJP0UQIINxXbW4GPv1WeJveyN6yPa-cDQCQ_YStQcsuivUEQwHrkm_vuyS4w_jDIc83TS9da-UeQGgnS254HZJFeGpgN2gkYpBk6Z0IJxLIBmVPIMe114TojTw8VT56WLcsntw8SIBe_K-/s1600/whitt+const+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="508" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJP0UQIINxXbW4GPv1WeJveyN6yPa-cDQCQ_YStQcsuivUEQwHrkm_vuyS4w_jDIc83TS9da-UeQGgnS254HZJFeGpgN2gkYpBk6Z0IJxLIBmVPIMe114TojTw8VT56WLcsntw8SIBe_K-/s640/whitt+const+2.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="640" /></a></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><i>Wyvernwood during construction, 1939. Dick Whittington Photo Archives, USC</i></b></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">THE ARCHITECTURE<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">David J. Witmer had spearheaded the creation of uniform building codes in California in 1930, primarily as a means of providing earthquake protection. At Wyvernwood, he said that “the need of offering protection against damage from earthquake and the required basic economy of cost of construction, led to the selection of a type of dwelling structure with deep, heavy foundations and unusually strong and well braced timber frames. Such structures, with an inch of reinforced cement plaster exterior covering and 7/8” gypsum lath and plaster interior covering, provide more than usual protection against fire and the spread of fire in these dwellings. Further enhancement of the surroundings and added fire protection is given by the installation of underground electric service, as well as the usual underground water and gas services.”<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn22" name="_ednref22" title="">[xxii]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn22" name="_ednref22" title=""></a></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">For the design of the structures themselves, Witmer & Watson made sure that the apartments would be comfortable and livable. To ensure effective cooling in summer weather, every dwelling had crossdraft ventilation with at least two exposures, while more than half had the added benefit of three exposures.</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Additionally, each would be thoroughly insulated not only from the elements, but also between units, to prevent noises in one dwelling from being heard in another.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn23" name="_ednref23" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;">[xxiii]</span></span></span></a> This insulation was provided by Palco Wool, which was a light-weight fleecy material obtained by shredding into fibres the thick bark of the California Redwood trees, which were noted as protecting “against fire and the elements for countless centuries.” This insulation, a by-product of lumber used for construction, ensured nothing was wasted from the materials used.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn24" name="_ednref24" title="">[xxiv]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn24" name="_ednref24" title=""></a></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The architects used other innovative new materials to save money. For example, in bathrooms a new and modern material called Plystone was utilized in place of tile. “Plystone is a colored wall veneer made through baking a plastic on asbestos- cement sheeting. It is almost mirror smooth and has a permanent gloss finish which is very hard.”<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn25" name="_ednref25" title="">[xxv]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn25" name="_ednref25" title=""></a></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Aesthetically, for the design of the buildings Witmer explained that “in a housing community of such extent it seemed essential to keep the exterior design of the buildings simple and straightforward for enduring appeal, and to rely upon proportion and silhouette and a moderate variety of simple detail to relieve monotony, with the clean lines of modern building coupled with the restrained suggestion of traditional design, light and cheerful colors.”<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn26" name="_ednref26" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;">[xxvi]</span></span></span></a> The “restrained suggestion of traditional design” drew references from the Monterey Colonial Revival style, long favored by Witmer & Watson. </span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In order to avoid the potential monotony of such simple architecture on such an extensive site, an important design consideration was to group buildings in clusters of similar style, using color as a tool to break up the repetitiousness. Buildings were to be covered in stucco which had an integral light-colored pastel pigment, reducing the necessity of maintenance, while doors, windows and trim were painted in more vibrant and contrasting pastel shades. This design strategy gave each individual area in the community its own unique identity, while providing a means for residents to differentiate one court or section from another.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-right: 1em; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8RvbMI3nytY_YLX23NomXlbAf7RV2iyRElS0GkstgOB3SwbZizZREnpmJg7ve8pH7hZtE3fuv1d3VT1OcRjEBV8I6ZFJq_puGAWVNSFb2BPmcXfTZEgmxv0po9bnjnfSAd-30iwCXf3mw/s1600/whitt+const.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="496" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8RvbMI3nytY_YLX23NomXlbAf7RV2iyRElS0GkstgOB3SwbZizZREnpmJg7ve8pH7hZtE3fuv1d3VT1OcRjEBV8I6ZFJq_puGAWVNSFb2BPmcXfTZEgmxv0po9bnjnfSAd-30iwCXf3mw/s640/whitt+const.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="640" /></a></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><i>The landscape being installed at Wyvernwood, May, 1939. Note the Sears-Roebuck tower in the distance.<br />
Dick Whittington Photo Archives, USC.</i></b></div></td></tr>
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</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">LANDSCAPE DESIGN</span></b></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Hammond Sadler began work designing what was "declared to be the largest single landscaping job of its kind ever undertaken in the West. In all, more than 70 per cent of the entire 72 1/2 acres which the development occupies, is to be devoted to garden-type landscaping. Approximately 600,000 trees, shrubs and plants will be necessary to complete this huge task." Sadler's plan provided for a "landscaping scheme of integrated parks, lanes and courts offering a developing interest, with a wealth of color and variety in trees and planting material." Fourteen acres alone were to be devoted to lawns, while</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: monospace; white-space: pre;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; white-space: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px; white-space: pre;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"> </span></span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px; white-space: pre;">"</span>all buildings throughout the entire community face on large landscaped areas. Some are more than 1000 feet long. Buildings are widely separated and so situated that there is a lovely garden view from every room.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px; white-space: pre;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn27" name="_ednref27" title="">[xxvii]</a></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Though a full-time permanent staff of twenty-five gardeners was planned, Sadler used plant material from his trusted tool box of trees and plants developed in his years in California; plants which were mostly native or Mediterranean, in order to conserve water and reduce maintenance. Most apartments were given small, private garden areas to plant their own flowers, further reducing maintenance provided by the management.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"> <span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn28" name="_ednref28" title="">[xxviii]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn28" name="_ednref28" title=""></a></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Like the buildings, Sadler’s landscape plan also used color effectively to differentiate certain areas of the Wyvernwood community. “Thousands of varicolored flowers and shrubs” were later described as having “enhanced the picturesque appearance” of the community. <span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn29" name="_ednref29" title="">[xxix]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn29" name="_ednref29" title=""></a></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">One area in particular called the Olive Court was given a lot of attention in the press. “The garden area separating the two rows of buildings is known as Sussex Lane and is approximately 1100 feet long and 100 feet wide and entirely planted to grass, plants, shrubs and trees with walks running between the buildings. In the center of this particular area is Olive Court which is approximately 175 feet wide and 225 feet long.” The olive trees planted were mature specimens, 30-35 feet high. Over 100 trees were to be planted just in this area alone.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"> <span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn30" name="_ednref30" title="">[xxx]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn30" name="_ednref30" title=""></a></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">An important element in the landscape, which Sadler designed in collaboration with the architects, was the many areas which were set aside for the recreational use of the community. “Residents of Wyvernwood are given full use of badminton courts and a number of these courts are located at close intervals though the community. Numerous play yards, completely equipped with slides, swings and sand boxes, are available for use of residents’ children.”<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn31" name="_ednref31" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;">[xxxi]</span></span></span></a> These small play yards were situated to be visible from dwelling units.</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">A much larger, 5-acre playground for older children and adults, covering almost a full square block, was also planned, and would include a baseball diamond, handball and horseshoe courts and facilities for numerous other sports<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn32" name="_ednref32" title="">[xxxii]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn32" name="_ednref32" title=""></a></span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQuwyH4eEF7XEiweA9mZlXkDmNEacwmEV4rKeEkz2cWuCSwGZEE5bXmqj3u8iASTCcIIRPNLrj6hwWPv9SSmdmSqiKIdmrmrUMm9z0G4Bd85ryF3hheLatLTG_fbN5uZJGG2iXb8KC3Bli/s1600/work+army.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="523" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQuwyH4eEF7XEiweA9mZlXkDmNEacwmEV4rKeEkz2cWuCSwGZEE5bXmqj3u8iASTCcIIRPNLrj6hwWPv9SSmdmSqiKIdmrmrUMm9z0G4Bd85ryF3hheLatLTG_fbN5uZJGG2iXb8KC3Bli/s640/work+army.gif" style="cursor: move;" width="640" /></a></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><i>The work crews collect their paychecks, Wyvernwood, 1939</i></b></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">MASS PRODUCTION CONCEPTS</span></b></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">With plans for the design of the community finalized, and funding secured, John S. Griffith and his design team created state-of-the-art mass-production construction techniques for efficient building. Mass production techniques had been perfected years earlier by Henry Ford for automobile production, and would soon be utilized extensively at defense factories all over the Southland. Griffith said that “for the first time the application of modern large scale construction methods has made it possible for people to really get their money’s worth.”<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn33" name="_ednref33" title="">[xxxiii]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn33" name="_ednref33" title=""></a></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">“A great deal of study was given to prefabrication and rationalized building techniques, in order to take full advantage of the economies which the huge size of the project made possible. Low rents are attributed to the savings thus affected. Ready-mixed concrete for foundations; standard, demountable, steel and plywood forms which were used over and over again; exceptionally accurate installation of rough framing to receive mill work with a minimum of fitting; prefitted, premortised windows and doors; and site fabricated roof trusses were all employed for their small unit savings which add up to huge totals when applied to the project as a whole. Even the unusual character of the planting was dictated by the same desire for maximum economy.”<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn34" name="_ednref34" title="">[xxxiv]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn34" name="_ednref34" title=""></a></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Griffith explained that “such projects are made possible through careful planning plus large-scale construction and operation. Obviously it is possible to buy a far superior quality of equipment and materials when building 1000 apartments than when building a dozen or so.”<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn35" name="_ednref35" title="">[xxxv]</a></span></span></span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The Los Angeles firm of Lindgren & Swinnerton was awarded the enormous construction contract. A ten month estimated construction period was indicated, with five weeks necessary to assemble building materials before work could start.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn36" name="_ednref36" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;">[xxxvi]</span></span></span></a> “Exclusive use of Los Angeles labor and Southern California materials” was assured, including over 80,000 bags of cement, 2500 kegs of nails and 350 tons of reinforced steel. “From 700 to 1000 men directly employed in the skilled building trades will be working steadily for a period of ten months, with a pay roll of approximately $1,125,000.”<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn37" name="_ednref37" title="">[xxxvii]</a></span></span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">On the morning of July 14, 1938, the front page of the <i>Los Angeles Times</i> announced that “Seven million board feet of lumber will begin singing through a sawmill on the East Side within the next sixty days when work begins on one of the largest housing projects in the building annals of America.” The sawmill, set up adjacent to the construction site, would “cut and finish the forest of trees needed in construction. The lumber for each unit of the project will be delivered cut to size.”<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn38" name="_ednref38" title="">[xxxviii]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn38" name="_ednref38" title=""></a></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">But it wasn’t only the buildings which benefitted from these innovative mass production techniques – the landscape was also “mass produced” on-site. This succeeded in increasing efficiency, with the added benefit that the plant material could acclimate itself to the site over that time.</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">More than a year before Wyvernwood opened, Peck & Wadsworth, landscape contractors with a nursery specializing in fine trees, established an on-site, ten acre nursery immediately adjoining the construction site “where almost everything used in the beautification of the community has been grown. In all, over 600,000 plants, shrubs and trees will be required.”<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn39" name="_ednref39" title="">[xxxix]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn39" name="_ednref39" title=""></a></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-right: 1em; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJoANBhfBWFErj8QhtsCXzGLLkUFktM-dogbwC71erPJ5QcmSRcyGChCe91NkcZsUDtLFqZZKmFCbv6XFo7rj3in_d0X9FdOyRO3mWbqgKvPLxyYZxt_Yso9axrYgpu6BD_apeVfV2rT85/s1600/whitt+const+4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="510" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJoANBhfBWFErj8QhtsCXzGLLkUFktM-dogbwC71erPJ5QcmSRcyGChCe91NkcZsUDtLFqZZKmFCbv6XFo7rj3in_d0X9FdOyRO3mWbqgKvPLxyYZxt_Yso9axrYgpu6BD_apeVfV2rT85/s640/whitt+const+4.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="640" /></a></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><i>Wyvernwood under construction, 1939. Dick Whittington Photo Archives, USC.</i></b></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></b></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></b></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">NEW IDEAS IN MANAGEMENT<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">When John S. Griffith began determining management policies for the quickly-rising community, he had very little in the way of experience and guidance from similar properties from which to draw. As a result, many important considerations of landlord-tenant relationships had to be decided arbitrarily.</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Griffith knew that what they were building was unprecedented, and he wanted Wyvernwood to be a model not only of the latest in financing, technology and site planning, but also an example of a new and active community which would strive to be a new paradigm for human rights.</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Appointing Howard Cunningham as manager of operations for Wyvernwood, they started by tacking a large printed copy of the Golden Rule on their office wall and went to work. “Do unto others as you would have them do unto you” became their guiding principle.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"> <span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn40" name="_ednref40" title="">[xl]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn40" name="_ednref40" title=""></a></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Naturally, the policies they would create would have to provide the utmost in protection to the Hostetter Estate, the owners of the property. However, from a tenant’s standpoint, “the entire theme of living in a new type of community such as Wyvernwood was different from any they previously had known.” Therefore, one of the most important problems was “the selection of tenants who would establish and preserve harmony among themselves.”</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7hKhQ1AhIdsxg8a1hAK0Y5bsWMu9-TjAGfkLF3jVBwoXVjkWtXWBtLT-lV558Lu7tZRDbmxD1CNS5FMrIC0ISfT8HG28S2GF4vreMwZkFdQQ2OlPwBM4OMoqvw41TKluChhA766tvYPT5/s1600/griffith.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7hKhQ1AhIdsxg8a1hAK0Y5bsWMu9-TjAGfkLF3jVBwoXVjkWtXWBtLT-lV558Lu7tZRDbmxD1CNS5FMrIC0ISfT8HG28S2GF4vreMwZkFdQQ2OlPwBM4OMoqvw41TKluChhA766tvYPT5/s320/griffith.gif" width="160" /></a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">According to FHA guidelines, “in the operation and management of the property itself, the corporation is free to determine its own policies.” It was said that “the terms of leases generally conform to practices prevailing in the particular communities, although the inclination is to favor a simplified lease form.”<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"> <span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn41" name="_ednref41" title="">[xli]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn41" name="_ednref41" title=""></a></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In Southern California, however, it was not customary for owners of rental properties to require tenants to sign a lease. Griffith and Cunningham decided to forego the idea of introducing a lease, instead developing a formal application process for rental designed to give the management practically the same protection normally offered by a lease, with the added function of “keeping out the undesirables,” noting that while it is essential to have a ready means of eliminating those deemed undesirable, “it is still more important to prevent their gaining entrance in the first instance.”<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn42" name="_ednref42" title="">[xlii]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn42" name="_ednref42" title=""></a></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The formal process, apparently unprecedented, required a prospective renter to fill out an application form, listing their present address, past address over a 5-year period, business address, name of business or name of employer, credit references, nationality, number in family, age of children, type of pets owned, and the unit desired.</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The completed application was sent to an investigation bureau for checking, and then to a renting committee. Reasons for rejection ranged from “bad credit and destructive habits to unacceptable moral characteristics and inharmonious neighbor relations.”<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn43" name="_ednref43" title="">[xliii]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn43" name="_ednref43" title=""></a></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Griffith pointed out that “when the tenant moves in, an effort is made to impress upon him the idea that Wyvernwood is on trial for him, and the he is on trial for Wyvernwood, and also that should the trial prove unsatisfactory either to him or the management the arrangement can be terminated easily without the cumbersome process of canceling a lease.” Units would be rented on a month-to-month basis, with only a 30 days’ written notice required on the part of either party.</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Rents were set at approximately $8.75 per room per month, or a unit average of approximately $35 (upon opening, rents ranged from $29.95 per month for a one bedroom, to $43.75 per month for a three bedroom. Rental prices included range, refrigerator, water and garden maintenance)<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn44" name="_ednref44" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;">[xliv]</span></span></span></a>. It was noted that “the mild climate made possible a low-cost type of construction, so that the mortgage financing amounted to only $648 per room, or approximately $2,600 per family unit. The owners voluntarily reduced rents to an average of less than $8.50 per room for the first units completed, and reports indicate that full occupancy will be attained on completion.”<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn45" name="_ednref45" title="">[xlv]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn45" name="_ednref45" title=""></a></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">A plan for permanent maintenance requires that one-fourth of the total annual rental for each of the 1102 dwellings be set aside to provide constant maintenance of buildings and grounds.”<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn46" name="_ednref46" title="">[xlvi]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn46" name="_ednref46" title=""></a></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">All phases of Wyvernwood’s management would be handled by the project’s own administrative staff, which was headed by Howard Cunningham. He oversaw various departments including general administration, renting, service collecting and auditing, and maintenance.</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">“In many respects the Wyvernwood Administration Building, which is a two-story office structure similar in architecture to the residential buildings and which serves as headquarters for the administrative staff, closely resembles in function a small-town city hall. From the standpoint of administration its principal activity is to promote and maintain community harmony. Probably the best approach to this problem is the one emphasized by the Wyvernwood management – careful selection of residents.”</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_edn47" name="_ednref47" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" title="">[xlvii]</a></span></span></span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">Construction ran smoothly during 1939, and an opening date of August 25 was set.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">SEE THE ENTIRE SET OF WYVERNWOOD POSTS <b><u><a href="http://baldwinhillsvillageandthevillagegreen.blogspot.com/2011/09/complete-wyvernwood-series.html">HERE</a></u></b></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"></div><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div id="edn1"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref1" name="_edn1" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[i]</span></span></span></a> “Wyvernwood Village,” California Arts & Architecture, Sep 1940, p. 28</div></div></div><div id="edn2"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref2" name="_edn2" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[ii]</span></span></span></a> “Development Hailed Housing Achievement,” Los Angeles Times, August 25, 1939, p. 11</div></div></div><div id="edn3"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref3" name="_edn3" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[iii]</span></span></span></a> “Largest Rental Housing Project Under Way,” <i>Insured Mortgage Portfolio</i>, Vol. 3, 1938, p. 19; It was reported that “the project is financed by $425,000 in private funds and a $3,000,000 loan under the Federal Housing Act,” with the $3,000,000 coming from the Bank of America National Trust & Savings Association.</div></div></div><div id="edn4"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref4" name="_edn4" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[iv]</span></span></span></a> “Garden Apartments, Apartment Houses and Apartment Complexes in Arlington County, Virginia 1934-1954,” US Department of the Interior, National Park Service, National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet, Section E, p. 17</div></div></div><div id="edn5"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref5" name="_edn5" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[v]</span></span></span></a> Ibid.</div></div></div><div id="edn6"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref6" name="_edn6" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[vi]</span></span></span></a> “Garden Apartments,” The Architectural Forum, May 1940, p. 309</div></div></div><div id="edn7"><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref7" name="_edn7" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;">[vii]</span></span></span></a> <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">“FHA Experience With Rental Housing,” <i>Insured Mortgage Portfolio</i>, Vol. 4, April, 1940, p. 12; The success of Colonial Village coincided with the beginning of conceptual development of Baldwin Hills Village – Reginald D. Johnson and Lewis E. Wilson began collaborating on the Village in 1935, looking for a suitable piece of land in Los Angeles, with Robert E. Alexander doing the first sketch for the Village in 1935 as well.</span></div></div></div><div id="edn8"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref8" name="_edn8" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[viii]</span></span></span></a> “Multiple Housing Under FHA: Government Housing Standards,” Architectural Record, Sept 1938, p. 97</div></div></div><div id="edn9"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref9" name="_edn9" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[ix]</span></span></span></a> “Garden Apartments,” The Architectural Forum, May 1940, p. 309</div></div></div><div id="edn10"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref10" name="_edn10" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[x]</span></span></span></a> Ibid.</div></div></div><div id="edn11"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref11" name="_edn11" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xi]</span></span></span></a> “Low-Rent Housing as an Investment,” <i>Insured Mortgage Portfolio</i>, Vol. 4, 1939, p. 10</div></div></div><div id="edn12"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref12" name="_edn12" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xii]</span></span></span></a> “Largest Rental Housing Project Under Way, <i>Insured Mortgage Portfolio</i>, Vol. 4, 1939, p. 19</div></div></div><div id="edn13"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref13" name="_edn13" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xiii]</span></span></span></a> “Nation’s Greatest Home Job Starts Here Soon,” Los Angeles Times, Jul 14, 1938, p. 1</div></div></div><div id="edn14"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref14" name="_edn14" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xiv]</span></span></span></a> “Renters Get Money’s Worth,” Los Angeles Times, Aug 25, 1939, p. 11</div></div></div><div id="edn15"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref15" name="_edn15" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xv]</span></span></span></a> While <span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black;">I haven’t been able to pinpoint any structures prior to Wyvernwood that Sadler and Witmer & Watson collaborated on, Witmer & Watson did do some houses in Palos Verdes Estates during the years Sadler was working there with the Olmsted Brothers. Witmer’s sister Mary (Mrs. Levering Lawrason), a friend of Sadler and his wife, was a well-known and successful interior designer in Palos Verdes, while Witmer himself served on the Palos Verdes Estates Art Jury, alongside Hammond Sadler, from 1936-41. So they knew each other socially, as well as professionally. With Sadler’s background developing large-scale “City Beautiful” work with the Olmsted Brothers firm, he would be ideally suited to this unprecedented development.</span></span></div></div></div><div id="edn16"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref16" name="_edn16" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xvi]</span></span></span></a> “Problems of Planning Large Scale Housing Are Discussed by Architect,” <i>Southwest Builder and Contractor</i>, July 14, 1939, pp. 12-13</div></div></div><div id="edn17"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref17" name="_edn17" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xvii]</span></span></span></a> Ibid.</div></div></div><div id="edn18"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref18" name="_edn18" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xviii]</span></span></span></a> “Largest Rental Housing Project Under Way,” <i>Insured Mortgage Portfolio</i>, Vol. 3, 1938, p. 19</div></div></div><div id="edn19"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref19" name="_edn19" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xix]</span></span></span></a> Ibid.</div></div></div><div id="edn20"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref20" name="_edn20" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xx]</span></span></span></a> “Problems of Planning Large Scale Housing Are Discussed by Architect,” <i>Southwest Builder and Contractor</i>, July 14, 1939, pp. 12-13</div></div></div><div id="edn21"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref21" name="_edn21" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xxi]</span></span></span></a> Ibid.</div></div></div><div id="edn22"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref22" name="_edn22" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xxii]</span></span></span></a> Ibid.</div></div></div><div id="edn23"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref23" name="_edn23" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xxiii]</span></span></span></a> “Development Hailed Housing Achievement,” Los Angeles Times, August 25, 1939, p. 11</div></div></div><div id="edn24"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref24" name="_edn24" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xxiv]</span></span></span></a> “Sound Insulation Will Give Added Comfort,” Los Angeles Times, Aug 25, 1939, p. 13</div></div></div><div id="edn25"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref25" name="_edn25" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xxv]</span></span></span></a> “New Plystone Will Delight,” Los Angeles Times, Aug 25, 1939, p. 13</div></div></div><div id="edn26"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref26" name="_edn26" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xxvi]</span></span></span></a> “Problems of Planning Large Scale Housing Are Discussed by Architect,” <i>Southwest Builder and Contractor</i>, July 14, 1939, pp. 12-13</div></div></div><div id="edn27"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref27" name="_edn27" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xxvii]</span></span></span></a> “Landscaping to Be Started,” Los Angeles Times, May 7, 1939, p. E; “Problems of Planning Large Scale Housing Are Discussed by Architect,” <i>Southwest Builder and Contractor</i>, July 14, 1939, pp. 12-13</div></div></div><div id="edn28"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref28" name="_edn28" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xxviii]</span></span></span></a> “Development Hailed Housing Achievement,” Los Angeles Times, August 25, 1939, p. 11</div></div></div><div id="edn29"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref29" name="_edn29" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xxix]</span></span></span></a> “Wyvernwood Homes Open,” Los Angeles Times, Apr 21, 1940, p. E4</div></div></div><div id="edn30"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref30" name="_edn30" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xxx]</span></span></span></a> “Wyvernwood Forging Ahead,” Los Angeles Times, Jul 16, 1939, p. E2</div></div></div><div id="edn31"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref31" name="_edn31" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xxxi]</span></span></span></a> “Wyvernwood Homes Open,” Los Angeles Times, Apr 21, 1940, p. E4</div></div></div><div id="edn32"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref32" name="_edn32" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xxxii]</span></span></span></a> “Work Advanced on Play Area,” Los Angeles Times, Mar 31, 1940, p. E2</div></div></div><div id="edn33"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref33" name="_edn33" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xxxiii]</span></span></span></a> “Renters Get Money’s Worth,” Los Angeles Times, Aug 25, 1939, p. 11</div></div></div><div id="edn34"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref34" name="_edn34" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xxxiv]</span></span></span></a> “Garden Apartments in Los Angeles, Calif,” The Architectural Forum, May 1940, p. 312</div></div></div><div id="edn35"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref35" name="_edn35" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xxxv]</span></span></span></a> “Large-Scale Developments Urged for Low-Cost Rentals,” Los Angeles Times, Jul 26, 1939, p. 9</div></div></div><div id="edn36"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref36" name="_edn36" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xxxvi]</span></span></span></a> “Housing Job Contact Let,” Los Angeles Times, Jul 22, 1938, p. A8</div></div></div><div id="edn37"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref37" name="_edn37" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xxxvii]</span></span></span></a> “Huge Construction Program Will Boost Southland Industry,” Los Angeles Times, Aug 7, 1938, p. 13</div></div></div><div id="edn38"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref38" name="_edn38" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xxxviii]</span></span></span></a> “Nation’s Greatest Home Job Starts Here Soon,” Los Angeles Times, Jul 14, 1938, p. 1</div></div></div><div id="edn39"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref39" name="_edn39" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xxxix]</span></span></span></a> “Sound Insulation Will Give Added Comfort,” Los Angeles Times, Aug 25, 1939, p. 13</div></div></div><div id="edn40"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref40" name="_edn40" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xl]</span></span></span></a> “Wyvernwood and Its Rental Policies,” Insured Mortgage Portfolio, Vol. 4, No. 8, February, 1940, p. 8</div></div></div><div id="edn41"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref41" name="_edn41" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xli]</span></span></span></a> “Rental Housing Management Under FHA,” <i>Insured Mortgage Portfolio</i>, Vol. 3, 1938, p. 25</div></div></div><div id="edn42"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref42" name="_edn42" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xlii]</span></span></span></a> “Wyvernwood and Its Rental Policies,” Insured Mortgage Portfolio, Vol. 4, No. 8, February, 1940, p. 8</div></div></div><div id="edn43"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref43" name="_edn43" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xliii]</span></span></span></a> Ibid.</div></div></div><div id="edn44"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref44" name="_edn44" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xliv]</span></span></span></a> Wyvernwood advertisement, Los Angeles Times, Aug 25, 1939, p. 11</div></div></div><div id="edn45"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref45" name="_edn45" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xlv]</span></span></span></a> “Matching Rental Housing to the Market,” <i>Insured Mortgage Portfolio</i>, Vol. 4, 1939, p. 11</div></div></div><div id="edn46"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref46" name="_edn46" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xlvi]</span></span></span></a> “Permanent Maintenance,” Los Angeles Times, Aug 25, 1939, p. 11</div></div></div><div id="edn47"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/PLANNING%20A%20NEW%20CITY%20July%20blog.doc#_ednref47" name="_edn47" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">[xlvii]</span></span></span></a> “Wyvernwood and Its Rental Policies,” Insured Mortgage Portfolio, Vol. 4, No. 8, February, 1940, p.</div></div></div></div></div>Steven Keylonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11162895111618226987noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-478449696602390151.post-22290149731563662792011-07-14T11:37:00.000-07:002011-11-15T11:33:59.501-08:00Garden Cities at Risk CHAPTER FOUR: Wyvernwood and the "Hostetter Tract"<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;"><i>Part of a series on the Wyvernwood community, the sister city to Baldwin Hills Village/Village Green.</i></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><i>SEE THE ENTIRE WYVERNWOOD SERIES <b><u><a href="http://baldwinhillsvillageandthevillagegreen.blogspot.com/2011/09/complete-wyvernwood-series.html">HERE</a></u></b></i></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq27FWgsg2tvRzQS62SwqWmjCkQZB-HeYT-2cmMg8egdSFQNRwK26D2FzyCfDZ7986PbaWLe8ab_RwE0jP7SK5K2wRx5dRu03_nm8vEn9TL59OppbjMMpl1ptW36OJ8CR8m6k3xw1sBNhs/s1600/BoyleHeights-1877.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="278" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq27FWgsg2tvRzQS62SwqWmjCkQZB-HeYT-2cmMg8egdSFQNRwK26D2FzyCfDZ7986PbaWLe8ab_RwE0jP7SK5K2wRx5dRu03_nm8vEn9TL59OppbjMMpl1ptW36OJ8CR8m6k3xw1sBNhs/s640/BoyleHeights-1877.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Boyle Heights, 1877, with Los Angeles in the distance</i></b></td></tr>
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The land on which Wyvernwood now sits has had a long and interesting history. Known today as Boyle Heights, during the Spanish Colonial era it was known as “Paredon Blanco” (White Bluffs), and was considered rather remote from Los Angeles, being separated from the little town by the Los Angeles River. For decades it was primarily inhabited by the Rubio and Lopez families, but in 1858 Andrew Boyle (1818-1871) purchased a large tract from the Lopez family, building himself a brick house and opening a business. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzdPoFzf5GRsIDBted7Ike9X9bIbdEslYdTeKIgg5sWJbJ676_VB40ViT7DwduR3L5r1EkHyKQWuiXemJeSNApzGZrQIRF58i_JPZQHs1NtynmVhuRGcQCLNVBWuS9u3XnLMN06mdZ6-Iy/s1600/1108.3-48+William+H+Workman+House%252C+Boyle+Heights++c1889.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; display: inline !important; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzdPoFzf5GRsIDBted7Ike9X9bIbdEslYdTeKIgg5sWJbJ676_VB40ViT7DwduR3L5r1EkHyKQWuiXemJeSNApzGZrQIRF58i_JPZQHs1NtynmVhuRGcQCLNVBWuS9u3XnLMN06mdZ6-Iy/s400/1108.3-48+William+H+Workman+House%252C+Boyle+Heights++c1889.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>William Workman's second home in Boyle Heights. <br />
Boyle Heights History Blog</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">After he died, Boyle’s daughter and her husband William Workman (1839-1918) began to subdivide part of Boyle’s property, calling the area Boyle Heights. During the late Victorian period, Boyle Heights became a fashionable place to live, but over time the area became known primarily as an industrial center, and also as a gateway for immigrants who might otherwise be restricted from certain sections of Los Angeles. This resulted in a widely varied and thriving community, comprised of nearly every ethnicity and religion, unique in Los Angeles in the years prior to World War II.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The actual parcel of land on which Wyvernwood was eventually built was known for generations as the “Hostetter Tract,” the land being obtained by the Hostetter family of Pittsburgh for next to nothing, as payment to settle a bad debt. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Conceived by two visionary businessmen, the creation of the Wyvernwood community was possible not only because of their foresight and entrepreneurial savvy, but also because of the unique set of circumstances happening during their time. Like Witmer & Watson and Hammond Sadler, the artistic geniuses responsible for the successful and innovative design of Wyvernwood, these two exceptional businessmen - <b>D. Herbert Hostetter</b>, and the son-in-law he probably never met, <b>John S. Griffith</b> – are largely forgotten today, but were well-known and respected during their lifetimes. Though both grew up with wealth and privilege, they shared a common goal in the </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">idealistic </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">communities they both envisioned, communities which they hoped might bring modern, superior living conditions and shared open green spaces to the middle class. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7A0zxBnWC8eDM6ZYHidICUXLNQJCYy7JDhimuJC7l_xZG5_rQh4qHiqVtBzvOag83liA7SDkNsdo2nMX73vUpl1gm0Pe5Nq31NX12zIDYxt4_FfAQXBfMbZdnWY-s6k8ldqoC-ieMOSKB/s1600/Hostetter+bitters+1891.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="520" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7A0zxBnWC8eDM6ZYHidICUXLNQJCYy7JDhimuJC7l_xZG5_rQh4qHiqVtBzvOag83liA7SDkNsdo2nMX73vUpl1gm0Pe5Nq31NX12zIDYxt4_FfAQXBfMbZdnWY-s6k8ldqoC-ieMOSKB/s640/Hostetter+bitters+1891.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Hostetter's Stomach Bitters advertisement, 1880's.<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">D. HERBERT HOSTETTER (1859-1924)<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5b0YW8PTKRSRR4iX7UQ7GAdJyDnfbi__NS_-SpOWAJY47NuKX8QUXZnTyK9DzzBXfzIpn35gu3uPOdcW06RQHDepYzavAcreUzwOiYOM4j2CXE7hWdIlDPVvEodMciGvCtj_m0Yb5Hixw/s1600/hostetter+picture.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5b0YW8PTKRSRR4iX7UQ7GAdJyDnfbi__NS_-SpOWAJY47NuKX8QUXZnTyK9DzzBXfzIpn35gu3uPOdcW06RQHDepYzavAcreUzwOiYOM4j2CXE7hWdIlDPVvEodMciGvCtj_m0Yb5Hixw/s400/hostetter+picture.jpg" width="297" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>D. Herbert Hostetter</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">There was a bitters boom during the mid-19<sup>th</sup> Century, due to the growing temperance movement, as well as to expanding taxation and restrictions on the sale of liquor. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The Hostetter family fortune was built on bitters. By adding small amounts of herbal bitters to concoctions consisting mostly of gin or whiskey, “medicinal” bitters were merely alcohol disguised as medicine, the alcohol content promoted as vital, necessary to "preserve the medicinal properties of the vegetable extracts in a fluid state."</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">D. Herbert Hostetter's grandfather, Dr. Jacob Hostetter of Lancaster, Pennsylvania developed a recipe for bitters (consisting of </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 17px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">chincona bark, quinine, colombo and gentian root) </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">which he distributed to his patients. Dr. Hostetter’s son, David Hostetter - returning to Pittsburgh after successfully striking it rich in the Gold Rush of ’49 - put Dr. Hostetter’s bitters formula into mass production beginning in 1853. In partnership with George W. Smith, the Hostetter & Smith Company’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dr.</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hostetter’s Celebrated Stomach Bitters </i>was an immediate success, due partly to the fact that it was about 47% alcohol, and 94 Proof! During the Civil War, Hostetter’s Stomach Bitters were purchased by the Union army by the box car load, and used by soldiers as a “positive protective against the fatal maladies of the Southern swamps, and the poisonous tendency of the impure rivers and bayous.”<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_edn1" name="_ednref1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title="">[i]</a> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">While just one bottle of this miracle elixir</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"> "creates </span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">an appetite, forces off impure bile and purifies the system,” “Two bottles cures bad livers and lends strength and cheerfulness.”</span></span><br />
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</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE0DZ2NPj-UB-Nl2BI-89w-xBQhfVTq-vsj5MQjtun7O0Cui1jQn0XHibgu7KyueaiTcNWWGBlc5rI_itM0yoZ3wJPjMaDjzSXVVul7S1CJK0PSk9Fr-8-xl6UHUmq_ypBebZYj2uYVZv2/s1600/bitters.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE0DZ2NPj-UB-Nl2BI-89w-xBQhfVTq-vsj5MQjtun7O0Cui1jQn0XHibgu7KyueaiTcNWWGBlc5rI_itM0yoZ3wJPjMaDjzSXVVul7S1CJK0PSk9Fr-8-xl6UHUmq_ypBebZYj2uYVZv2/s400/bitters.jpg" width="167" /></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">After partner Smith died in 1874, the Hostetter & Company continued to prosper. As alcohol prices rose, the alcohol content was cut – though the spirits were still strong enough that when alcohol was banned in Alaska, saloon proprietors began selling Hostetter’s by the glass! Eventually, Hostetter branched out to other lucrative ventures, becoming a pioneer in oil and natural gas, founding the Fort Pitt National Bank, and becoming a director in the Farmers Deposit National Bank. He also promoted railroad construction and did much toward the building of the P. & L. E. Railroad.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">David Hostetter’s son, <b>David Herbert (D. Herbert) </b>was born August 31, 1859. Taught by private tutors, he eventually studied for a year at Heidelberg University, returning to Pittsburgh where he graduated from Duff’s College. Diligent and capable, he was trained as the heir apparent to the Hostetter fortune, and began to build the brand, spending large sums on advertising, in addition to expanding the popular <i>Illustrated</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hostetter’s Almanac</i>, exploiting its effectiveness as an entertaining marketing tool. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">D. Herbert married Miss Miriam R. Gerdes in 1887. </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The elder David Hostetter died in November, 1888, leaving D. Herbert in charge of his personal estate, valued (outside of real estate holdings) at $6,635,322.19, to be distributed to his wife and three children.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_edn2" name="_ednref2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">[ii]</span></span></span></a> Shortly thereafter, D. Herbert took hold of the many business interests of his father, and in 1889 he formed a corporation, naming himself president. He proved to be an astute business leader, and the company prospered as never before.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Gradually, however, Hostetter’s business interests changed, and he passed off much of the management of the various other Hostetter ventures, choosing to focus his efforts on the Hostetter’s Bitters company.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivxY5cqTNdDN1S589CehVGHB168hDLG1VQ914shSS_ESUESaxaXWEceK2-7RtCyo8MzZGafuIfgicfLB-TjLdyGPtdU5ETMRbSvGOadtkv3Rm32_C9VsP0g7-OMnsNMCKDz9atVEN4eon-/s1600/bitter.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivxY5cqTNdDN1S589CehVGHB168hDLG1VQ914shSS_ESUESaxaXWEceK2-7RtCyo8MzZGafuIfgicfLB-TjLdyGPtdU5ETMRbSvGOadtkv3Rm32_C9VsP0g7-OMnsNMCKDz9atVEN4eon-/s640/bitter.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">D. Herbert and Miriam Hostetter had four children – D. Herbert, Jr., Fred, Miriam and Helene. It was said that D. Herbert “held as clear and definite ideas about the bringing up of children as he did about the bringing up to full efficiency of those famous bitters from which the wealth of the family is mainly derived.” </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjswihhEHq_fV4fZB7g1rd-MucoJfzWU4ZIhurcB8fpV1bPwkx_zdjsCF8mbDungLVvIstAThf4-s7fhZUg68KCq6vV_QY_nDNIr6CHyydIBSqxM54gJqZy_KmQxbeR2BubE4swAhUyKNe9/s1600/jr.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjswihhEHq_fV4fZB7g1rd-MucoJfzWU4ZIhurcB8fpV1bPwkx_zdjsCF8mbDungLVvIstAThf4-s7fhZUg68KCq6vV_QY_nDNIr6CHyydIBSqxM54gJqZy_KmQxbeR2BubE4swAhUyKNe9/s400/jr.jpg" width="340" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>D. Herbert, Jr. and his surprise bride</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">A very thoughtful and involved parent, “most eagerly concerned with their welfare,” he believed that “a great deal of the trouble in the world comes from too early or willful romances. Therefore, if one kept a boy always with boys and away from the girls,” and vice versa, that “love’s disturbing element could not enter into their lives. It was all very simple. Yet, alas for Papa Hostetter’s precautions, and doubly alas for his logic. He has had a bitter disillusionment!” First, in 1912, young D. Herbert, Jr., a junior at Princeton, ran off and married Miss Margaret Brown, a girl the family had never met. He got the full Hostetter wrath, until the family realized that the Browns of St. Louis “were leaders in the most fashionable set of that city, belonged, indeed to the truly elect, and that their son, despite his defiance of Papa Hostetter’s theories, had secured a real prize.”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmqtLUfFOi-n-SOAZcbWmXhzNObwUGq7UTiByxYykZ9Mh52aHf_5gMih4IKzH9P-64YFOt-0xG7ZDft5TfTH_ONfUcDGkTkuHpNkl0EsHUlbC2PhiX-2qqt4SLOleU5OdMzi9UPiPr9-Zy/s1600/2-miriam-breed.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmqtLUfFOi-n-SOAZcbWmXhzNObwUGq7UTiByxYykZ9Mh52aHf_5gMih4IKzH9P-64YFOt-0xG7ZDft5TfTH_ONfUcDGkTkuHpNkl0EsHUlbC2PhiX-2qqt4SLOleU5OdMzi9UPiPr9-Zy/s400/2-miriam-breed.jpg" width="173" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>The much married Miriam<br />
V. Hostetter</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Fortunately, the next to marry, Hostetter's other son Frederick G. "was conservatively and decorously wedded to a girl that Papa Hostetter and Mamma Hostetter thoroughly approved of." </span><br />
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</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Papa Hostetter was not so lucky with daughter Miriam, however, for she suddenly eloped in 1920 with a young man named Malcolm Smith, amidst rumors of "rope ladders, an awaiting swift automobile, all the scenery of the real old fashioned elopement, with modern invention to aid." Hostetter needn't have worried, as Mr. Smith would be jettisoned shortly thereafter, replaced by at least three more husbands in the years to come.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_edn3" name="_ednref3" title="">[iii]</a></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">That left one daughter, pretty and popular Helene, “a slip of a girl of sixteen." All the hopes of the Hostetters now rested on her, "so the whole interesting situation may at the last break “fifty-fifty” for the seclusion theory after all.” Time would prove this to be true, and it was through her marriage to a man her father never met (though of whom he would have been very proud) that the Hostetter fortune would continue to thrive and prosper.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Hostetter’s riches allowed him to indulge in the finer things in life, things like his several estates – the family mansion in Pittsburgh, an apartment in New York, summer houses in East Hampton, New York and Beverly, Massachusetts (named, by the way, “Wyvernwood” – which is how the community got such a peculiar name), and finally in the 1890’s, a large and elegant winter estate at 463 South Orange Grove avenue in Pasadena, where, for the next thirty years, the Hostetters gave some spectacular parties and events.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">D. Herbert Hostetter was widely known as a sportsman. He was one of the first members of the Pasadena Golf Club, was a champion tennis player, a breeder of “blooded horses,” active in trap-shooting circles, and was a member of “the Heron Gun Club of Pennsylvania, the Midwick Country Club of Pasadena, the New York Yacht Club and the East Hampton Club of Long Island, New York.”<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_edn9" name="_ednref9" title="">[ix]</a></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">And, like most modern millionaires, Hostetter also had a fondness for fine machines. He had an exceptional yacht, the Kestill II, which he donated to the government during World War I for war uses, and was known to always have the latest in automobile technology.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin0qCgSMvLZbtDAWb_KjrLmuscnqWLg9HLHwQiUjM9fFm3npQpCRxkJkuzPTUQBtb57_gIp3UPJZX18O35RRaNaJ5rnt4Ljb0Yw5hJYfBT1yuZv7FXf5IILkd00dH0oA__Evsr-Ne6JTVd/s1600/doble_steam_car_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin0qCgSMvLZbtDAWb_KjrLmuscnqWLg9HLHwQiUjM9fFm3npQpCRxkJkuzPTUQBtb57_gIp3UPJZX18O35RRaNaJ5rnt4Ljb0Yw5hJYfBT1yuZv7FXf5IILkd00dH0oA__Evsr-Ne6JTVd/s400/doble_steam_car_1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>D. Herbert's final automobile purchase, a 1924 Doble Steamer,<br />
Chassis #11, Model "E" California Hard-top<br />
Phaeton, body by Murphy. Present owner is<br />
Mr. William Lloyd of Australia.</i></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGmyrruq1wcKGUIQx0GKWAIStb6_8GYYLl5wtcKHIf4htI6WpK7smOiQB0l6qGUKnRryRGvWE5KfR41vLCbL7But7EiO_X4fN5z_enBL1DXD6_RVsWEAbyMNFH40PTPHwoapl1PPPV-VY4/s1600/yacht.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGmyrruq1wcKGUIQx0GKWAIStb6_8GYYLl5wtcKHIf4htI6WpK7smOiQB0l6qGUKnRryRGvWE5KfR41vLCbL7But7EiO_X4fN5z_enBL1DXD6_RVsWEAbyMNFH40PTPHwoapl1PPPV-VY4/s400/yacht.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>D. Herbert Hostetter's yacht, Kestrell II, was built in 1912<br />
and borrowed during World War I by the U.S. Navy<br />
for use as a section patrol, watching over Long Island<br />
Sound for the duration. She was returned to Hostetter<br />
upon War's end.</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">THE HOSTETTER TRACT</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">D. Herbert Hostetter began coming to Southern California for the benefit of his health, staying first at the St. Elmo Hotel in Los Angeles, and later at the Huntington Hotel in Pasadena, before building his own stately home in Pasadena.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_edn4" name="_ednref4" style="mso-endnote-id: edn4;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">[iv]</span></span></span></a> Years earlier (probably around 1870), the Hostetter & Smith company had taken a large piece of worthless “waste land” in what is now known as Boyle Heights as payment on a bad bitters debt of $1,000. That piece of land, known from then on as the “Hostetter Tract,” would prove to be a good investment. While Hostetter was on a restorative trip to Los Angeles in 1888, he sold “the worst half of that piece of ground for $900,000.”<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_edn5" name="_ednref5" style="mso-endnote-id: edn5;" title="">[v]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_edn5" name="_ednref5" title=""></a></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">D. Herbert Hostetter remained active, industrious and prosperous for years, but the stress of running an empire eventually began to take its toll, and he began to feel unwell. He closed down his Pittsburgh mansion in November, 1923, coming to his Pasadena house to recuperate for an extended period. He was accompanied by his wife Miriam and daughter Helene. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzBij61XWpws3Vj1nsCjmL-DGKrGG97RorzKELE5CAAzRUPfDewRFx9tZ2JR5CMWA2OHvYHG7z99mxpMQD2z-lyxELN7zPuA6B6eyPB7TQdRjyvTkZu0oHcgBSEAH7_iwI3YR-VjftZNNv/s1600/coming%2521.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzBij61XWpws3Vj1nsCjmL-DGKrGG97RorzKELE5CAAzRUPfDewRFx9tZ2JR5CMWA2OHvYHG7z99mxpMQD2z-lyxELN7zPuA6B6eyPB7TQdRjyvTkZu0oHcgBSEAH7_iwI3YR-VjftZNNv/s640/coming%2521.gif" width="208" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">While he was supposed to be recovering his health in Southern California, as usual Hostetter couldn't bear to remain idle, finally having the time to think about developing his vast and mostly wide open Hostetter Tract. Plans had recently been approved for the construction of a Ninth Street Bridge (later renamed the Olympic Boulevard Bridge, in honor of the 1932 Olympics), which would directly connect the Hostetter tract to downtown Los Angeles to the west, making his land “one of the most valued pieces of property in the city. Not only is the Hostetter Tract regarded as valuable because of its size, which embraces 370 acres, but also on account of its strategic position with relation to the immediate development of the industrial district on the east side.”<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_edn6" name="_ednref6" style="mso-endnote-id: edn6;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">[vi]</span></span></span></a> In addition to a “high-class industrial district,” Hostetter planned to create a residential section in close proximity, which was heralded as an “important phase of the development plans and this with the eastward trend of the downtown business area is believed to signify rapid development of property.”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">His ideas for this new residential community showed Hostetter to be a prescient and forward-thinking innovator, with plans to build and personally finance 750 “modern homes,” the layout of which would use an unconventional design. Hostetter believed that “the average family who rents is missing a lot of happiness in life because of inadequate living conditions.” He visualized “homes that were far more modern and well maintained – homes located on spacious grounds – with plenty of fresh air and sunlight – and above all, homes where it was possible to relax in quiet and comfort and where the family could really enjoy the benefits of outdoor living.” The houses were described as “unique in design, modern to the minute, and each a part of a community improvement plan which will appeal instantly to every average American family. The prices and terms will be just as attractive as the homes.” Even more inspired, </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">compared to the traditional arrangement, </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Hostetter’s plan turned the houses around, where “the rear of the house faced the street and where the front faced huge recreation and garden areas,” predating Clarence Stein’s similar ideas at Radburn by a couple of years.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_edn7" name="_ednref7" style="mso-endnote-id: edn7;" title="">[vii]</a></span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Unfortunately, Hostetter’s unique vision for an idealized mixed-use community was not to be. On the morning of Saturday, September 28, 1924, D. Herbert Hostetter suffered a fatal heart attack at home in Pasadena. After a funeral in Pasadena, his body was sent back to Pittsburgh for burial. His estate was valued at $4,469,373.27, half of which would go to his widow Miriam, the rest to his four children.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_edn8" name="_ednref8" style="mso-endnote-id: edn8;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">[viii]</span></span></span></a> </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbC15-vp2XGaDwt4pYSfI6sJVaDtKblADxwDWGV5T5APgfrh4Gb9pUPDa6AJq4v5YuDp_VAaTgfSW6ab2gXG1Mvs-69R5nGqQid1CLRaZNMGM5l8acp0U2Nec4KyvQf8lCmcvamGhquYPI/s1600/sears+drawing.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbC15-vp2XGaDwt4pYSfI6sJVaDtKblADxwDWGV5T5APgfrh4Gb9pUPDa6AJq4v5YuDp_VAaTgfSW6ab2gXG1Mvs-69R5nGqQid1CLRaZNMGM5l8acp0U2Nec4KyvQf8lCmcvamGhquYPI/s400/sears+drawing.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Artist's rendition of the multi-million dollar Sears-Roebuck Company<br />
building, 1927</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Though work was temporarily halted on the Hostetter Tract development following his death, with the property tied up in probate litigation, the affairs of the estate were in order by 1927, and it was announced on January 16<sup>th</sup> that the “formal opening of the Hostetter Industrial tract took place last week and thus far the sales have exceeded $3,500,000,” the anchor of which would be a ten-story state-of-the-art Sears-Roebuck Company building. “The fact that the Sears-Roebuck Company selected a site in this tract for its new building emphasizes that big commercial organizations throughout the eastern part of the country are realizing the fact that Los Angeles is the coming industrial center.”<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_edn10" name="_ednref10" style="mso-endnote-id: edn10;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">[x]</span></span></span></a> </span><br />
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtSnRDygMdomlpL7PWvTsilVsrnNl2cbnb5OhvXufcAHG8Ou726hY-31D4AkYan4eEWr9wTOVr0vyJctvRwkfQ9DKem7NzBgml68MB1zRNoeIgDQ35rwTUohPSryx-yq0A-HuKBprCbJlK/s1600/4mil.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtSnRDygMdomlpL7PWvTsilVsrnNl2cbnb5OhvXufcAHG8Ou726hY-31D4AkYan4eEWr9wTOVr0vyJctvRwkfQ9DKem7NzBgml68MB1zRNoeIgDQ35rwTUohPSryx-yq0A-HuKBprCbJlK/s400/4mil.gif" width="400" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Though the residential idea seems to have been discarded, I.D. Budd, an executive in charge of the subdivision of the tract said that “there are other deals involving millions of dollars now pending, the details of which will be forthcoming as soon as negotiations are closed.”<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_edn11" name="_ednref11" style="mso-endnote-id: edn11;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">[xi]</span></span></span></a> The California Produce Terminal was soon announced, a large industrial plant covering three city blocks, at a cost of $2,500,000. “The proximity of the property to Seventh and Broadway, which is only two and one-half miles distant and can be reached within ten minutes time, is one of its great assets.”<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_edn12" name="_ednref12" style="mso-endnote-id: edn12;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">[xii]</span></span></span></a> By April of 1927, sales of 597 business sites amounted to $4,225,000, and it was reported that sales at the Hostetter Industrial Tract “in all probability will hang up a new record of Los Angeles in the sale of business sites in industrial subdivisions.”<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_edn13" name="_ednref13" style="mso-endnote-id: edn13;" title="">[xiii]</a></span></span></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy6DW5ORzLH2tfntRIrtOfwfJqe0VTnDDa4pFp_VLewpN7kgc1sGcXY4XeFTdQwkyHQTM1UXVaCbubr6L4lRHirsLpoFKj47Che90luKGLFa9wO7RePdMU4R0oA4dItRbFc6UzQNnebtiZ/s1600/sears+20s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="432" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy6DW5ORzLH2tfntRIrtOfwfJqe0VTnDDa4pFp_VLewpN7kgc1sGcXY4XeFTdQwkyHQTM1UXVaCbubr6L4lRHirsLpoFKj47Che90luKGLFa9wO7RePdMU4R0oA4dItRbFc6UzQNnebtiZ/s640/sears+20s.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>The Sears-Roebuck Company building, Hostetter Tract, 1927. At the time, the building was a landmark beacon, <br />
seen for miles around. That is still true today, and the tower can be seen from many areas within Wyvernwood. (LAPL)</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">While the incredible development and growth was temporarily halted by 1929 with the onset of the Great Depression, it was that “little slip of a girl,” Hostetter’s youngest daughter Helene, who would ultimately determine the fate of the Hostetter tract, by choosing a husband who would have made her father very, very proud. His name was John S. Griffith, an up-and-coming young man from a well-established Los Angeles family. His vision brought Hostetter’s dream of an idealized residential community back to life, and with his contacts and finesse, and the financial breakthroughs of the day, he was able to improve upon Hostetter’s ideas.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">THE VISIONARY - JOHN S. GRIFFITH (1901-1979)<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-qbDCjIfzhEynrKcCmIuFExdcsLWy_1k_qdnEONYhp_mfsuTYFrYVYeEUp3kZoAH8imuENaPR3J6zarDJDqG1yzipbvFF1yo4uDwa2VPP8S1pkD8_jhb1jvYqQUzcJh5iN-48_IcmMKX2/s1600/john+s+griffith.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-qbDCjIfzhEynrKcCmIuFExdcsLWy_1k_qdnEONYhp_mfsuTYFrYVYeEUp3kZoAH8imuENaPR3J6zarDJDqG1yzipbvFF1yo4uDwa2VPP8S1pkD8_jhb1jvYqQUzcJh5iN-48_IcmMKX2/s320/john+s+griffith.gif" width="272" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>John S. Griffith</b>, a second-generation native of Los Angeles, came from one of the city's earliest and most respected families. His grandfather, John McKim (“J.M.”) Griffith (1829-1906) was one of Los Angeles’ pioneer residents, and was regarded as one of its most enterprising and energetic merchants. At the time of his death, J.M. Griffith was described as one of Los Angeles' “most public-spirited men, a citizen who has been foremost for nearly half a century in almost every undertaking for the upbuilding of the city’s interests."</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Born in Baltimore, J.M. Griffith gave in to the urge to “Go West” during the Gold Rush, later “trading with the Indians at Vancouver.” He then settled in Sacramento and was engaged in freighting on the Sacramento River. In Sacramento, he met and married Miss Sarah Ann Tomlinson in 1857, and it was there that they had a daughter, Alice. </span><br />
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</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The Griffiths moved to Los Angeles in 1862, when it was no more than a “little pueblo.” After settling into an adobe home, Griffith went into the transportation business with his brother-in-law John Tomlinson, conducting a stagecoach line between the harbor at San Pedro and Los Angeles, their main competitor being Phineas Banning. Griffith soon became involved in the young city, and it was said that he was a “powerful factor, not only in the material affairs of the city, but also in every movement made for the betterment of education facilities and for the moral improvement of the community through church organizations.” The Griffiths had three more children after arriving in Los Angeles, sons Howard, Fred and John Tomlinson Griffith.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieowfiYkXEIAoXih_U1RmGEGMqNUfjhzYvC-ZTLTAkXBhCBZcCW3M0d1UomiRNROgI61Eb3l6Z8zC-z6I73-6MpkYLMtMZHiHr_tCxJ38rhpCBTVyqifz1XqaJTJALsMyVMe0-q3UW63dW/s1600/griffith+sr.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieowfiYkXEIAoXih_U1RmGEGMqNUfjhzYvC-ZTLTAkXBhCBZcCW3M0d1UomiRNROgI61Eb3l6Z8zC-z6I73-6MpkYLMtMZHiHr_tCxJ38rhpCBTVyqifz1XqaJTJALsMyVMe0-q3UW63dW/s400/griffith+sr.gif" width="257" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>John M. Griffith, and the first modern house<br />
in Los Angeles</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In addition to his thriving transportation and freight company, in 1868 Griffith established a lumber business, later partnering with J. Lynch in the lumber firm Griffith Lynch & Co. That partnership lasted for several years. </span><br />
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</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Perhaps Los Angeles’ first “modernist,” when he built a large house for his family in 1869 (“the first two-story residence ever put up in the city”), it was considered at the time “the first modern house erected in Los Angeles.” <span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_edn14" name="_ednref14" style="mso-endnote-id: edn14;" title="">[xiv]</a></span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Griffith was a Master Mason, an Odd Fellow, a member of the California Club, Chamber of Commerce, Los Angeles Board of Trade. He helped create the California Red Cross Association. He also served one term as City Park Commissioner, was elected to the Los Angeles County Supervisors and was appointed commissioner of Yosemite Valley by Governor George Stoneman. Proud of his status as one of Los Angeles pioneers, in 1897 he created - and was President of - the “Pioneers of Los Angeles County.” He died in 1906<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"> <span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_edn15" name="_ednref15" style="mso-endnote-id: edn15;" title="">[xv]</a></span></span></span></span><br />
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</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Griffith’s son, John Tomlinson Griffith (1868-1943), was also important in early Los Angeles development. In 1892 he established the John T. Griffith Company, a Real Estate and Insurance business, specializing in “High Class Business and Residential Property.” His offices were in the Wilcox Building.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In October, 1895, the successful young John T. Griffith married Miss Adele Josephine Wedemeyer (1869-1942), daughter of Major and Mrs. William G. Wedemeyer. They had two sons, William H. Griffith and John Stevenson Griffith.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5aV3r2dKrESqXyhVNlQ9kKHXEQDWvoM39jJK95BAP5eGX-rZJ4dg0t4A95v_0fBhhTaOgiel79GmTIdAs_Y9E0r836NQklBkE7b5oA7EDzB1oxzn85n0uPSkD7YtjKposchZ0_u8LOJ69/s1600/griffith+wagen.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5aV3r2dKrESqXyhVNlQ9kKHXEQDWvoM39jJK95BAP5eGX-rZJ4dg0t4A95v_0fBhhTaOgiel79GmTIdAs_Y9E0r836NQklBkE7b5oA7EDzB1oxzn85n0uPSkD7YtjKposchZ0_u8LOJ69/s400/griffith+wagen.gif" width="357" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>The announcement of the creation of Griffith-Wagenseller & Co, 1927</i></b></td></tr>
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</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>John S. Griffith</b>, who would later mastermind the Wyvernwood community, was born February 19, 1901, graduating in 1919 from Los Angeles High School. By 1922, he had purchased a Standard Oil service station, which he ran for several years, before going into the booming stocks and bonds field, taking a job as an investment banker with the California Company.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_edn16" name="_ednref16" style="mso-endnote-id: edn16;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">[xvi]</span></span></span></a> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In 1927, with his friend investment banker Henry Hudson Wagenseller (also formerly of the California Company) Griffith formed an investment firm, Griffith, Wagenseller & Co. (later Griffith, Wagenseller & Durst), an organization which would deal in municipal and corporation bonds, opening an office on the second floor of the Mortgage Guarantee Building. The company was closely identified with the Mortgage Guarantee Company of New York, and was busy underwriting and wholesaling high-grade local bond issues, as well as the retail distribution of securities selected from every important investment market.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaBH09uJ8l9nuUBIl7Nfyt-DIcri-qX3KhllHu_HGka5sIJoXc__6rsBUXyiekbK2vTnE_ovUXlE8W0-j-bYSrJ_wNo4ZVvCD0npRvpKHSN6IrKML9gKBa1CvEW9CzzNucsNrJ3cfOoc3R/s1600/griffith.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; display: inline !important; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaBH09uJ8l9nuUBIl7Nfyt-DIcri-qX3KhllHu_HGka5sIJoXc__6rsBUXyiekbK2vTnE_ovUXlE8W0-j-bYSrJ_wNo4ZVvCD0npRvpKHSN6IrKML9gKBa1CvEW9CzzNucsNrJ3cfOoc3R/s400/griffith.gif" width="200" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXxn3ndebEiOQnWP-hxqqkVooAUrVarMURet5K2qh17qvwAAaBuTfmRxTlzKGX65awOSMrkO-1dTVa2UhIMyU6pPeH4upxdm9RtUwsDybJEkPZrvYPtjQ5aENjunRQSuic36HlaghKNrAo/s1600/Mrs..gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXxn3ndebEiOQnWP-hxqqkVooAUrVarMURet5K2qh17qvwAAaBuTfmRxTlzKGX65awOSMrkO-1dTVa2UhIMyU6pPeH4upxdm9RtUwsDybJEkPZrvYPtjQ5aENjunRQSuic36HlaghKNrAo/s400/Mrs..gif" width="283" /></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Around this time, Griffith began dating Helene Hostetter, “one of the most popular girls in Southern California,” who had been spending winters with her mother at the Hotel Huntington in Pasadena since the death of her father in 1924. Though she had been previously engaged to Arthur Fowler Standiford, Jr. of Ridgewood, New Jersey, that engagement didn’t stick, and in March, 1928, Mrs. D. Herbert Hostetter announced the engagement of her daughter Helene to John S. Griffith.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_edn17" name="_ednref17" style="mso-endnote-id: edn17;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">[xvii]</span></span></span></a> </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">They were married on July 25, 1928, at a beautiful ceremony in Pasadena. It was announced that after a honeymoon (“destination untold”) they would make their home at 803 Columbia Avenue in South Pasadena, in an elegant and stately mansion designed by the firm of Witmer & Watson – the architects responsible later for Wyvernwood. John and Helene had two children - John, Jr. and Miriam Leslie, known as “Mimi”. The family enjoyed summers at their vacation home on Balboa Island in Newport, at 1903 East Bay Front. Later, they moved from Columbia Avenue to a home in Pasadena at 1435 Orlando Road. The home was designed by Baldwin Hills Village architect Reginald D. Johnson<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_edn18" name="_ednref18" style="mso-endnote-id: edn18;" title="">[xviii]</a></span></span></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibGQmu4eJyKmqAUEwC2bmrhMdRX6J2buZYtCdnoesKZLkG0Gn_upctPSRa8AtvjysAqeB39CmgR5dQeLG0ZFfCK_ivWf3P5w29rgbdUyRsWKSuwqB3UwFGQsSM3pZ3rHOsDqtnYafi7rJR/s1600/columbia.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibGQmu4eJyKmqAUEwC2bmrhMdRX6J2buZYtCdnoesKZLkG0Gn_upctPSRa8AtvjysAqeB39CmgR5dQeLG0ZFfCK_ivWf3P5w29rgbdUyRsWKSuwqB3UwFGQsSM3pZ3rHOsDqtnYafi7rJR/s320/columbia.jpg" width="249" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Mr. and Mrs. John S. Griffith's first home,<br />
at 803 Columbia in South Pasadena, designed<br />
by architects David J. Witmer and Loyall<br />
F. Watson</i></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihR8RFUqjOEHIslXEOIiQXDnXY4lamEQR59cmeo14ykcXg_D6GmIFBD4FutTLDds8lu9-L7wvIeTsfnm-qyChiEsDONoud0eE0FGZmolOSPLTrggiOScqwU0J4KmznKjTX6ooudvWXB8pp/s1600/orlando.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihR8RFUqjOEHIslXEOIiQXDnXY4lamEQR59cmeo14ykcXg_D6GmIFBD4FutTLDds8lu9-L7wvIeTsfnm-qyChiEsDONoud0eE0FGZmolOSPLTrggiOScqwU0J4KmznKjTX6ooudvWXB8pp/s320/orlando.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Mr. and Mrs. Griffith's second home, at 1435 Orlando Road,<br />
Pasadena, designed by Reginald D. Johnson<br />
</i></b></td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Even during the very lean years of the Great Depression, the firm of Griffith, Wagenseller & Durst remained in business, and by all appearances was successful, with Griffith reporting in 1934 that demand for California municipal securities was improving, and a strong real estate boom was expected in the following three years.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_edn19" name="_ednref19" style="mso-endnote-id: edn19;" title="">[xix]</a></span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">It was around this time, however, that John S. Griffith began paying attention to new developments in real estate funding made possible with the formation of the Federal Housing Authority (FHA). His extraordinary business savvy and foresight allowed him to see how these financial breakthroughs might provide development opportunities at the still largely undeveloped Hostetter Tract. Building had come to a nearly complete standstill by 1934, with <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Time</i> Magazine reporting in 1935 that in the previous year, shockingly, “more U.S. houses burned down than were put up.”<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_edn20" name="_ednref20" style="mso-endnote-id: edn20;" title="">[xx]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_edn20" name="_ednref20" title=""></a></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">FHA AND NEW OPPORTUNITIES<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Reading the headlines of the early to mid 1930's feels remarkably familiar, the problems then mirroring the problems of today. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">President Franklin D. Roosevelt, elected at the height of the Great Depression, immediately began developing programs meant to alleviate the nation’s financial crisis, focusing first on slowing down mortgage foreclosures. Roosevelt's first step was to establish a new federal agency, the Home Owner’s Loan Corporation (HOLC), which would protect mortgage holders with new standardized structures for payment methods, low-interest refinancing opportunities, and new longer term mortgages. The HOLC was signed into law in June of 1933.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Next, as part of the National Housing Act of 1934, the Federal Housing Authority (FHA) was formed, which mandated that the Federal Government would insure mortgages issued by banks and other financial institutions. Besides making the long-term self-amortizing mortgage loan standard, by the Federal Government insuring mortgages lenders were more willing to extend larger amounts of credit, resulting in the lowering of the down payment required. This opened up the prospect of homeownership to a new class of prospective buyers, including the large working middle-class. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">These changes spurred the resurrection of the nation’s construction industry, and paved the way for more innovative ideas in modern housing. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">PUBLIC HOUSING</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The middle-class, however, wasn’t the only group of Americans which would benefit from new FHA funding concepts. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Like most of the United States, housing conditions in Los Angeles ran a wide gamut of conditions, and was reflective of the economic and social inequality of the city’s population. In Los Angeles, slum conditions were not nearly as severe as they were on the East Coast. But slum conditions did exist, and in 1937, according to writer and architectural critic Esther McCoy 30 percent of all dwellings in Los Angeles had no inside toilet, 50 percent had no bathtub, and 20 percent were unfit for human habitation.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_edn21" name="_ednref21" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;">[xxi]</span></span></span></a> </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">People living in these sub-standard conditions were the next group the government targeted for help. <span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black;">The</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black;">Housing Act of 1937</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black;">, (the</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black;">Wagner-Steagall Act)</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black;">, c</span></span>reated the United States Housing Authority (USHA), which encouraged local authorities to develop local Public Housing projects. As a result, in 1938 Housing Authorities for both the city and county of Los Angeles were established. The Housing Authority of the County of Los Angeles contracted with USHA to develop two housing projects discussed previously <a href="http://baldwinhillsvillageandthevillagegreen.blogspot.com/2011/06/garden-cities-at-risk-clarence-stein.html">here</a> in the Clarence Stein post – the Harbor Hills project, 300 low-rent units near San Pedro, and the Carmelitos project, a 607 unit low-rent project near Long Beach.<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Creating better public housing would create two beneficial results – the first, and most obvious result, was the creation of better housing for low-income families, which would improve the lives of those families, thereby improving the overall well-being of the country. This would free up money for food, clothing and offer an overall higher standard of living. Secondly, building these projects would create thousands of jobs, which in itself would improve the lives of those negatively impacted by the Great Depression.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>NEW IDEAS FOR HOUSING </b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Architect David J. Witmer had been appointed the Supervisor of Architecture for the Southern California district of the FHA, and in that position would have become uniquely adept at understanding the minutiae of FHA requirements and funding, efficient construction methods, and burgeoning development opportunities. At the time, it was noted that Witmer “had become unusually familiar with the modern essentials of good housing as a whole and at the same time he became particularly versed in the requirements of the FHA. He has helped write many FHA regulations. Together with Mr. Watson’s long experience and ability in designing multiple dwelling buildings, there was a wealth of background especially suited for the planning of a community such as Wyvernwood.”<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_edn22" name="_ednref22" style="mso-endnote-id: edn22;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">[xxii]</span></span></span></a> </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">John S. Griffith, while still occupied part-time with his bonds firm, had been studying these developments in FHA funding with increasing interest. From 1934 to 1938, Griffith spent the “major portion of the past five years studying large rental home developments both in this country and abroad." Benefiting by the experience of others, and in collaboration with David J. Witmer, he would bring “into existence a community unparalleled in the history of housing.”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In January, 1938, Griffith finally resigned from the company he had founded – Griffith, Wagenseller & Durst – in order to devote his attention full-time to managing the Hostetter Estate. Soon thereafter, David J. Witmer also resigned; he from the FHA, and together they began collaborating on their cutting-edge plan for Wyvernwood, exploring how the breakthroughs in funding and housing could be adapted for a privately funded (though insured by the FHA), superior housing development, which would be aimed squarely at the middle class.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_edn23" name="_ednref23" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;">[xxiii]</span></span></span></a> </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0OL6VzzD9lc1KOKUHmCeDKoZHiI7rYjVbwigvx9kUfP_TsAkq7qCJU6Bp-ENKjCD8QTchAtURgpBXaIMYCVNf1j1lKHNxO8NZRyvGsJt9LWYA_r2eckEaI76G8-WxO4zl-fh4S2BSSrZr/s1600/tract33.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="345" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0OL6VzzD9lc1KOKUHmCeDKoZHiI7rYjVbwigvx9kUfP_TsAkq7qCJU6Bp-ENKjCD8QTchAtURgpBXaIMYCVNf1j1lKHNxO8NZRyvGsJt9LWYA_r2eckEaI76G8-WxO4zl-fh4S2BSSrZr/s640/tract33.gif" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>The Great Hostetter Industrial Tract, October 2, 1933. At the height of the Great Depression, the majority of the Hostetter Tract was still largely undeveloped. The Sears-Roebuck Company building is seen at lower center, at Olympic Boulevard. The building circled in both pictures is the Los Angeles headquarters of the Mueller Company</i></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0-02fz6MYxankdq0f7O1iIzpF3pYs3dwLNdhWJyRBgL_IbN13AOxHzpSKqI4qyxrmwtecpEKGg4yDnRUDyoeaAvbgx8Un_SkNoKGy_b43QhLKKH_5hmtoPKrx0SYhxwzIgzdduRfxVkD7/s1600/tract50.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="538" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0-02fz6MYxankdq0f7O1iIzpF3pYs3dwLNdhWJyRBgL_IbN13AOxHzpSKqI4qyxrmwtecpEKGg4yDnRUDyoeaAvbgx8Un_SkNoKGy_b43QhLKKH_5hmtoPKrx0SYhxwzIgzdduRfxVkD7/s640/tract50.gif" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>An aerial photograph taken looking at the same spot, September 28, 1949. This photograph shows how successfully John S. Griffith was able to fully develop the Hostetter Tract. Note that the bluffs of the Los Angeles River have been lined in concrete. Note also the Wyvernwood community at the upper left side of the photo, with Estrada Courts immediately adjacent. The relatively few streets of Wyvernwood meander through the Superblock, in contrast to the traditional rectangular street grid in the surrounding areas. This was meant to discourage through traffic within the site.</i></b></td></tr>
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</div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">SEE THE ENTIRE WYVERNWOOD SERIES <b><u><a href="http://baldwinhillsvillageandthevillagegreen.blogspot.com/2011/09/complete-wyvernwood-series.html">HERE</a></u></b> </span></div><div style="mso-element: endnote-list;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br clear="all" /> </span><br />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div id="edn1" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_ednref1" name="_edn1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[i]</span></span></span></a> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Midwest Archeological Center, National Park Service (<a href="http://www.nps.gov/mwac/bottle_glass/hostetter.html">http://www.nps.gov/mwac/bottle_glass/hostetter.html</a>)</span></span></div></div><div id="edn2" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_ednref2" name="_edn2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[ii]</span></span></span></a> “The Hostetter Estate,” Pittsburgh Dispatch, December 6, 1889, p. 8</span></div></div><div id="edn3" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_ednref3" name="_edn3" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[iii]</span></span></span></a> “Papa Hostetter’s Bitter Disillusionment,” The Register, Sandusky, Ohio, Feb 1, 1920. Son D. Herbert, Jr. later divorced his wife. Miriam’s life took a more disturbing turn. She divorced her first husband, and later married Charles Fuller Young, a New York stockbroker. She failed to show up to perform her matron of honor duties at her sister Helene’s wedding to John S. Griffith, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Los Angeles Times</i> reporting that she “was unavoidably detained in the East.” Read between the lines, especially after what transpired in later years. Travelling in 1933 to Reno, seeking her second divorce, Miriam was accompanied by Eugene A. Bowen, “a former New York restaurant owner” and “self styled guardian” to the New York heiress. On June 7, 1933, it was reported in the national press that “because she had spurned his attentions,” Bowen had allegedly beaten her “black and blue on two different occasions.” Bowen, however, had a different story, telling the court that he had only accompanied Mrs. Young to Reno to keep her “from drinking herself to death.” Mrs. Young contradicted this, saying that the “40-year old New York playboy” struck her because she planned a dinner engagement with an automobile salesman, and the second time he beat her after they had completed a six-hour speakeasy tour.” She testified that “only three or four drinks passed her lips on the latter occasion. Mrs. Young’s impeccable conduct on this and other speakeasy visits was challenged by the accused man,” who described her as falling down many times, one of which caused her black eye. The Judge, Francis J. Cunningham, convicted Bowen, and it was noted that Reno “does not approve of New York gigolos coming to Reno to beat up on other men’s wives.” Around 1937 she married William Z. Breed, who she met through her interests with show dogs, but he died around 1939. This was followed by a man named Galligan. She died in 1968.</span></div></div><div id="edn4" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_ednref4" name="_edn4" style="mso-endnote-id: edn4;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[iv]</span></span></span></a> “Personal News,” Los Angeles Times, Sep 30, 1887, p. 8</span></div></div><div id="edn5" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_ednref5" name="_edn5" style="mso-endnote-id: edn5;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[v]</span></span></span></a> “Talks with Citizens,” Los Angeles Times, July 15, 1888, p. 3. </span></div></div><div id="edn6" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_ednref6" name="_edn6" style="mso-endnote-id: edn6;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[vi]</span></span></span></a> “Subdivisions and Subdividers,” Los Angeles Times, May 4, 1924, p. D2</span></div></div><div id="edn7" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_ednref7" name="_edn7" style="mso-endnote-id: edn7;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[vii]</span></span></span></a> “Renters Get Money’s Worth,” Los Angeles Times, August 25, 1939, p. 11</span></div></div><div id="edn8" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_ednref8" name="_edn8" style="mso-endnote-id: edn8;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[viii]</span></span></span></a> “Family Gets Vast Hostetter Estate,” Los Angeles Times, Nov 14, 1925, p. A7</span></div></div><div id="edn9" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_ednref9" name="_edn9" style="mso-endnote-id: edn9;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[ix]</span></span></span></a> “<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black;">HOSTETTER FUNERAL IS TOMORROW: Bitters Manufacturer's Rites Will Be Conducted in Pasadena”. </span></span><span class="italic"><i><span style="color: black;">Los Angeles Times</span></i></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span style="color: black;"> </span></i></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black;">1924, September 29).</span></span></span></div></div><div id="edn10" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_ednref10" name="_edn10" style="mso-endnote-id: edn10;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[x]</span></span></span></a> “Many Buying in Factory Tract,” Los Angeles Times, Jan 23, 1927, p. E11</span></div></div><div id="edn11" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_ednref11" name="_edn11" style="mso-endnote-id: edn11;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xi]</span></span></span></a> “Hostetter Subdivision is Opened,” Los Angeles Times, Jan 16, 1927, p. E5</span></div></div><div id="edn12" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_ednref12" name="_edn12" style="mso-endnote-id: edn12;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xii]</span></span></span></a> “Sears, Roebuck Work Rushed,” Los Angeles Times, Feb 20, 1927, p. E9</span></div></div><div id="edn13" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_ednref13" name="_edn13" style="mso-endnote-id: edn13;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xiii]</span></span></span></a> “Industrial Tract May Set Record,” Los Angeles Times, Apr 24, 1927, p. E9</span></div></div><div id="edn14" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_ednref14" name="_edn14" style="mso-endnote-id: edn14;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xiv]</span></span></span></a> “Useful Life Ends in Rest,” Los Angeles Times, Oct 17, 1906, p. I17</span></div></div><div id="edn15" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_ednref15" name="_edn15" style="mso-endnote-id: edn15;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xv]</span></span></span></a> “Useful Life Ends in Rest,” Los Angeles Times, Oct 17, 1906, p. I17</span></div></div><div id="edn16" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_ednref16" name="_edn16" style="mso-endnote-id: edn16;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xvi]</span></span></span></a> Los Angeles City Directory, 1923</span></div></div><div id="edn17" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_ednref17" name="_edn17" style="mso-endnote-id: edn17;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xvii]</span></span></span></a> “Engagements,” The Index, January 2, 1926, p. 3</span></div></div><div id="edn18" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_ednref18" name="_edn18" style="mso-endnote-id: edn18;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xviii]</span></span></span></a> “Of Interest to Women,” Los Angeles Times, July 26, 1928; Architect and Engineer, Vol 89-91, 1927, p. xix</span></div></div><div id="edn19" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_ednref19" name="_edn19" style="mso-endnote-id: edn19;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xix]</span></span></span></a> “State Municipal Demand Grows,” Los Angeles Times, Dec 23, 1934, p. 12</span></div></div><div id="edn20" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_ednref20" name="_edn20" style="mso-endnote-id: edn20;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xx]</span></span></span></a> “Rising Residences,” Time, Nov 25, 1935</span></div></div><div id="edn21" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_ednref21" name="_edn21" style="mso-endnote-id: edn21;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xxi]</span></span></span></a> “Making a Better World,” Don Parson, p. 18</span></div></div><div id="edn22" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_ednref22" name="_edn22" style="mso-endnote-id: edn22;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xxii]</span></span></span></a> “Development Hailed Housing Achievement,” Los Angeles Times, August 25, 1939, p. 11</span></div></div><div id="edn23" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HOSTETTER%20AND%20GRIFFITH%20BLOG.doc#_ednref23" name="_edn23" style="mso-endnote-id: edn23;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xxiii]</span></span></span></a> “Donald O’Melveny Returning to Investment Banking Field,” Los Angeles Times, Sep 1, 1938, p. A16</span></div></div></div></div>Steven Keylonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11162895111618226987noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-478449696602390151.post-65503172012473112562011-06-22T13:41:00.000-07:002011-09-28T12:35:35.139-07:00Garden Cities at Risk CHAPTER THREE: Hammond Sadler, Wyvernwood Landscape Architect<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4XB4DZV6BP3dvR3NVV40kgnAmbp_W0DPQ0MxyxSk6qx117sfq3obj3Xm1UURhxuSCadimQWP3iR6DPLv1t_socvUmsc4oI5K5-uEUVP5u5PmgvZZheGwx0rE4yakxuYDSZNCuNj_qDB12/s1600/sadler.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4XB4DZV6BP3dvR3NVV40kgnAmbp_W0DPQ0MxyxSk6qx117sfq3obj3Xm1UURhxuSCadimQWP3iR6DPLv1t_socvUmsc4oI5K5-uEUVP5u5PmgvZZheGwx0rE4yakxuYDSZNCuNj_qDB12/s640/sadler.jpg" width="504" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Landscape Architect Hammond Sadler (1886-1958)</b></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i>Part of a series on the Wyvernwood community, designed by Witmer & Watson, in collaboration with Hammond Sadler, who is featured here today.</i></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i>See the whole series of Wyvernwood posts <a href="http://baldwinhillsvillageandthevillagegreen.blogspot.com/2011/09/complete-wyvernwood-series.html">HERE</a></i></span></span><br />
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<div><div><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i><a href="http://baldwinhillsvillageandthevillagegreen.blogspot.com/2011/06/garden-cities-at-risk-chapter-two.html"></a></i></span></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><b>WALTER HAMMOND SADLER (1886-1958)</b></span></span><br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">EARLY LIFE </span></span></b><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">Gifted from an early age with an inherited artistic creativity, landscape architect <b>Walter Hammond Sadler</b> was born April 23, 1886 in London, England to Walter Dendy Sadler (1854-1923) and Amelia Louise Pratt Sadler (1863- ). Known as Hammond throughout his life, he was the second son in a family of five children.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://www.art-prints-on-demand.com/kunst/walter_dendy_sadler/home_sweet_home.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>"Home, Sweet Home" by Walter Dendy Sadler</b></td></tr>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Hammond’s father Walter Dendy Sadler was a highly successful and popular artist during the late Victorian period, a master of domestic genre painting. It was written at the time that <span style="color: black;">“he is a born painter, and as such was one of those fortunate youths whose life-work is clearly defined for them. He studied art at Heatherley's celebrated school, and at the age of seventeen went to Dusseldorf to continue his education under Simmler. His work was so good, even at that time, that only a year later he began to exhibit at the Dudley Gallery, and he was but nineteen when his first picture was hung in the Royal Academy. In a sense he has continued his studies ever since, for his pictures are of the kind that demand accurate knowledge, whether of bygone costumes or of the monastic life which furnishes the incidents of many of his paintings.<span class="apple-converted-space">”</span><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn1" name="_ednref1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title="">[i]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn1" name="_ednref1" title=""></a></span><span class="apple-converted-space"></span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="441px" src="http://www.artrenewal.org/artwork/469/469/38216/Sadler_Walter_Dendy_A_Sure_Cure_for_the_Gout_Oil_on_Canvas-large.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="640px" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>"A Sure Cure For the Gout," by Walter Dendy Sadler</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">Sadler was famous for his humorous and detailed depictions of bourgeois domestic life, and in all his works showed “a close sympathy with human life in its many phases, and a keen appreciation of its spirit, whether humorous or pathetic.”<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn2" name="_ednref2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[ii]</span></span></span></a> It was noted that unlike many of his contemporaries, “his humour is of a quiet kind, and his satire does not greatly sting.”<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn3" name="_ednref3" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[iii]</span></span></span></a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Unfortunately, when Hammond was around twelve years old, Walter Dendy Sadler sued his wife for a divorce, which was granted on April 14, 1899, giving him custody of the children<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn4" name="_ednref4" style="mso-endnote-id: edn4;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[iv]</span></span></span></a> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">EDUCATION</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">A few years later, pondering his options for college and career, Hammond was informed by his father that he did not have the exceptional artistic talent necessary to follow in his footsteps, and that he should consider other fields of study. Always creative and artistic, Hammond was interested in acting and the theater, though this was presumably discouraged by his father as an unsuitable career path. Ultimately, because Hammond was also interested in landscape gardening - having been exposed to it by his father, who was well-known for his “charming garden at Hemingford Grey, the artist’s home near St. Ives, Hunts”<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn5" name="_ednref5" style="mso-endnote-id: edn5;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[v]</span></span></span></a> - young Hammond entered the University of Reading, England, more than likely studying horticulture. In the years before landscape architecture was widely taught in colleges, this was the first step to becoming a practitioner in the “gentleman’s profession” of landscape architecture.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn6" name="_ednref6" style="mso-endnote-id: edn6;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[vi]</span></span></span></a> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Upon graduating, Hammond did some work and informal study for a short time in Paris, returning to England around 1910 to work for the Barr & Sugden Nursery in London, who later reported that Hammond had “planned for us and successfully carried out several very beautiful gardens both in England and on the Continent.”<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn7" name="_ednref7" style="mso-endnote-id: edn7;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[vii]</span></span></span></a></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">OLMSTED BROTHERS</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In early 1913, at twenty-six years old, Hammond boarded the steamship Carpathia, headed for Boston and a new life in the United States. There, he joined the landscape architecture firm of the <a href="http://tclf.org/pioneer/olmsted-bros">Olmsted Brothers</a> in Brookline, Massachusetts, with whom he would be affiliated for most of the next twenty-one years.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn8" name="_ednref8" style="mso-endnote-id: edn8;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[viii]</span></span></span></a></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">An offshoot of landscape patriarch <a href="http://tclf.org/content/frederick-law-olmsted-sr">Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr.</a>’s original practice, the Olmsted Brothers firm was created in 1898 by Olmsted, Sr.’s son <a href="http://tclf.org/content/frederick-law-olmsted-jr">Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr.</a> (1870-1957), and the senior Olmsted’s nephew (and adopted son) <a href="http://tclf.org/content/john-charles-olmsted">John Charles Olmsted</a> (1852-1920). The Olmsted Brothers were founding members of the American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA), and they were also instrumental in the creation of the National Park Service (NPS). “<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #231f20;">From Buffalo to Louisville, Atlanta to Seattle, Baltimore to Los Angeles, the Olmsteds’ work reflects a vision of American communities and American society still relevant today—a commitment to visually compelling and accessible green space that restores and nurtures the body and spirit of all people, regardless of their economic circumstances. The Olmsteds believed in the restorative value of landscape and that parks can bring social improvement by promoting a greater sense of community and providing recreational opportunities, especially in urban environments.”</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn9" name="_ednref9" style="mso-endnote-id: edn9;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: #231f20; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[ix]</span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #231f20;"> These are important considerations which contributed strongly to what Sadler would successfully achieve at Wyvernwood.</span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The Olmsted name was (and probably still is) the most recognizable and respected name in landscape architecture, and the firm was in great demand and busy during these years. Hammond was fortunate to secure a job with the firm, which also speaks to the exceptional skill and artistic ability he must have shown even at this early stage in his career.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">World events intervened, however, and in June of 1914, with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, the world was plunged into war. Walter Dendy Sadler decided that his son should return home to England, to “serve for King and country,” and Hammond, ever the dutiful son, complied. In August, 1914, he enlisted in the Royal Garrison Artillery, where he was first a Class “A” Gunner, while later he was promoted to Second Lieutenant in the Officer Cadet Battalion Corps, entering combat in France in November 1917.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">After Armistice Day in November, 1918, Hammond returned home briefly to St. Ives, Hunts, before setting sail again for Boston Harbor and the Olmsted Brothers in April, 1919 aboard the ocean liner RMS Mauretania.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn10" name="_ednref10" style="mso-endnote-id: edn10;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[x]</span></span></span></a> Soon after arriving back in the United States, Hammond met Louise Carter, and after a brief courtship, they were married in 1920.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">After working for the Olmsted firm for a couple more years, around 1922 Hammond briefly joined the office of Wayne E. Stiles (1884-1953), a self-taught landscape architect known primarily for his exceptional work creating golf courses. Stiles sent Sadler to open a New York office. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The year 1923 was an eventful one for Sadler and his family. In January, Hammond was elected a Fellow of the ASLA, a prestigious honor. Hammond and Louise also had a son that year - Hammond "Dendy" Sadler - on February 23, in Passaic, New Jersey (Hammond, Jr. was delivered by family friend, doctor and poet <a href="http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/119">William Carlos Williams</a>). Hammond’s father, Walter Dendy Sadler, died on November 19<sup>th</sup>, 1923.</span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjplMcsiCR_zvboFenx2YSlxL_0xjLsA3M1wv371OCZldJc7CDfdDfAihD2I1t6nTOwJUoKzEzBPJLEFcjC9ZAR1t2pbyjy5xwVlgHjj55duT7cfIx9NPuOO__BEqkorKbQDQwkg-H8tIu/s1600/pve.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="502" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjplMcsiCR_zvboFenx2YSlxL_0xjLsA3M1wv371OCZldJc7CDfdDfAihD2I1t6nTOwJUoKzEzBPJLEFcjC9ZAR1t2pbyjy5xwVlgHjj55duT7cfIx9NPuOO__BEqkorKbQDQwkg-H8tIu/s640/pve.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Palos Verdes Estates - Olmsted Brothers, Landscape Architects. Photo courtesy Palos Verdes Library</b></td></tr>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">PALOS VERDES</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">By early 1924, Sadler was lured back to the Olmsted Brothers firm, given the chance to work on a monumental project – the 16,000 acre planned “City Beautiful” of Palos Verdes Estates. The Olmsted firm had been involved in the project from its inception in 1914, though the World War had stopped work for a time. By 1924, however, the project was going full force, with the Olmsted Brothers serving as Directors of Design, Charles H. Cheney<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn11" name="_ednref11" style="mso-endnote-id: edn11;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[xi]</span></span></span></a> as consultant in city planning, and Myron Hunt as lead architect. </span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5qY8E3TnoSk3Af3UwG2qbHA9CY2837p6UTPX7jFzstGyvAfYY5mDTkYMoRsRvVUAxPFR15jOjWaKuMe7Rd0KGI-bivt17Nw0d9o7z20_C9z_tyt9evbhxp5X09yZfPkCWz83Ho3MSqVYm/s1600/pve+olmsted+place.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="494" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5qY8E3TnoSk3Af3UwG2qbHA9CY2837p6UTPX7jFzstGyvAfYY5mDTkYMoRsRvVUAxPFR15jOjWaKuMe7Rd0KGI-bivt17Nw0d9o7z20_C9z_tyt9evbhxp5X09yZfPkCWz83Ho3MSqVYm/s640/pve+olmsted+place.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Olmsted Place, Palos Verdes Estates. </b><b>Photo courtesy Palos Verdes Library</b></td></tr>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Sadler moved his young family to California, joining Olmsted employees <a href="http://tclf.org/content/james-dawson">James Frederick Dawson</a> (principal designer)<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn12" name="_ednref12" style="mso-endnote-id: edn12;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[xii]</span></span></span></a> and <a href="http://tclf.org/content/george-gibbs">George Gibbs, Jr.</a> (chief assistant) at the Olmsted Brothers’ Redondo Beach office. Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. joined them in Palos Verdes later, where they all built homes.</span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj06ZajjFTbMAz2AJWb_rC0DyUG5oU09bEH1hRFOEQa_a8TW2PEzg-KBreOMDr2pKTKireObFBRsFxh3w9BH1RftPckPToM_M9pZlvg6rqbayckeINpEbVCu7Ug5ukqD5qKPh0LDM4Hy8sm/s1600/sadler+hse+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="311" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj06ZajjFTbMAz2AJWb_rC0DyUG5oU09bEH1hRFOEQa_a8TW2PEzg-KBreOMDr2pKTKireObFBRsFxh3w9BH1RftPckPToM_M9pZlvg6rqbayckeINpEbVCu7Ug5ukqD5qKPh0LDM4Hy8sm/s400/sadler+hse+2.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Residence of Mr. and Mrs. Hammond Sadler. 2737 Via Anita, Palos Verdes Estates.<br />
Hammond Sadler, architect and landscape architect.</b><br />
<b>Photo courtesy Palos Verdes Library</b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjsYQwFprdy5tNjkVfnw1PLzJPlW6U160h11_oGjEXYhZYAKt6E6HcEO4yVbKl3M42qx-QVkbpsvFhBQzh_tYBpnVPAcoHyj5KVDU93HziIDyuR-IjjESub5CuBu0SUCMgouW3Qlkv7IK4/s1600/sadler+hse.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="312" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjsYQwFprdy5tNjkVfnw1PLzJPlW6U160h11_oGjEXYhZYAKt6E6HcEO4yVbKl3M42qx-QVkbpsvFhBQzh_tYBpnVPAcoHyj5KVDU93HziIDyuR-IjjESub5CuBu0SUCMgouW3Qlkv7IK4/s400/sadler+hse.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Residence of Mr. and Mrs. Hammond Sadler.</b><br />
<b>Photo courtesy Palos Verdes Library</b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEji7s3jx0HL74nP1wzksqRLmrE9tj9KyoJUbh8aKh_lr96G44q2I1gkyZnxDcDeoKsng_1ZOWTuVxJqPF5tlS5zRT7p5uNsg4PuJ6vhKRCF6cloPIg-pfuGak_mwIZenC5Tlk7LHvoRnQzE/s1600/dendy+pic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="312px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEji7s3jx0HL74nP1wzksqRLmrE9tj9KyoJUbh8aKh_lr96G44q2I1gkyZnxDcDeoKsng_1ZOWTuVxJqPF5tlS5zRT7p5uNsg4PuJ6vhKRCF6cloPIg-pfuGak_mwIZenC5Tlk7LHvoRnQzE/s400/dendy+pic.jpg" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Dendy Sadler at the gate of the Sadler Residence, Palos Verdes Estates</b><br />
<b>Photo courtesy Palos Verdes Library</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">According to <a href="http://corbu2.caed.kent.edu/architronic/v6n1/v6n1.03a.html">Thomas P. Gates</a>, “<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black;">The suburban community of Palos Verdes Estates was created on an unusual landscape, and the firm of Olmsted Brothers was devoted from 1914 until 1931 to enhancing that landscape with the best design principles for city planning and residential architecture. The imagery of the Mediterranean was of utmost importance to the planners and the maintenance of the beauty of the topography of the landscape through framing of vistas--natural and landscaped--street systems integrated with the topography, sizes and shapes of lots conducive to creative placement of residential architecture and the control of aesthetic quality in each district by deed restrictions. </span></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLQ9Op2P8QZ00wft1Ro3ndc-CJ2bG6VB05WCE2SpqPm8yXLFTMXg4TDPVvmCdcT9NTDc8Vg_iJoLu7lXSslHEb1nmkzZxm7FdHD6dJU9yAMwjztHz4P1E0Ao6cXNnsVahyphenhyphenhLvqH89KyExL/s1600/pederson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="315" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLQ9Op2P8QZ00wft1Ro3ndc-CJ2bG6VB05WCE2SpqPm8yXLFTMXg4TDPVvmCdcT9NTDc8Vg_iJoLu7lXSslHEb1nmkzZxm7FdHD6dJU9yAMwjztHz4P1E0Ao6cXNnsVahyphenhyphenhLvqH89KyExL/s400/pederson.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Pederson Residence, 2621 Via Ramon, Palos Verdes Estates<br />
L.A. Platt, architect; Hammond Sadler, landscape architect.</b><br />
<b>Photo courtesy Palos Verdes Library</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black;">The ultimate goal for building Palos Verdes Estates was to create an "Ideal City" and a "City Beautiful," on a remote peninsula, yet close enough to the burgeoning metropolis of Los Angeles to permit rapid access. The aims of the planners of Palos Verdes Estates were certainly noble and their energy and idealism permeated every aspect of the community's developmental and building phases. It was "organic unity," "harmony" of design, and maintenance of picturesque images of residential architecture integrated with the natural beauty of the landscape that was at the forefront of every decision made at Palos Verdes.”</span></span><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: black;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn13" name="_ednref13" style="mso-endnote-id: edn13;" title="">[xiii]</a></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqheZXYeLFzIDvLsP38-5-jqF5gyjyfD2thV7n7mYtopgMj2RLTOzsSSf-DrIrgy5yxa2d02MlAjUVZ793uoS5uI25ymf-bcixLBSWpjPiweS0p99iQ5-D6kRKrlC5rlqR2W9gMqZA91Sa/s1600/pv+street+signs.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="512" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqheZXYeLFzIDvLsP38-5-jqF5gyjyfD2thV7n7mYtopgMj2RLTOzsSSf-DrIrgy5yxa2d02MlAjUVZ793uoS5uI25ymf-bcixLBSWpjPiweS0p99iQ5-D6kRKrlC5rlqR2W9gMqZA91Sa/s640/pv+street+signs.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>The distinctive Palos Verdes Estates street signs, designed by Hammond Sadler.</b><br />
<b>Photo courtesy Palos Verdes Library</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: black;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sadler collaborated on the landscape plans for the entire community, in addition to creating individual landscapes for many private homes, as well as designing the distinctive street signs for Palos Verdes Estates.</span></span><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn14" name="_ednref14" style="mso-endnote-id: edn14;" title="">[xiv]</a></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_-JRPC88gEBFdNwMvnirwI0fEIglIFmpBwbFXT0t4acAiJkEolHJznTWJWzZRGVW__tpF30JZPM9CQtzsDzKw5CLzqfNukj4cKn0Z5sYwnA2kN3YVAh_CbWCSKxL9dV9M-cfkmuUWCFRc/s1600/olympia.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_-JRPC88gEBFdNwMvnirwI0fEIglIFmpBwbFXT0t4acAiJkEolHJznTWJWzZRGVW__tpF30JZPM9CQtzsDzKw5CLzqfNukj4cKn0Z5sYwnA2kN3YVAh_CbWCSKxL9dV9M-cfkmuUWCFRc/s400/olympia.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Washington State Capitol, Olympia</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">In addition to the Palos Verdes project, Sadler collaborated with Olmsted principal James Frederick Dawson on the plan for the Washington State Capitol grounds (they were assisted again by Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. and George Gibbs, Jr.).<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn15" name="_ednref15" style="mso-endnote-id: edn15;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[xv]</span></span></span></a> Sadler also did work on the Bixby Estate (Rancho Los Alamitos), helping with the design of various garden spaces around the property.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn16" name="_ednref16" style="mso-endnote-id: edn16;" title="">[xvi]</a></span></span></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9oEbO26ByfOpYxSSy1aOzVw_eRHbmi0IVTuu1SFuFfxS1h9E3_x6z_8AeZOW9kwBG0VAvlQpnW01DQ3bu7v3DGRRlImNo_Ton-mzwmrvKtzxB3oY6MKZy3QbLIpXwikjs8U0OXKCmX_yy/s1600/olmsted+rose+garden.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9oEbO26ByfOpYxSSy1aOzVw_eRHbmi0IVTuu1SFuFfxS1h9E3_x6z_8AeZOW9kwBG0VAvlQpnW01DQ3bu7v3DGRRlImNo_Ton-mzwmrvKtzxB3oY6MKZy3QbLIpXwikjs8U0OXKCmX_yy/s640/olmsted+rose+garden.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Olmsted Rose Garden, Rancho Los Alamitos</b><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">British through and through, with a “gentle, sweet” spirit, Hammond Sadler was known as a polished, soft-spoken, and well-mannered gentleman – making sure to be home for 4 o’clock tea each afternoon with his family, and properly tipping his hat to the ladies of Palos Verdes. Even so, on December 4, 1925, Hammond Sadler became a United States citizen. The following year, 1926, Hammond and Louise had a second child, a daughter they named Suzanne. She was the first baby born in Palos Verdes Estates.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn17" name="_ednref17" style="mso-endnote-id: edn17;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[xvii]</span></span></span></a></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgwnJzPNrzjtgi9oYfIeDeiX1el6cEZlimTQUlijBQf61S_A9J_9b26rLjc0ApxgdXZ9QSkMN85bL5_LhXrwZ5-NwX_hkVNjhj8UejOQSsZbGFEgJMY2mM8EAV6C6a6OFHCAD7nVS0kKaw/s1600/ad.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgwnJzPNrzjtgi9oYfIeDeiX1el6cEZlimTQUlijBQf61S_A9J_9b26rLjc0ApxgdXZ9QSkMN85bL5_LhXrwZ5-NwX_hkVNjhj8UejOQSsZbGFEgJMY2mM8EAV6C6a6OFHCAD7nVS0kKaw/s400/ad.jpg" width="302" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Hilda Boldt Weber Residence, Bel Air<br />
James Dolena, Architect; Hammond Sadler <br />
and Benjamin Morton Purdy, Landscape Architects</b></td></tr>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">HAMMOND SADLER, LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In 1934, with work slowing down in Palos Verdes due to the Great Depression, Sadler left the Olmsted Brothers firm after 21 years, opening up his own landscape architecture firm with an office in Westwood Village. One of his first jobs was on the campus at nearby UCLA, perhaps on the areas surrounding the Janss Steps.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn18" name="_ednref18" style="mso-endnote-id: edn18;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[xviii]</span></span></span></a> He was able to maintain a practice even in these difficult times, creating landscapes for some of the most lavish homes still being built in Bel Air and Beverly Hills.</span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj26j7o3Mnh4vx2ySI-jRsYV_ED1l4ZF8lBq3JGI3p1OfFt8Spvbve-ePf1toS1-6UgR0njSHnVdBTKEWlGQw_HUfiI7vhYaAqxloh1o8eF8Gw9FCXgjF8qoZOoKg2XqycBMtiaZZ_u9u6Y/s1600/weber.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="546" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj26j7o3Mnh4vx2ySI-jRsYV_ED1l4ZF8lBq3JGI3p1OfFt8Spvbve-ePf1toS1-6UgR0njSHnVdBTKEWlGQw_HUfiI7vhYaAqxloh1o8eF8Gw9FCXgjF8qoZOoKg2XqycBMtiaZZ_u9u6Y/s640/weber.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Entry Drive to the Hilda Boldt Weber Residence "Casa Encantada," Bel Air<br />
James Dolena, architect; Hammond Sadler and Benjamin Morton Purdy, landscape architects.</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">The most spectacular of these estates was the Bel Air home of Hilda Boldt Weber, known as “Casa Encantada,” a collaboration between architect James Dolena and landscape architects Hammond Sadler and Benjamin Morton Purdy, with interiors custom designed for the home by T.H. Robsjohn-Gibbings.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn19" name="_ednref19" style="mso-endnote-id: edn19;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[xix]</span></span></span></a> An exquisitely majestic and cohesively designed estate, every element, inside and out was thoughtfully planned. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoUVINYCYtaHXiQKD0rBKRssQg5ZhO84vEMPp_XJErHcjTxs3r7L9bztTWqqyBm-vjj70ozqWQpGdw1mlvUkzooIsQrEMk9WPQGnQPmGCzgZUv1TV9X_6_A_IMzvqC_kLFb_xXgsSmrYo-/s1600/dolena+ftn.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoUVINYCYtaHXiQKD0rBKRssQg5ZhO84vEMPp_XJErHcjTxs3r7L9bztTWqqyBm-vjj70ozqWQpGdw1mlvUkzooIsQrEMk9WPQGnQPmGCzgZUv1TV9X_6_A_IMzvqC_kLFb_xXgsSmrYo-/s640/dolena+ftn.jpg" width="454" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Fountain at "Casa Encantada"</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">Formal and restrained on the outside, it combined both a Georgian and Grecian vocabulary - though in a modern, simplified interpretation - emphasizing the indoor/outdoor relationship. The gardens and garden elements reflected this sober formality, with an axial arrangement of mostly Mediterranean plant material and Neoclassical hardscape elements. The interiors by Robsjohn-Gibbings, however, successfully interpreted this traditional vocabulary in a dynamic and modern way.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn20" name="_ednref20" style="mso-endnote-id: edn20;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[xx]</span></span></span></a> </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4XVsfu-IGNtJsM0CRCRuxbmKWx_qBrrp0VFKdKuuA2-NXMFTZIbAJpazCepVHpo3CM1sMxLgwF1_2ce3TdhkBOrxHILTQGk7mQB2tAbXQrj_FRJ8LHWDd9zcXhCPESHnkSDbX-f_Xqd3f/s1600/sadler2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="343" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4XVsfu-IGNtJsM0CRCRuxbmKWx_qBrrp0VFKdKuuA2-NXMFTZIbAJpazCepVHpo3CM1sMxLgwF1_2ce3TdhkBOrxHILTQGk7mQB2tAbXQrj_FRJ8LHWDd9zcXhCPESHnkSDbX-f_Xqd3f/s400/sadler2.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Frances Griffin House, Beverly Hills</b><br />
<b>Sumner Spaulding, architect; Hammond Sadler, landscape architect.</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">In 1936, Sadler hosted the first annual Palos Verdes Garden Contest, which was jointly sponsored by the Pacific Coast Chapter of the ASLA and the Palos Verdes Estates Chamber of Commerce, with a rules committee consisting of Sadler, Ralph D. Cornell and Katherine Bashford. The contest attempted to determine the most successful new garden in Palos Verdes, and would “judge entrants on a points system that is based on the fundamental principles of landscape design.”<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn21" name="_ednref21" style="mso-endnote-id: edn21;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[xxi]</span></span></span></a> Also in 1936, tens of thousands of visitors saw Sadler’s work at the California House and Garden Exhibition.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn22" name="_ednref22" style="mso-endnote-id: edn22;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[xxii]</span></span></span></a> Sadler joined landscape architects Edward Huntsman-Trout, Ralph D. Cornell, and Charles Gibbs Adams, who collaborated with architects Richard Neutra, Paul R. Williams, Gordon B. Kaufmann, and Winchton L. Risley on designs for the popular show, which occupied a whole city block on Wilshire just east of Fairfax.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn23" name="_ednref23" style="mso-endnote-id: edn23;" title="">[xxiii]</a></span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6Trx6utUL1b5Il8EqA0Qset_axAkD3xXs9b4QVgbe2c8-zdmIvzQbXwiZW9K-UB3JY3kONZFZi_43wsTGJht_Wysc-T0Exw2Ia5Z1cbzbjO-Mw1NL5OgD0PZVJRoCkXPeLUruFzpdSVOq/s1600/sadler+deskey.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6Trx6utUL1b5Il8EqA0Qset_axAkD3xXs9b4QVgbe2c8-zdmIvzQbXwiZW9K-UB3JY3kONZFZi_43wsTGJht_Wysc-T0Exw2Ia5Z1cbzbjO-Mw1NL5OgD0PZVJRoCkXPeLUruFzpdSVOq/s400/sadler+deskey.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Harold S. Anderson Residence, Los Angeles<br />
Sumner Spaulding, architect; Hammond Sadler, landscape architect;<br />
Donald Deskey, interiors<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Harold S. Anderson Residence, Los Angeles<br />
Sumner Spaulding, architect; Hammond Sadler, landscape architect;<br />
Donald Deskey, interiors. Sadler's austere, formally modern landscape echoed the </b><br />
<b>severe geometry of Spaulding's modern architecture.</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">The following year, Hammond Sadler was part of a small core group of landscape architects responsible for the formation of the Southern California Chapter of the ASLA.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn24" name="_ednref24" style="mso-endnote-id: edn24;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[xxiv]</span></span></span></a> Around 1939, Sadler moved his offices from Westwood Village to Beverly Hills.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">CIVIC LIFE</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">From the beginning, Sadler was deeply involved in his Palos Verdes community. In 1931, Sadler was one of the founding members of the Palos Verdes Community Arts Association (PVCAA), becoming its second President in 1937. Under his leadership, the Arts Association “expanded its program of exhibits, lectures, teas, concerts and summer art classes.”<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn25" name="_ednref25" style="mso-endnote-id: edn25;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[xxv]</span></span></span></a> Later, he began to advocate for the idea of an auditorium which could double as an arts center, writing in a 1940 letter, “I’ve had in my mind for some time that the area should have an auditorium controlled and run by the Palos Verdes Community Arts Association, and the more I think about it, the more I’m convinced it should be an arts center.” He envisioned a center where arts and crafts could be studied and displayed, and thought a perfect setting would be on the edge of the Palos Verdes Golf Club.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn26" name="_ednref26" style="mso-endnote-id: edn26;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[xxvi]</span></span></span></a> Through the PVCAA, an orchestra was formed in 1939, and Sadler launched the first concerted membership drive. He was also chairman of exhibitions for the organization. Long interested in acting and the theater, he served on the Drama Section of the PVCAA, and in 1937 Sadler performed in three short plays at a small theater with the Palos Verdes Players.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn27" name="_ednref27" style="mso-endnote-id: edn27;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[xxvii]</span></span></span></a> He later performed in “A Christmas Carol,” playing Bob Cratchit opposite Frank Conroy, a British born Hollywood and Broadway actor, who also lived in Palos Verdes Estates.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn28" name="_ednref28" style="mso-endnote-id: edn28;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[xxviii]</span></span></span></a></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In December, 1939, Palos Verdes residents voted to incorporate as a city, and Sadler was one of five men elected to the newly formed City Council.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn29" name="_ednref29" style="mso-endnote-id: edn29;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[xxix]</span></span></span></a></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgukYBB46oq5mM149E1JRitKWTQ_nZP-MzIUmpa5sHWwK6WP_N4ShiwTxdm3OS_v9RAQ5JIyHDLO2t_Ouw7KqDtT611FpaRA2gZjP8O0m2TPzFS9W0yQmOrNuhyRxObm23d2I6yvOnk2q7w/s1600/wyvernwood+postcard.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgukYBB46oq5mM149E1JRitKWTQ_nZP-MzIUmpa5sHWwK6WP_N4ShiwTxdm3OS_v9RAQ5JIyHDLO2t_Ouw7KqDtT611FpaRA2gZjP8O0m2TPzFS9W0yQmOrNuhyRxObm23d2I6yvOnk2q7w/s400/wyvernwood+postcard.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">LANDSCAPES FOR MODERN HOUSING</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">During the late 1930’s and early 1940’s, Sadler became interested in and involved with the creation of landscapes for modern housing, beginning with the private housing development of Wyvernwood, which opened in 1939. Because of his years of community planning with the Olmsted firm, Sadler would be naturally and uniquely adept to collaborate with Witmer & Watson on such an innovative and unprecedented Garden City.</span></span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>The site plan of Estrada Courts in foreground, with oval central court. Wyvernwood is immediately <br />
adjacent in the distance. </b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">Based on his work at Wyvernwood, Sadler did the landscape designs for two of the government funded Housing Authority projects for the City of Los Angeles. The first of these, Estrada Courts, was immediately adjacent to Wyvernwood, and was also created in collaboration with Witmer & Watson, with the addition, however, of Baldwin Hills Village architect Robert E. Alexander (Chief Architect) and Winchton Risley. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7jcKc1CYOB5ni3GCnXGTVYu40wQx15SYoGjNMgGM2bBZhrRb0w6PWAmsK3yT9WP6ShaNw-jH7Cw_3Te73cusaxVqcH4SZSlOzGfV02xvCYmV-xryhx9Of6PRa8LiwcBF2m_ZvzIbDiP-i/s1600/estrada+courts.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="257" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7jcKc1CYOB5ni3GCnXGTVYu40wQx15SYoGjNMgGM2bBZhrRb0w6PWAmsK3yT9WP6ShaNw-jH7Cw_3Te73cusaxVqcH4SZSlOzGfV02xvCYmV-xryhx9Of6PRa8LiwcBF2m_ZvzIbDiP-i/s400/estrada+courts.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Enjoying a new life at Estrada Courts.</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">Ground was broken on the comparatively small community (214 units in just 31 buildings) on Sunday, December 7<sup>th</sup>, 1941 (besides being Pearl Harbor day, it's also the same day Baldwin Hills Village opened) . He also worked on another government housing project called Rose Hill Courts (100 units on 5 acres – slum clearance, 125 houses destroyed). Both of these communities, completed in 1942, served as defense housing for the duration of World War II.</span><br />
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Collaborating again in 1941 with architects Witmer & Watson, and Robert E. Alexander, Sadler provided the landscape plans for the 2,500 homes planned for the suburban community of Lakewood City. As I pointed out in yesterday's blog post, Lakewood City was perhaps the first fully planned, mass-produced suburban community, predating Levittown, New York by six years. Though nearly every single reference to Lakewood City has it breaking ground around 1950 (even the official Lakewood website and history book), in fact 585 homes were completed by 1942, when labor and materials shortages stopped construction for the duration. This would make Sadler's innovative mass-produced landscape designs for these homes a novel breakthrough, possibly the first ever. These "homes for youthful incomes" came fully landscaped, including all irrigation and sprinklers, street and shade trees, lawns, shrubbery - even flowers were provided!</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJcV0KDJ1CS_INcjBwkre53v5n_IuNOP-nEmzelvOBHfaNkErENK1jD4EWd8AVAMU6WoyRQ2OFa9ykOx8VeUCB6dULQVLmqSjyvp0vSnE_dk4SPL4z4fS_B_xIIck-PswziGO0FgIkTsRX/s1600/1942+Roosevelt+Naval+Base%252C+Terminal+Island.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJcV0KDJ1CS_INcjBwkre53v5n_IuNOP-nEmzelvOBHfaNkErENK1jD4EWd8AVAMU6WoyRQ2OFa9ykOx8VeUCB6dULQVLmqSjyvp0vSnE_dk4SPL4z4fS_B_xIIck-PswziGO0FgIkTsRX/s640/1942+Roosevelt+Naval+Base%252C+Terminal+Island.jpg" width="468" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Roosevelt Naval Base, Terminal Island, 1942.<br />
Adrian Wilson and Paul R. Williams, architects; Hammond Sadler, landscape architect.<br />
Photo courtesy <a href="http://socalarchhistory.blogspot.com/">John Crosse</a></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">WORLD WAR II</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">After the attack on Pearl Harbor, most landscape architecture work eventually came to a halt. Sadler did create one last significant landscape before all work ceased, collaborating with architects Adrian Wilson and Paul R. Williams on the design for the Roosevelt Naval Station on Terminal Island, in San Pedro Bay. Dedicated on September 1, 1942, this strikingly modern facility contained many recreational facilities for use by Naval officers housed nearby. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">After World War I, the military had made efforts to use new and more cohesive planning ideas, based on City Beautiful movement principles (which Sadler was extremely familiar with, from his years with the Olmsted Brothers). In addition to designs which would incorporate order, beauty and harmony, an effort was made to maintain local landscape character. </span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1QZrcGjIaLA5CKpxNstocCprE16DnBlZbGbGhQkqu1aLVtifRcSLfd2xwqPzNTU2gr2n2vDewVbtuPdIUlwc09q_Rb4cIc5k02ZbsQ0f_4jD3XE80c0QrtnYNib6f_aZd3bykfErPDNwy/s1600/1942+rooseevelt.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="472" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1QZrcGjIaLA5CKpxNstocCprE16DnBlZbGbGhQkqu1aLVtifRcSLfd2xwqPzNTU2gr2n2vDewVbtuPdIUlwc09q_Rb4cIc5k02ZbsQ0f_4jD3XE80c0QrtnYNib6f_aZd3bykfErPDNwy/s640/1942+rooseevelt.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Roosevelt Naval Base, Terminal Island, 1942.<br />
Adrian Wilson and Paul R. Williams, architects; Hammond Sadler, landscape architect.<br />
Photo courtesy <a href="http://socalarchhistory.blogspot.com/">John Crosse</a></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">At the Roosevelt Naval Station site, the plan was a formal, axial rectangular grid, and according to a HABS study done before the demolition of the site, “landscaping was considered an integral part of the design of the Base, and $175,000 was allotted to it in the 1944 budget. Extensive landscaping heightened the linear grid pattern; concrete planters, lawns and specimen trees provided a formal backdrop for the buildings. The streets are lined with Mexican fan palms (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Washingtonia robusta</i>), California fan palms (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Washingtonia felifera</i>), Canary Island date palms (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Phoenix canariensis</i>), Indian laurel fig (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ficus microcarpa</i>), Moreton Bay fig (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ficus microphylla</i>), carob (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ceratonia siliqua</i>), or olive trees (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Olea europaea</i>). A formal entrance to the base, consisting of a double street, with central lawns, extended from Gate #1 at Ocean Boulevard to the harbor, passing in front of the hub of the Base, the administration building.” The overall formality of the site was enhanced with the planting of mature specimen trees along every major street, which emphasized the linear design of the grid.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_iSswGdb4ZbPR4M3xtVg8rqvOzGjuztL7_s1mcWBqxqFHFshBFVJWTsctXnHmH9YFDCPE05BBfht474GpMfp7RkoBq3hqjIRLECIyX49k09ESTicjFSNrRmmhgBSDb8VZhz6DSE_H9bRp/s1600/naval1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="411" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_iSswGdb4ZbPR4M3xtVg8rqvOzGjuztL7_s1mcWBqxqFHFshBFVJWTsctXnHmH9YFDCPE05BBfht474GpMfp7RkoBq3hqjIRLECIyX49k09ESTicjFSNrRmmhgBSDb8VZhz6DSE_H9bRp/s640/naval1.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>The modern formality of the entrance to Roosevelt Naval Station</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">After work was completed at the Roosevelt Naval Station, Sadler, like most landscape architects at the time not engaged in active military service, wanted to be useful, going to work for Bethlehem Steel in San Pedro as the head of the Drafting Departments. According to his daughter Suzanne Sadler Stone, he went to work “landscaping battleships instead of gardens.”<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn30" name="_ednref30" style="mso-endnote-id: edn30;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[xxx]</span></span></span></a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">TRAGEDY STRIKES</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">After graduating high school in 1941, Sadler’s son Dendy went to work for the Douglas Aircraft Company. After Pearl Harbor, he joined the US Army Air Forces in 1942, graduating as pilot. Stationed at Pecos Army Air Force Base in Pecos, Texas, Dendy was assigned to co-pilot a four-engine B-29 bomber, leaving for combat duty in May of 1945. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In October, 1945, expecting to hear about her brother’s promotion from Flight Officer to 2<sup>nd</sup> Lieutenant, daughter Suzanne picked up an official looking letter at the Palos Verdes post office, rushing home to share the good news with her parents. The shocking letter, however, which had been sent by his commanding officer in error, told of the disappearance of Dendy. The letter was sent before an official telegram from the War Department had informed the family. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Sadler scrambled to get information, writing countless letters, and the story finally unfolded. After the war’s end, on October 3, 1945, 2<sup>nd</sup> Lt. Dendy Sadler took off on a routine training flight, leaving from North Field on the island of Tinian (a small island in the Northern Mariana Islands, east of the Philippines). After about an hour, the plane experienced engine trouble, both propellers went out on one side, and then finally caught fire. The plane suddenly lost altitude, and the crew attempted to ditch the plane, which broke up upon contact with the sea. Only one man, Sergeant Charles E. Jackson, survived.</span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHIa4lGbK-iRej_DWopIl-qaeWuLfvZ7_gAetiuOHqqT6DNnr5AsHMQsAVGelGYy8AUthDRGBIlsmZthUFeWorpSK2mgmKB-CJL073hOVKt5bLcKhH7BemZiLK_FimELZ5oBB7BZRkXt96/s1600/dendy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHIa4lGbK-iRej_DWopIl-qaeWuLfvZ7_gAetiuOHqqT6DNnr5AsHMQsAVGelGYy8AUthDRGBIlsmZthUFeWorpSK2mgmKB-CJL073hOVKt5bLcKhH7BemZiLK_FimELZ5oBB7BZRkXt96/s1600/dendy.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Hammond "Dendy" Sadler, 1945</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">In 1947, Hammond Sadler designed a small memorial park to honor his son’s memory, and that of two other young Palos Verdes men who lost their lives in World War II - John Bleeker and Morris Shipley. Designed as a quiet and serene place for contemplation, the garden featured a natural woodland plant palette, which would fit gracefully into the urban forest of Palos Verdes.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ4hF8_w6YV2hM5PFP_kMoYlLdHyXv8SD_9-Yo6xjUyIiA2sH5fiVEEHdn4pdiBL11Sa02rwGXm5o9B1_DO4PN95DyNMVP5CIS8A6azkpTJB1LPfPjrxJI1rHN_QqiOTDRR5FshUZ5unhl/s1600/kline.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ4hF8_w6YV2hM5PFP_kMoYlLdHyXv8SD_9-Yo6xjUyIiA2sH5fiVEEHdn4pdiBL11Sa02rwGXm5o9B1_DO4PN95DyNMVP5CIS8A6azkpTJB1LPfPjrxJI1rHN_QqiOTDRR5FshUZ5unhl/s640/kline.jpg" width="441" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Kline Residence, Los Angeles, 1946</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">POSTWAR WORK</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">After the war, Sadler went back to work on landscape designs, mostly in and around Palos Verdes. He was involved in the development of landscapes for parks and schools in the area, including the landscaping, grading, curbs and sidewalks for improvements and additions to the Malaga Cove school in Palos Verdes Estates,<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn31" name="_ednref31" style="mso-endnote-id: edn31;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[xxxi]</span></span></span></a> the design of Lincoln Park and the playground at Lincoln School in Redondo Beach,<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn32" name="_ednref32" style="mso-endnote-id: edn32;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[xxxii]</span></span></span></a> and El Camino College in Torrance, where Sadler “used representative plants and shrubs throughout the campus for use by horticulture labs. The campus already boasts the most representative display of plants and shrubs of any California campus, its landscaping plan being noted throughout all of Southern California.”<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn33" name="_ednref33" style="mso-endnote-id: edn33;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[xxxiii]</span></span></span></a> He was also part of a group hoping to develop the Pacific Bowl in the Palos Verdes area, an open air bowl theater similar to the Hollywood Bowl, which would be used for outdoor musical events.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn34" name="_ednref34" style="mso-endnote-id: edn34;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[xxxiv]</span></span></span></a></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">On December 5, 1952, his beloved wife of over thirty years, Louise, died at home in Palos Verdes after a short illness. Sadler continued to live in Palos Verdes, designing landscapes for mostly residential homes. One of these, the residence of Mr. and Mrs. Edgar Armi, was one of five homes selected to be shown on the seventh annual Peninsula Homes Tour in May of 1956. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In 1957, Sadler was offered a significant commission, which unfortunately would be his last. He was contacted by Sir Daniel J. and Countess Bernadine M. Donahue (<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black;">the first Americans ever to be given the titles of "Papal Count" and "Papal Countess” by a Pope - John Paul XIII), who had recently purchased the Bernard Maybeck designed Earle C. Anthony estate in Los Feliz. The Donahues had the foresight not to subdivide the property, but preserved it, hiring Sadler to re-interpret the landscape, according to Sam Watters, to more faithfully represent “a medieval Italian country villa in a Renaissance garden.”</span></span><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"> <a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn35" name="_ednref35" style="mso-endnote-id: edn35;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[xxxv]</span></span></a></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Around this same time, Sadler was diagnosed with throat cancer. Forging ahead on the Donahue commission, he nonetheless decided to visit England one last time, to see his favorite sister and his home country. While he was there, Donahue wired him, inviting Sadler to meet him in Italy, to see first-hand the Italian gardens he wanted to emulate, and to begin collecting architectural elements which would be used to enhance the garden.</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_edn36" name="_ednref36" style="mso-endnote-id: edn36;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[xxxvi]</span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Hammond Sadler was unable to finish the Donahue landscape, as his health suddenly declined. He died on March 29, 1958, at age seventy-one.</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><i>(Special thanks to Suzanne Sadler Stone, Hammond Sadler's daughter, for providing the photograph of her father, and for her help gathering information about his life and career.</i></span></span></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><i>Thanks also to John Crosse (from the wonderful Southern California Architectural History blog) for permission to use photographs from the Roosevelt Naval Station. See his blog <a href="http://socalarchhistory.blogspot.com/">HERE</a></i></span></span></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="apple-style-span"><i>Thank you to the Local History Room of the Palos Verdes Library for permission to publish photographs from their collection, and special thanks to Marjeanne Blinn for her assistance.</i></span></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="apple-style-span"><i>Thanks also to author Sam Watters for his help and excellent research!)</i></span></span><br />
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</i></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="apple-style-span"><i>SEE THE WHOLE WYVERNWOOD SERIES <b><a href="http://baldwinhillsvillageandthevillagegreen.blogspot.com/2011/09/complete-wyvernwood-series.html">HERE</a></b></i></span></span></div><div style="mso-element: endnote-list;"><br />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div id="edn1" style="mso-element: endnote;"><h3 style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref1" name="_edn1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[i]</span></b></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">From the book "Famous Paintings" printed in 1913.</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></span></h3></div><div id="edn2" style="mso-element: endnote;"><h1 style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref2" name="_edn2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[ii]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;"> A popular handbook to the National Gallery:</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small; font-weight: normal;"><span class="subtitle">including by special permission notes collected from the works of Mr. Ruskin, Volume 2; </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small; font-weight: normal;"><span class="apple-style-span">Macmillan, 1901, p. 427</span></span></h1><h1 style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref3" name="_edn3" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[iii]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;"> Shepp's library of history and art: <span class="apple-style-span">a pictorial history of all lands and times; the great incidents of history set forth by the magic pencils of the world's greatest artists,</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small; font-weight: normal;"><span class="apple-style-span"> Globe Bible Pub. Co., 1905,</span><span class="addmd">By Daniel B. Shepp, p. 236</span></span></h1></div><div id="edn4" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteTextCxSpLast"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref4" name="_edn4" style="mso-endnote-id: edn4;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[iv]</span></span></span></a> “A Scandalous Divorce: A Wife’s Folly – Protests of Virtuous Villagers,” Auckland Star, June10, 1899</span></div></div><div id="edn5" style="mso-element: endnote;"><h1 style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref5" name="_edn5" style="mso-endnote-id: edn5;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[v]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;"> The Review of reviews</span><span class="subtitle"><span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">, Volume 32</span></span><span class="subtitle"><span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">; </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://www.google.com/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22William+Thomas+Stead%22"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">William Thomas Stead</span></a>Office of the Review of Reviews, 1905, p. 640</span></span></h1><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><br />
</div></div><div id="edn6" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref6" name="_edn6" style="mso-endnote-id: edn6;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[vi]</span></span></span></a> The landscape architecture program didn’t start at University of Reading until 1930. Also, according to Suzanne Sadler Stone, her father was able to recite all the Latin names for flowers and plants, suggesting he had a strong background in horticulture.</span></div></div><div id="edn7" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref7" name="_edn7" style="mso-endnote-id: edn7;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[vii]</span></span></span></a> “Hardy Flower Border Plans,” Barr’s Nursery Catalog, 1912, Barr & Sugden Nurseries, England. The catalog of 1912 noted that Sadler had had “special training for this important branch of horticulture in addition to some years’ practical experience in Landscape work under our supervision.”</span></div></div><div id="edn8" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref8" name="_edn8" style="mso-endnote-id: edn8;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[viii]</span></span></span></a> The Library of Congress shows correspondence to and from Hammond Sadler beginning in 1907, and then again in 1912, so it’s possible he had a job lined up prior to his leaving England.</span></div></div><div id="edn9" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref9" name="_edn9" style="mso-endnote-id: edn9;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[ix]</span></span></span></a> “About the Olmsted Legacy,” <a href="http://www.olmsted.org/the-olmsted-legacy/about-the-olmsted-legacy">http://www.olmsted.org/the-olmsted-legacy/about-the-olmsted-legacy</a></span></div></div><div id="edn10" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref10" name="_edn10" style="mso-endnote-id: edn10;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[x]</span></span></span></a> He listed Percival Gallagher as his contact in Brookline. Gallagher was later a full partner at the Olmsted Firm.</span></div></div><div id="edn11" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref11" name="_edn11" style="mso-endnote-id: edn11;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xi]</span></span></span></a> According to Marjeanne Blin, the Local History Librarian at the Palos Verdes Library, Hammond Sadler designed "garden theatre, walls, and service buildings" for Charles Cheney’s residence on Via del Monte. Email to author, June 15, 2011</span></div></div><div id="edn12" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref12" name="_edn12" style="mso-endnote-id: edn12;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xii]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="line-height: 115%;"> “<span class="apple-style-span">Long Island country houses and their architects, 1860-1940”;</span> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://www.google.com/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Robert+B.+MacKay%22"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Robert B. MacKay</span></a>, <a href="http://www.google.com/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Anthony+K.+Baker%22"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Anthony K. Baker</span></a>, <a href="http://www.google.com/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Carol+A.+Traynor%22"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Carol A. Traynor</span></a>, p. 316, W. W. Norton & Company, 1997</span></span></div></div><div id="edn13" style="mso-element: endnote;"><h2><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref13" name="_edn13" style="mso-endnote-id: edn13;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xiii]</span></b></span></span></span></a><span style="line-height: 115%;"> “</span><span style="color: black; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">THE PALOS VERDES RANCH PROJECT:Olmsted Brothers' Design Development For A Picturesque Los Angeles Suburban Community Of The 1920s” </span><span style="color: black; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">Thomas P. Gates,</span><span style="color: black; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">Kent State University,Libraries & Media Services</span></span></h2></div><div id="edn14" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref14" name="_edn14" style="mso-endnote-id: edn14;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xiv]</span></span></span></a> Marjeanne Blin, email to author June 15, 2011: “He also may have designed the metal street signs for PVE, as there is an Art Jury approval for his design in the Feb. 1927 issue” of the Palos Verdes Bulletin</span></div></div><div id="edn15" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref15" name="_edn15" style="mso-endnote-id: edn15;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xv]</span></span></span></a><a href="http://www.olympiawa.gov/documents/OlympiaPlanningCommission/2010/10182010/ATT4.PacketB.Section2.AllenMiller.pdf">http://www.olympiawa.gov/documents/OlympiaPlanningCommission/2010/10182010/ATT4.PacketB.Section2.AllenMiller.pdf</a></span></div></div><div id="edn16" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref16" name="_edn16" style="mso-endnote-id: edn16;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xvi]</span></span></span></a> Recollection by Suzanne Sadler Stone. Hammond Sadler was coming home from the Rancho Los Alamitos job the afternoon of the 1933 Long Beach earthquake.</span></div></div><div id="edn17" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref17" name="_edn17" style="mso-endnote-id: edn17;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xvii]</span></span></span></a> June, 1926 issue of the Palos Verdes Bulletin. Email to the author from Marjeanne Blin, June 15, 2011</span></div></div><div id="edn18" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref18" name="_edn18" style="mso-endnote-id: edn18;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xviii]</span></span></span></a> Sadler’s daughter Suzanne Sadler Stone believes Sadler did work on or around the Janss steps. Aerial photos in the UCLA archives show the Janss steps in place by 1930, but the surrounding areas are completely devoid of landscaping. By 1936, the areas have been landscaped. Ralph D. Cornell, the UCLA landscape architect for over thirty years, didn’t begin at UCLA until 1937.</span></div></div><div id="edn19" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref19" name="_edn19" style="mso-endnote-id: edn19;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xix]</span></span></span></a> “Houses of Los Angeles, 1930-45,” Sam Watters, p. 341</span></div></div><div id="edn20" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref20" name="_edn20" style="mso-endnote-id: edn20;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xx]</span></span></span></a> The house was later bought, furnishings intact, by hotel magnate Conrad Hilton (Zsa Zsa Gabor, his wife for a short time, lived in the house.) David Murdoch bought the house, keeping it intact, but a later owner (Gary Winnick) bought the house for $66 million, cash, but sold the furnishings and modified the house.</span></div></div><div id="edn21" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref21" name="_edn21" style="mso-endnote-id: edn21;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xxi]</span></span></span></a> “Annual Garden Contest,” LA Times, August 16, 1936, p. E2</span></div></div><div id="edn22" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref22" name="_edn22" style="mso-endnote-id: edn22;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xxii]</span></span></span></a> In 1934, Sadler served with Ralph Cornell and Katherine Bashford on the LA Times sponsored “Everybody’s Garden” exhibit at the Architect’s Building in downtown Los Angeles. The exhibit was meant to serve as landscape inspiration to the general public. (LA Times, Oct 10, 1934, p. A2).</span></div></div><div id="edn23" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref23" name="_edn23" style="mso-endnote-id: edn23;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xxiii]</span></span></span></a> “Throngs See Home Show,” LA Times, Aug 23, 1936, p. E1</span></div></div><div id="edn24" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref24" name="_edn24" style="mso-endnote-id: edn24;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xxiv]</span></span></span></a>The other landscape architects included Fred Barlow, Jr. – the landscape architect responsible for Baldwin Hills Village; Katherine Bashford – Barlow’s partner in the firm of Bashford and Barlow; Ralph D. Cornell; Tommy Tomson; Lockwood de Forest; and Edward Huntsman-Trout. </span></div></div><div id="edn25" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref25" name="_edn25" style="mso-endnote-id: edn25;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xxv]</span></span></span></a> “Big Year for the PV Art Assn.” LA Times, Aug 28, 1981, p. CS8</span></div></div><div id="edn26" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref26" name="_edn26" style="mso-endnote-id: edn26;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xxvi]</span></span></span></a> “Group Mixes Art With Fun(ds) to Build Center,” LA Times, Oct 4, 1973, p CS1. The center wasn’t built until the 1970s.</span></div></div><div id="edn27" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref27" name="_edn27" style="mso-endnote-id: edn27;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xxvii]</span></span></span></a> “Palos Verdes Players Will Appear Tonight,” LA Times, March 7, 1937, p. D6</span></div></div><div id="edn28" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref28" name="_edn28" style="mso-endnote-id: edn28;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xxviii]</span></span></span></a> Email from Suzanne Sadler Stone, June 17, 2011</span></div></div><div id="edn29" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref29" name="_edn29" style="mso-endnote-id: edn29;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xxix]</span></span></span></a> “Palos Verdes Incorporates,” LA Times, Dec 10, 1939, p. 8</span></div></div><div id="edn30" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref30" name="_edn30" style="mso-endnote-id: edn30;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xxx]</span></span></span></a> Email to author, April 20, 2011</span></div></div><div id="edn31" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref31" name="_edn31" style="mso-endnote-id: edn31;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xxxi]</span></span></span></a> Torrance Herald, September 18, 1947, Section B</span></div></div><div id="edn32" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref32" name="_edn32" style="mso-endnote-id: edn32;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xxxii]</span></span></span></a> Sadler’s Fee - $450.00. Redondo Beach City Council meeting notes, November 17, 1952</span></div></div><div id="edn33" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref33" name="_edn33" style="mso-endnote-id: edn33;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xxxiii]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="line-height: 115%;"> Torrance Press, April 26, 1956, p. 20</span></span></div></div><div id="edn34" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref34" name="_edn34" style="mso-endnote-id: edn34;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xxxiv]</span></span></span></a> Torrance Herald, Oct 15, 1953</span></div></div><div id="edn35" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref35" name="_edn35" style="mso-endnote-id: edn35;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xxxv]</span></span></span></a> According to Sam Watters in Los Angeles Houses, 1920-35, “Mrs. Donohue was the daughter of Daniel Murphy, a Los Angeles philanthropist and president of the Portland Cement Company and the Brea Canon Oil Company.” Watters, p. 287</span></div></div><div id="edn36" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/HAMMOND%20SADLER%20bio.doc#_ednref36" name="_edn36" style="mso-endnote-id: edn36;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xxxvi]</span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> The garden design was eventually completed by Lutah Maria Riggs – Watters, p. 288</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span></div></div></div></div></div></div>Steven Keylonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11162895111618226987noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-478449696602390151.post-46675119930090544172011-06-21T15:55:00.000-07:002011-12-09T09:00:06.645-08:00Garden Cities at Risk CHAPTER TWO: The Wyvernwood Architects – Witmer & Watson<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvF23OlFfoCNOFes3eYiWUOmrbtmVwyG7rdjwjdL5YZZ3RGMMP8xNI_N0GfJlJnFMcJpiZuCa3wfH2TQL13MRJmT2ch8RG6iW6AHn-4jCqB6942HCmGzLDfw0Ffkdn55jtlN48TpW5N4b_/s1600/a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="472" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvF23OlFfoCNOFes3eYiWUOmrbtmVwyG7rdjwjdL5YZZ3RGMMP8xNI_N0GfJlJnFMcJpiZuCa3wfH2TQL13MRJmT2ch8RG6iW6AHn-4jCqB6942HCmGzLDfw0Ffkdn55jtlN48TpW5N4b_/s640/a.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>The site plan for Wyvernwood, 1939</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;">The entire series of blog posts about Wyvernwood can be found <a href="http://baldwinhillsvillageandthevillagegreen.blogspot.com/2011/09/complete-wyvernwood-series.html">HERE</a></span></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">The architects responsible for the creation of Wyvernwood – David J. Witmer and Loyall F. Watson – have, for the most part, slipped into obscurity, though they were very well-known and respected during their lifetimes. They created many renowned and admired structures in their forty year partnership – and in the case of David J. Witmer, one particular structure which happens to be internationally known today. Looking back at their careers now, it seems rather obvious that they would be particularly well-suited to create such a pioneering and innovative community like Wyvernwood. Two recurring themes run throughout their careers – first, ensuring buildings are integrated into the landscape, with a thoughtful emphasis on the indoor/outdoor relationship; and second, their particularly adept handling of small floor plans - make them seem a logical choice for what they would accomplish at Wyvernwood.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">As was the case with most of these architectural partnerships, one of the partners seems to takes the lead. With Witmer & Watson, the more driven partner was clearly David J. Witmer. In all of my research, his was the name and photograph that appears over and over, while Loyall F. Watson remains in the background, so let’s let Loyall come first here.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4hO1dW_DFmx6CFc9OvTYmnnFYKGRP5HMyO180TQtfzC4XxiFPEXhXOtxXxeV-HUfXwTmW_bW2wv9M3-TjQn8BKsFhG-gvvpgzKfNbiy6h_jb4r4m9bzzUPvjlwa6HYs8tnA49skleJd00/s1600/a1.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4hO1dW_DFmx6CFc9OvTYmnnFYKGRP5HMyO180TQtfzC4XxiFPEXhXOtxXxeV-HUfXwTmW_bW2wv9M3-TjQn8BKsFhG-gvvpgzKfNbiy6h_jb4r4m9bzzUPvjlwa6HYs8tnA49skleJd00/s320/a1.gif" width="188" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">Little is known about the early life of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Loyall Farragut Watson</b> (1885-1960), but I was able to determine that he was born June 28, 1885, in New York at the Brooklyn Navy Yard to Elizabeth “Lizzie” Watson and John Crittenden Watson (later the Admiral of the United States Navy, he also<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black;"> represented the United States at the coronation of King</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_VII_of_England" title="Edward VII of England"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Edward VII of England</span></a></span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black;">in 1902</span></span>).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Though information about his education seems to have vaporized, it is rather clear that he trained as a structural engineer. However, shortly after going into partnership with Witmer in 1920, he did get his architecture certificate. According to Baldwin Hills Village architect Robert E. Alexander, with whom Witmer & Watson would collaborate years later, Watson was also apparently very hard of hearing.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_edn1" name="_ednref1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[i]</span></span></span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh53-4FS2v6yrD4rjY0W467t4BBFXJ7kCs151BuriXwCS_g9chTeWucNOTWxlm9eVZOOnJK2jQb0p88Ara1xbettfGgNJpkIHqCBl8zz0y09-lNgGkFj0cX1_gzDQyacH0vCU9P99_pgwKf/s1600/garden.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh53-4FS2v6yrD4rjY0W467t4BBFXJ7kCs151BuriXwCS_g9chTeWucNOTWxlm9eVZOOnJK2jQb0p88Ara1xbettfGgNJpkIHqCBl8zz0y09-lNgGkFj0cX1_gzDQyacH0vCU9P99_pgwKf/s320/garden.jpg" width="219" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">Showing that even very early on Watson was thinking in terms of the organic integration of architecture and landscape, in 1915 (prior to his partnership with Witmer) Watson contributed to a book which advocated for the early partnership between architect and landscape architect. A collaboration between structural engineer Watson, architects Walter S. Davis and H. Scott Gerity, and landscape architect Henry Davis (Walter’s brother), the book, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">California Garden City Homes, </i>was a collection of stock building types appropriate for use in California.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_edn2" name="_ednref2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[ii]</span></span></span></a> The plans in the book made clear that in temperate Southern California, spaces for outdoor living were a must.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">During World War I, Watson served as a First Lieutenant in the 2<sup>nd</sup> Training Regiment with the Corps of Engineers at Camp Humphries, Virginia. After the war, he returned to Los Angeles, going into partnership in 1919 with David J. Witmer.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">He was married on March 30, 1919 to Florence Leigh, in Little Rock, Arkansas, with whom he had a son Richard Leigh Watson on March 20, 1923. Unfortunately, Florence died March 20, 1930, and Loyall next married Mildred Mary Angle on June 22, 1938, in Los Angeles.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_edn3" name="_ednref3" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[iii]</span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">Loyall F. Watson died May 18, 1960, in San Bernardino. His wife Mildred died in 1979. Both are buried at Arlington National Cemetery.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF8FebcDCIF7O7uqqAmyZkfDIFbz-4KavKbgV1ag9WKrOmPWDM31IlkiX0MBdDRJmjwAWw7Fls4nlQeSCIWhXZOwEWHQezK4MF2zvbhgYce84pwu2jLVEgHaG5O2V4lNfsajmeTlSoKTTj/s1600/a1.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF8FebcDCIF7O7uqqAmyZkfDIFbz-4KavKbgV1ag9WKrOmPWDM31IlkiX0MBdDRJmjwAWw7Fls4nlQeSCIWhXZOwEWHQezK4MF2zvbhgYce84pwu2jLVEgHaG5O2V4lNfsajmeTlSoKTTj/s320/a1.gif" width="171" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">David Julius Witmer</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> (1888-1973) was without a doubt the more energetic and dynamic member of the partnership, and possessed an infectious enthusiasm and foresight. Not only a highly trained and talented architect, he was a fierce proponent of his profession, and was instrumental in facilitating sweeping changes in the field during the years he was in practice, some of which are still in use. His list of awards, accomplishments, organizational affiliations and medals is endless and impressive.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Part of an early pioneering Los Angeles family, David J. Witmer was born to Joseph Myer (J.M.) and Josephine Witmer on August 29, 1888, in Los Angeles. J.M. Witmer had moved to Los Angeles in the 1880’s, and with his brother Henry Clayton bought 650 acres on a hilltop near downtown, naming it “Crown Hill.” The two brothers, besides having an interest in real estate, were also possessed with an entrepreneurial streak. Together they constructed a cable railroad – the Second Street Cable Company – which went up Second Avenue and over Bunker Hill, opening up the western hills to settlement. Additionally, they founded and ran the California Bank.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_edn4" name="_ednref4" style="mso-endnote-id: edn4;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[iv]</span></span></span></a> Unfortunately, J.M. Witmer died when David was only nine years old.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Young David Witmer got his bachelor’s degree from Harvard in 1910, graduating from the Graduate School of Architecture at Harvard in 1912. During his years in college, he worked as an architectural draftsman for architect H.C. Blackall.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_edn5" name="_ednref5" style="mso-endnote-id: edn5;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[v]</span></span></span></a> After graduation, he returned to Southern California, where in 1914 he opened up his own office. During these years, he also met and married Helen Elizabeth Williams. They had three children – David, Peter and Elizabeth. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">During the first World War, Witmer served as first lieutenant in the aviation section of the Signal Corps from 1917 to 1918, becoming a captain in the Air Service Reserve Corps the following year.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_edn6" name="_ednref6" style="mso-endnote-id: edn6;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[vi]</span></span></span></a> Returning home, in 1919 Witmer went into partnership with Loyall F. Watson, which would be a fortuitous arrangement for the next 40 years.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNSwn3flpkR3EFzMX58CGJ2Db4vLnn41a5xttibihJVI7I4hchlk7pV_eqE37j-R22qmW7UwdBDB8YHj9tB-rKrARgeJ2_GAaeFJDfqYs1OKI1bzPTAA5oozIV2jKQl2tX-ti5qXNhAVrR/s1600/a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNSwn3flpkR3EFzMX58CGJ2Db4vLnn41a5xttibihJVI7I4hchlk7pV_eqE37j-R22qmW7UwdBDB8YHj9tB-rKrARgeJ2_GAaeFJDfqYs1OKI1bzPTAA5oozIV2jKQl2tX-ti5qXNhAVrR/s320/a.jpg" width="251" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Witmer Residence, 1921</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">In 1921, Witmer built a small compound of family houses on Witmer Drive (which had been named for his father), near West Second Street in Los Angeles (now HCM #538). Constructed of reinforced poured concrete (rather innovative for residential design at the time, though it would soon become a signature Witmer & Watson material due to its seismic strength), the group of houses had a very simplified Mediterranean Revival design. The Witmers would live there for the rest of their lives.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Witmer joined the American Institute of Architects in 1922, and would remain very active and involved in the organization for the rest of his life.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_edn7" name="_ednref7" style="mso-endnote-id: edn7;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[vii]</span></span></span></a> He served as Director from 1923-27, was Secretary in 1924-25, and President in 1926-27. In 1934, at a Mexican-themed “gay affair” held on the patio of the International House, Witmer received a very special honor. “You are somebody in particular when the American Institute of Architects give you a “fellowship,” so David Witmer, who received one at the celebrations this week may be excused from waxing emotional. He said that architects are so strong in fellowship that they “live together, work together and, if necessary, die together.”<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_edn8" name="_ednref8" style="mso-endnote-id: edn8;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[viii]</span></span></span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">From 1925 through 1941, David Witmer was the chairman of the Advisory Committee on College Architecture for USC, teaching architecture at Allied Architects Association. Starting in 1938, he was the Director of Library Architecture and Allied Arts, becoming President of the Board of Directors in 1952. Other associations included his membership on the commission of architects at the Associated Colleges of Claremont, and he was also on the Advisory Council on College Architecture at the University of California, Berkeley. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In 1930, David Witmer was involved in a very important initiative, one which would have a lasting legacy. He spearheaded the movement to create uniform building codes for structures in California, serving as chairman of the executive committee in charge of the preparation of the code. With lessons learned from the Santa Barbara earthquake, the building codes would be based first upon earthquake resistance, and the program was the “first code of this type ever attempted anywhere.” Witmer pointed out the obvious benefits to the residents of California, noting that “the code will effect a much greater degree of public safety in buildings, due to the fact that these structures erected under the provision of the code will have a far greater resistant force as regards earthquakes than buildings erected under codes now used by California cities. This, in turn, will make California a safer field for the investment of money by eastern capitalists as well as our own.”<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_edn9" name="_ednref9" style="mso-endnote-id: edn9;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[ix]</span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Between 1934 and 1938, Witmer had a very important role as the Supervisor of Architecture for the Southern California District of the Federal Housing Authority (FHA), often speaking on the benefits of the application of the FHA.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_edn10" name="_ednref10" style="mso-endnote-id: edn10;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[x]</span></span></span></a> Because of this, he became an expert on FHA building and funding requirements, making him ideally adept later at getting the Wyvernwood project through the difficult approval process.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_edn11" name="_ednref11" style="mso-endnote-id: edn11;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[xi]</span></span></span></a> Witmer actually resigned from the FHA to begin work on the Wyvernwood project.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_edn12" name="_ednref12" style="mso-endnote-id: edn12;" title="">[xii]</a></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></span></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgt-ylXk4kFuurMEI2pRNpqikCFWRr1WlnX83W3xZqjio8H4byARxQbR5rSn2h4DBZ2i0qwE3iTYL6O0oD4AFMqGssY778SYH1KLP3_jgIg5tBm0xLWKU7UJGojfflLxZk9JsHGdrLeXcYu/s1600/a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="492" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgt-ylXk4kFuurMEI2pRNpqikCFWRr1WlnX83W3xZqjio8H4byARxQbR5rSn2h4DBZ2i0qwE3iTYL6O0oD4AFMqGssY778SYH1KLP3_jgIg5tBm0xLWKU7UJGojfflLxZk9JsHGdrLeXcYu/s640/a.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>1941 Drawing for the Pentagon</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">In 1941, Witmer was named co-chief architect for the U.S. War Department, serving initially as chief assistant and co-architect to architect G. Edwin Bergstrom, working on the plans for the Pentagon. Because of his experience with reinforced poured concrete construction, Witmer had the skills necessary to design the enormous structure. In July of 1941, Bergstrom and Witmer locked themselves up for an entire weekend, brainstorming on design ideas for the military complex, and finally settled on the distinctive five-sided pentagon shape. In 1942, Bergstrom was asked to step down, after which time Witmer became chief architect in complete charge of design at the Pentagon, making all decisions during the construction period. Construction began on September 11, 1941, with completion in January, 1943. Now one of the most recognizable structures in the world, the Pentagon would come to symbolize the modern military power of the United States. During the Pentagon’s development, in characteristic Witmer style, he pushed for the inclusion of “fountains, paved circles, and planting,” including a series of landscaped terraces terminating on a long, grassy mall enclosed by trees. He wrote that his idea behind the changes, improving the cohesive relationship between the large monolithic building and its surroundings, would “prove in appearance not just a neighbor strong and protective, but rather that of a powerful but friendly neighbor.” To his dismay, Witmer’s suggestions to improve relationship between building and landscape were rejected.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_edn13" name="_ednref13" style="mso-endnote-id: edn13;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[xiii]</span></span></span></a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">During World War II, Witmer served as Colonel in General Dwight D. Eisenhower’s headquarters in Europe, and was chief of the Economic Supply Branch of the General Staff Corps, assigned to feeding civilians behind US lines. Because of this, he was awarded the Legion of Merit Medal, for “exceptionally meritorious conduct in performance of outstanding service in the supply, allocation, requisitioning and transport of food, clothing, medical and other supplies to civilian populations of Europe.” He had also previously been awarded the Bronze Star medal.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_edn14" name="_ednref14" style="mso-endnote-id: edn14;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[xiv]</span></span></span></a> Additionally, he won the U.S. Legion of Merit and high honors from the governments of France, Luxembourg and Belgium.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_edn15" name="_ednref15" style="mso-endnote-id: edn15;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[xv]</span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">After the war, Witmer returned to Los Angeles, and the firm of Witmer and Watson went back to work designing residences and public buildings. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In late April, 1973, Witmer attended a banquet for the AIA, and while there he was stricken ill. He died a week later, on May 5, 1973.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">WITMER & WATSON, ARCHITECTS<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">THE ROARING TWENTIES:<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The firm of Witmer & Watson was formed in 1919, at the beginning of the Golden Age of architecture in Southern California – the boom years of the 1920’s. This relatively short period between the end of World War I and the Stock Market Crash of 1929 marked a period of tremendous growth in Southern California – not only in population, but also in terms of financial growth, development, and social changes.</span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">There was a Real Estate and Oil Boom, not to mention the rise of Hollywood and the film industry, which created a regional economic power. By 1925, there were more automobiles per capita in Los Angeles than in any other city in the nation. Manufacturing created thousands of jobs, which facilitated a large middle class – by 1930, an astounding 94% of all dwellings in Los Angeles were single-family homes.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">While Witmer & Watson were busy creating civic buildings, businesses and schools, it was their residential work that received the most notice. I</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">n 1926 <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pacific Coast Architect</i> magazine said that “due to the overwhelming demand of Los Angeles for fine homes, their work has been largely of residential character. In 1922, 1923 and 1924 the firm received honor certificates from the Southern California Chapter, AIA.”<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_edn16" name="_ednref16" style="mso-endnote-id: edn16;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[xvi]</span></span></span></a> The tastefully restrained homes they created were designed to encourage a relationship to the patios, gardens and outdoor living spaces possible in the temperate climate of Southern California, something they achieved by usually working with a landscape architect early in the design process. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Winifred Starr Dobyns, in her 1931 book <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">California Gardens</i>, wrote that “Here is a part of the world to which people come with the avowed purpose of living out of doors at every season of the year. Life is planned with this idea in view. Houses are designed for it and the garden often assumes a place equal to or more important than that of the house because so much time is spent there.”</span></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqVCm5xktddbyYMvnOdb1XTOqA-_hSKUaUWbLAgJ4vLf5YL48RyOgj15eb2kdhHbmVik9Qg1TOEySRVDUVos6QafchnR3km479VmBNWjTjCLa_Nha2IY790JAwRHboduzbwTaM1YuPgklO/s1600/c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="505" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqVCm5xktddbyYMvnOdb1XTOqA-_hSKUaUWbLAgJ4vLf5YL48RyOgj15eb2kdhHbmVik9Qg1TOEySRVDUVos6QafchnR3km479VmBNWjTjCLa_Nha2IY790JAwRHboduzbwTaM1YuPgklO/s640/c.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>The Brashears Residence, Palos Verdes Estates, 1924</b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij7h91NS4DOBJBL_oIjbQKAMcwQUy7mqsP_VOJslI2wt1JzdsQtwuFPPkDq3EkrYN7sSoeWQvHRxoLSnCgoWTFBvKBv9THKZNZTk_ccHyFPypmgQRGs-Wv0AxHm6ZVlIsjGktAuNFCby9v/s1600/a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="310" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij7h91NS4DOBJBL_oIjbQKAMcwQUy7mqsP_VOJslI2wt1JzdsQtwuFPPkDq3EkrYN7sSoeWQvHRxoLSnCgoWTFBvKBv9THKZNZTk_ccHyFPypmgQRGs-Wv0AxHm6ZVlIsjGktAuNFCby9v/s400/a.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Interior, The Brashears Residence, Palos Verdes Estates, 1924</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">A good example of one of their “fine residences” is a home they designed in 1924 for Mrs. Marion Waugh Brashears, at 2325 Via Panale, in Palos Verdes Estates. Mrs. Brashears, a vocational analyst and the niece of “potent Publisher John C. Shaffer (Chicago Post)” was also the treasurer of the Palos Verdes Woman’s Club. Keeping with the architectural restrictions in place in Palos Verdes Estates, the home was in the Mediterranean Revival style, with stucco walls and red tile roof. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Most rooms opened onto an enclosed patio, which had a rustic fountain. The landscape was designed by architect Irving J. Gill, who was later briefly married to Mrs. Brashears.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">(</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;">All Brashear images used with permission courtesy Local History Room, Palos Verdes Library;</span></span><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/pvlocalhistory/"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;">http://www.flickr.com/photos/pvlocalhistory/</span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">)</span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8pLndXRdx7mKyXoM4ku3Ho3JekVSMHnGpXzQxngTST8BG04ypR1WjAH6vNfDhk_N8zlmfTdNhFg2b-EcgyiREbYaB5f2P0R3qpiMmQjAMCQg_8atpwWhsR6kaiUobK5_WT9qCmCfiAJtB/s1600/b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="499" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8pLndXRdx7mKyXoM4ku3Ho3JekVSMHnGpXzQxngTST8BG04ypR1WjAH6vNfDhk_N8zlmfTdNhFg2b-EcgyiREbYaB5f2P0R3qpiMmQjAMCQg_8atpwWhsR6kaiUobK5_WT9qCmCfiAJtB/s640/b.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>The Brashears Residence, Palos Verdes Estates, 1924</b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN5jnMUgHymZ6G63Qr5ZzJIK3xK7EppUuIaYzi5ow2W8mPzO8OV9h7Ikzkr_5WMhloTNaR3Qb4ebYUGulYwdhDRWIePfVNZPqs6tEGu-mSj6wBfc-FuYQKdekS-Jxu0cH37aO_NeJ2Zltu/s1600/a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN5jnMUgHymZ6G63Qr5ZzJIK3xK7EppUuIaYzi5ow2W8mPzO8OV9h7Ikzkr_5WMhloTNaR3Qb4ebYUGulYwdhDRWIePfVNZPqs6tEGu-mSj6wBfc-FuYQKdekS-Jxu0cH37aO_NeJ2Zltu/s400/a.jpg" width="290" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>The Architect's Building</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">One of Witmer & Watson’s larger projects of the 1920’s was the Architect’s Building at 816 West Fifth Street (at Figueroa) in downtown Los Angeles. The building was designed by lead architects William J. Dodd and William Richards, in collaboration with architects Roland E. Coate, Carleton M. Winslow, Witmer & Watson, and Baldwin Hills Village architect Reginald D. Johnson. The Architect’s Building – which opened in early 1928 - became the prestigious hub of many of the leading architects of the day, in addition to the engineers, general contractors, interior designers and landscape architects who supported them on their projects. In addition to Witmer & Watson (who maintained their offices in Suite 903), Reginald D. Johnson, Roland E. Coate, Webster & Wilson, H. Roy Kelley, Carleton Monroe Winslow, Edgar Bissantz, Welton Becket, and Elmer Grey all had their architectural offices there, as did Baldwin Hills Village landscape architect Fred Barlow, Jr. (with his partner Katherine Bashford).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In October, 1929, the same week as the Stock Market Crash, it was announced that Witmer and Watson would stage a special exhibition of their work, to be held at the Architect’s Building. It was noted that “the firm of Witmer & Watson is known for its treatment of Spanish, English and modern residences. It won honorable mention in the Pan-American Exposition of Architecture-Construction and Decorative Arts in Buenos Aires for 1927, and honorable mention in the 1928 National House Beautiful Small Home Competition. The exhibit will consist of about ninety photographs and sketches of constructed and proposed work.”<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_edn18" name="_ednref18" style="mso-endnote-id: edn18;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[xviii]</span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">THE GREAT DEPRESSION:<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Though it became increasingly difficult for architects to maintain their practices during the lean years of the Great Depression, Witmer & Watson were able to keep active, not only with architecture, but also with their individual work on committees and boards. They were still in demand for their signature residential work, for stylishly restrained homes, both large and small.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYNADqTsPrrhfEJ0SgeVpC1pCthmO74qgQeBhuumbagDvAh5TYF1UU9JKWEyWaAH-s4yl8URuqhK6qoJr1pR92fFhwU5IIBVRQ4SCc84jbOajnU_47nn4so6ZLBaWptsOvXr8RYeKbDntx/s1600/a.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYNADqTsPrrhfEJ0SgeVpC1pCthmO74qgQeBhuumbagDvAh5TYF1UU9JKWEyWaAH-s4yl8URuqhK6qoJr1pR92fFhwU5IIBVRQ4SCc84jbOajnU_47nn4so6ZLBaWptsOvXr8RYeKbDntx/s320/a.gif" width="305" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Contemporary Monterey Colonial-Revival home </b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">For the residence of Mr. and Mrs. George Goldie in Redlands, Witmer & Watson designed a Monterey Colonial Revival-style house with a floor plan that was “well thought-out and executed as it includes all of the modern conveniences to be found in homes of today arranged with the idea of efficiency and comfort in mind.” </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp43nYmUm3GLPSDXf6Qp3sLGSua-r-57M03C2ob-T4K7vfaTvcta38aLS6szg-i1HWL8BLtci3QXq0hXLdgodZ_p8qIBaFqLjCuBJ2Tfhh_rHSYJ2_xgQ-8uV-sLKoVF8MyLrBweFEHRKS/s1600/aaa.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp43nYmUm3GLPSDXf6Qp3sLGSua-r-57M03C2ob-T4K7vfaTvcta38aLS6szg-i1HWL8BLtci3QXq0hXLdgodZ_p8qIBaFqLjCuBJ2Tfhh_rHSYJ2_xgQ-8uV-sLKoVF8MyLrBweFEHRKS/s640/aaa.gif" width="452" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>One of the home designs displayed the the Barker Brothers exhibit, 1933</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">In 1933, Witmer & Watson were invited to display photos of their most recent work at the Barker Brothers Furniture Showroom in downtown Los Angeles. The exhibit was meant to show faith in the future of Southland architecture, in the midst of the worst years of the Depression. “The artistic beauty of the photographs adds emphasis to the designs as applied by the architects to cottage and mansion alike. The homes shown in the exhibit in the main are landmarks readily recognized by most lovers of the architectural beauty of the Southland.”<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_edn19" name="_ednref19" style="mso-endnote-id: edn19;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[xix]</span></span></span></a> One of the homes featured was a fine Monterey Colonial Revival style house, “the most fitting type for dignified simplicity. As shown by the sketch, this type home permits a more informal treatment, with its hanging balconies and adjoining patio.” It was noted that each room provided for two or more exposures, which offered excellent circulation of air and ventilation. The architects believed that the home should be integrated with the landscape, “built with a background of trees, real shade trees spreading over the edges of the roof. Large shrubs should be placed adjoining the building, and a soft, velvety green lawn should sweep the area between the white picket fence and the shrubbery beds. Directly off the rear porch one may provide a spot of green lawn, or a bed of favorite flowers.”<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_edn20" name="_ednref20" style="mso-endnote-id: edn20;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[xx]</span></span></span></a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDshYdxpD2LCyO3ryfyekFBYNh0_qR1o7tq1mcdJQqKOkDflxKvhSl8x3_Ydsn-TkhiOK3SCib4ZerFzvS6eRhlsNBnn5od0uRxGJ6BH42FoMxqpn3l_8f4suDRkSQ_V55jRmnWMeAOFea/s1600/bbb.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="257" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDshYdxpD2LCyO3ryfyekFBYNh0_qR1o7tq1mcdJQqKOkDflxKvhSl8x3_Ydsn-TkhiOK3SCib4ZerFzvS6eRhlsNBnn5od0uRxGJ6BH42FoMxqpn3l_8f4suDRkSQ_V55jRmnWMeAOFea/s400/bbb.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Model Town, San Diego</td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">Witmer & Watson joined architects H. Roy Kelley, Webster & Wilson, Wallace Neff, Douglas Honnold, Edgar F. Bissantz, Winchton L. Risley and others in an FHA sponsored exhibit called “Model Town,” at the San Diego Exposition fairgrounds. Consisting of fourteen miniature models of homes designed by the esteemed group of architects, the exhibit was a popular hit, and travelled to Portland, Oregon after its regular run in San Diego.<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_edn21" name="_ednref21" style="mso-endnote-id: edn21;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[xxi]</span></span></span></a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In 1936, Witmer & Watson built an “ultra-modern,” open-air market for Safeway at Third and Witmer. The store, which featured chromium, copper, glass and concrete building materials, was built on land owned by Witmer’s family - the Los Angeles Times made note of the fact that the property was “leased from the Witmer Brothers Company, and has been owned by the pioneer Witmer family since 1887, the year in which the street became known as Witmer.”<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_edn22" name="_ednref22" style="mso-endnote-id: edn22;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[xxii]</span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjadBzSdv4q3OfSPkWiLcTJhuOTaLcLVdQEniPQeFYbndK_EoPPl16u_67uKlaRkJf2MtXzNWudavZCeAUBU2sK5aLzc7KvN6IA03m8jxiefGcINs2x2A3ZTsKF73EUQiDUj0VZdMT-ZSkb/s1600/a1.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="236" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjadBzSdv4q3OfSPkWiLcTJhuOTaLcLVdQEniPQeFYbndK_EoPPl16u_67uKlaRkJf2MtXzNWudavZCeAUBU2sK5aLzc7KvN6IA03m8jxiefGcINs2x2A3ZTsKF73EUQiDUj0VZdMT-ZSkb/s400/a1.gif" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Apartment Building Design, 1937</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">In 1937, two apartment buildings they designed were featured in the Los Angeles Times. One of these, at 1022 North New Hampshire Street, was to be a $10,000 four-family building, and featured a simplified, modern style, with unadorned stucco walls, steel casement windows, and a small outdoor living area. The other was a larger structure at 761 Stanley Avenue, a $22,000, 20-unit building which consisted of two bungalows, a duplex, and a five-room apartment unit, with four garages provided.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9XT4G79EYLpz9fq5cNpaY5m6QJqg5A4NyB5uek0WLvcw5bifT2TT4-8cSqTanJ2FKACo9trFK2yvnPFkB6-Kj0sHgjGLTEaWrSl3MuKqxQ-l5hg3aNgx_05N54d7_rHwi7zStyOW1Kpzv/s1600/ww1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="323" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9XT4G79EYLpz9fq5cNpaY5m6QJqg5A4NyB5uek0WLvcw5bifT2TT4-8cSqTanJ2FKACo9trFK2yvnPFkB6-Kj0sHgjGLTEaWrSl3MuKqxQ-l5hg3aNgx_05N54d7_rHwi7zStyOW1Kpzv/s640/ww1.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Richard and Eleanor Campbell Residence, San Marino, 1934</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">"<b>SMALL HOUSES"</b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">It was their work on comparatively modest homes, at usually less than 2,000 square feet, that brought Witmer & Watson the majority of acclaim and awards during the years of the Great Depression. It also paved the way for their successful floor plan designs for the apartments at Wyvernwood. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Witmer & Watson won honorable mentions for their small house designs in the national House Beautiful Small Home Competitions in 1928, 1929, 1930, and 1932. Photographs of the winning entries were displayed in the lobby of the Architect’s Building.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In 1932, their design for yet another successful small home was featured in the Los Angeles Times as a home which “exemplifies the type that home builders now realize is best suited to Southern California.” The modest two-bedroom home, at 1,100 square feet, was estimated to cost around $3,000, and featured a simple and convenient floor plan, with ample access to the outdoors, with provisions made for outdoor living. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Design for a small, hillside home, 1933</b></td></tr>
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</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">Another small home design, created for one of Los Angeles’ many still vacant hillside locations, had a design that was described as “Californian.” “The wood siding, shingle or shake roof and colored shutters (all Witmer & Watson signatures) give it the informal and homey appearance characteristic of this style of architecture. The room arrangement features both comfort and compactness.” </span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Peterson Residence, San Marino, 1932</b></td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">A modest but elegant San Marino home built in 1932 for John H. and Esther Peterson, was featured in the Architectural Forum’s “1936 Book of Small Houses,” published in regional newspapers at the time, and followed in 1947 by a two-page feature in the Los Angeles Times. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8G7bx1aM1cdsOH34Ua2prZed9kdWr1EnQXZASR2z2Zt0DcHXhJ-9Nf1DEq7SVxOIKquW7H6dKTO6e48-0rbNjzJsCdF1enzIDbvubnYZ2iDflzer-Ge3SevFmIfdU7VXL3dwaKwwDbNFx/s1600/ww4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="385" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8G7bx1aM1cdsOH34Ua2prZed9kdWr1EnQXZASR2z2Zt0DcHXhJ-9Nf1DEq7SVxOIKquW7H6dKTO6e48-0rbNjzJsCdF1enzIDbvubnYZ2iDflzer-Ge3SevFmIfdU7VXL3dwaKwwDbNFx/s640/ww4.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Patio of the Peterson Residence</b></td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">Built like much of their previous work, the relationship between the house and the landscape was accounted for very early on, during the initial design phase. “The entire arrangement is a fine illustration of what can be done through foresight in planning a house and garden.” Built on a large lot, and enclosed by a high hedge for privacy, “wide, white gates open to reveal the intimate relationship that makes this house and garden one. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQEXCTr2DV9jHdPl3DbASOtStKXkLJ6cQMzQwSCXnKj61bsh7Ey_gjW-xuLbRtkik_454q7nJjv9PK2bioEl7njNyPkxiBbicM0pent1RE5zk8PUzkU-lWaGiQHtlpDVlbPteHWMFA13K9/s1600/a2.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="352" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQEXCTr2DV9jHdPl3DbASOtStKXkLJ6cQMzQwSCXnKj61bsh7Ey_gjW-xuLbRtkik_454q7nJjv9PK2bioEl7njNyPkxiBbicM0pent1RE5zk8PUzkU-lWaGiQHtlpDVlbPteHWMFA13K9/s400/a2.gif" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Site plan of the Peterson Residence</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">Designed as a vital unit, the house and garden go together </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;">with each part augmenting the other in an inspiring setting for outdoor living.” One bedroom, the dining room and living room all opened onto an enclosed patio, which was partially covered by an awning, providing a secluded spot for quiet relaxation or a game of table tennis. On the opposite side of the house, a flagstone-bordered swimming pool was the focal point of the large garden area, which benefited from “abundant cool shade beside it for leisure comfort.” On this side, between the garage and house, there is a dressing room for the swimmers, complete with shower. “It is difficult to tell where the house stops and the garden begins.”</span></span><span class="MsoEndnoteReference" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_edn23" name="_ednref23" style="mso-endnote-id: edn23;" title="">[xxiii]</a></span></span></span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7_q6PSjaPt-iDCjtoYuNp4X0gMGjzrLjvA5kHwxErLr-yxWBICHhthsmN-Wm9sc1hyphenhyphenMHlE1mk29kiBc6pKaw5QHIxXpvfgdfT7Ghn5mpUjOoBaj3aHyCAPVZwGFJIK_Itj8u8guS1CUBz/s1600/Wyvernwood+Dick+Whittington.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="433" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7_q6PSjaPt-iDCjtoYuNp4X0gMGjzrLjvA5kHwxErLr-yxWBICHhthsmN-Wm9sc1hyphenhyphenMHlE1mk29kiBc6pKaw5QHIxXpvfgdfT7Ghn5mpUjOoBaj3aHyCAPVZwGFJIK_Itj8u8guS1CUBz/s640/Wyvernwood+Dick+Whittington.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Wyvernwood, 1939</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">MODERN HOUSING</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In 1938, Witmer & Watson, in collaboration with landscape architect Hammond Sadler, were busy designing the first privately funded, large-scale housing development built in Southern California, the FHA-insured Wyvernwood project. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">This would be followed by the government-funded housing project for the Housing Authority of the city of Los Angeles - Estrada Courts – which was directly adjacent to the Wyvernwood community. Designed again in collaboration with landscape architect Hammond Sadler, Witmer & Watson were joined on this project by Winchton Risley and Baldwin Hills Village architect Robert E. Alexander, who served as chief architect on the project . <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifIxZ78xH08AYCIEVOYg7hoXZiafjfhilzRrmqfk8MOE0Kgr_ClYBydKK_9Tz4AP_g5NSNRTjo_T8_cinP6Ja1DSYJ75ICq6sP1dltZdEOOAWB5_4UJ3-s8OKJGVdJmLFA5URsumD1Z2CC/s1600/lakewood.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifIxZ78xH08AYCIEVOYg7hoXZiafjfhilzRrmqfk8MOE0Kgr_ClYBydKK_9Tz4AP_g5NSNRTjo_T8_cinP6Ja1DSYJ75ICq6sP1dltZdEOOAWB5_4UJ3-s8OKJGVdJmLFA5URsumD1Z2CC/s640/lakewood.gif" width="375" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Homes for "Youthful Incomes" at Lakewood City, 1941</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">In 1941, collaborating again in with Robert E. Alexander and Hammond Sadler, Witmer & Watson created the drawings for the 2,500 homes planned for the suburban community of Lakewood City, near Long Beach. Though World War II interrupted its momentum (only 585 homes "for youthful incomes" were completed during the early years of the war), Lakewood City was the perhaps the first fully planned, mass-produced suburban community, predating Levittown, New York by six years.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">During World War II, David J. Witmer was busy with war work, and Loyall F. Watson maintained the office for the duration, though no Southern California projects were initiated.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7VDFpfDi8S8j9BTRNQGyFlzXA3eeH_zEx4WUGjsDlxCVpV7N6ad9GmVIRkI929Z81VCGdsdztMAwFHPI57V7hXGGAHpymOlZffvVOhplFbaFDNMdUdeD3WYxh655l_Fjs6cHm75l88caG/s1600/montebello.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7VDFpfDi8S8j9BTRNQGyFlzXA3eeH_zEx4WUGjsDlxCVpV7N6ad9GmVIRkI929Z81VCGdsdztMAwFHPI57V7hXGGAHpymOlZffvVOhplFbaFDNMdUdeD3WYxh655l_Fjs6cHm75l88caG/s400/montebello.gif" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Small home in Montebello, 1946</b></td></tr>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">After World War II, Witmer returned to Los Angeles, and Witmer & Watson quickly picked up where they had left off. In 1946, one of their “conservatively modern” homes, with “cement plaster exterior, shingle roof and hardwood floors” in Montebello was showcased in the local press. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In 1947, Lowell Walter Pidgeon (1901-1988) was made partner in the firm, which became known as Witmer, Watson & Pidgeon. Pidgeon had graduated from USC with a degree in architecture, in 1925. After working as a set designer at Columbia Pictures, he had become chief draftsman at Witmer & Watson. After Watson’s death in 1960, the firm became Witmer & Pidgeon, until Pidgeon opened his own office in 1966. Some of the projects created during these years include the Claremont College Dispensary Building (1952) and Maintenance Plant (1953), the North Hollywood High School Physical Education Building (1955), Christopher Columbus High School in Canoga Park (1960), and the Gulf Avenue School in Los Angeles (1963).<a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_edn24" name="_ednref24" style="mso-endnote-id: edn24;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[xxiv]</span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">After Pidgeon’s departure, David J. Witmer continued to remain active, working under his own name until his death in 1973.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">See the whole series about Wyvernwood <a href="http://baldwinhillsvillageandthevillagegreen.blogspot.com/2011/09/complete-wyvernwood-series.html">HERE</a></span></span></div><div style="mso-element: endnote-list;"><br />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div id="edn1" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_ednref1" name="_edn1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[i]</span></span></span></a> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;">His obituary requested that in lieu of flowers, donations be made to the “California Home for the Aged Deaf.”<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div id="edn2" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_ednref2" name="_edn2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[ii]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="line-height: 115%;"> Davis and F. Pierpont Davis, known primarily for their innovative Courtyard housing in Los Angeles, went on to become affiliated with some design work in Palos Verdes Estates, with the Olmsted Brothers, and Hammond Sadler. F. Pierpont was the founding member of the California Garden City Company, which was <span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black;">“ an organization of members "who are actively engaged in practicing some of the larger aims of the Association; namely the designing and building of beautiful homes and gardens, the consistent architectural development of real estate subdivisions, and the layout out of such subdivisions and town sites."</span></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div></div><div id="edn3" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_ednref3" name="_edn3" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[iii]</span></span></span></a> <span class="apple-style-span">A Sesqui-centennial history of Kentucky : a narrative historical edition, commemorating one hundred and fifty years of statehood, preserving the record of the growth and development of the commonwealth, and chronicling the genealogical and memorial records of its prominent families and personages. Hopkinsville, Ky.: Historical Record Association, 1945. P. 939</span><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div id="edn4" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_ednref4" name="_edn4" style="mso-endnote-id: edn4;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[iv]</span></span></span></a> “A History of California,” Volume II, by J. M. Guinn, Historic Record Company, Los Angeles, 1907;<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;">From “Pacific Coast Architect,” ARCHITECT’S BUILDING: DODD AND RICHARDS, EXECUTIVE ARCHITECTS; ROLAND E COATE, REGINALD D. JOHNSON, LOYALL F. WATSON, DAVID J. WITMER, CARLETON M. WINSLOW, ASSOCIATES – Western Architect, Vol. 38, 1929 –<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;">Watson. wrote “Suggested Measures for Protection Against Earthquakes” in “Bulletin Allied Architects Association of Los Angeles 1,” No. 10, 1925. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div></div><div id="edn5" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_ednref5" name="_edn5" style="mso-endnote-id: edn5;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[v]</span></span></span></a> AIA Directory, 1962<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div id="edn6" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_ednref6" name="_edn6" style="mso-endnote-id: edn6;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[vi]</span></span></span></a> Archeological assoc. web articl3e<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div id="edn7" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_ednref7" name="_edn7" style="mso-endnote-id: edn7;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[vii]</span></span></span></a> In 1941, Witmer was appointed by the AIA to serve as chairman of a committee of architects which “have taken a stand against the centralization of planning and design in Federal bureaus. Plans for public buildings in every locality, it is held, should be placed in the hands of competent architects, engineers, and landscape architects.” Also serving on the committee under Witmer was Reginald D. Johnson, lead architect at Baldwin Hills Village. The other architects on the committee were Carleton M. Winslow, David C. Allison, Harold Chambers, Gordon Kaufmann, Roland Coate, Palmer Sabin, Pierpont Davis, Paul R. Hunter, Edgar Maybury and William Schuchardt. From: “Architects of Nation to Meet at Yosemite,” Los Angeles Times, Mar 9, 1941, p. 15. <o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div id="edn8" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_ednref8" name="_edn8" style="mso-endnote-id: edn8;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[viii]</span></span></span></a> “Sugar and Spice” Alma Whitaker, Los Angeles Times, Sept 18, 1934<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div id="edn9" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_ednref9" name="_edn9" style="mso-endnote-id: edn9;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[ix]</span></span></span></a> “Uniform Building Codes Assured,” Los Angeles Times, Nove 9, 1930, p D1<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div id="edn10" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><br />
</div></div><div id="edn11" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_ednref11" name="_edn11" style="mso-endnote-id: edn11;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xi]</span></span></span></a> “Clinic of Dwellings Announced,” Los Angeles Times, Mar 17, 1935, p. D1; “Home Displays Draw Crowds,” “Los Angeles Times, Apr 25, 1938, P 10<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div id="edn12" style="mso-element: endnote;"><pre><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_ednref12" name="_edn12" style="mso-endnote-id: edn12;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xii]</span></span></span></a> “<span style="color: black;">ARCHITECTURE,PLANNING,AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, Volume One” Robert E. Alexander, interviewed by Marlene L. Laskey, The Regents of the University of California, 1989<o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><br />
</div></div><div id="edn13" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_ednref13" name="_edn13" style="mso-endnote-id: edn13;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xiii]</span></span></span></a> “The Pentagon: a history,” by Steve Vogel, Random House Digitial, Inc., 2008., p. 257<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div id="edn14" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_ednref14" name="_edn14" style="mso-endnote-id: edn14;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xiv]</span></span></span></a> “Southlanders Win More War Honors,” Los Angeles Times, July 18, 1945, p. A3<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div id="edn15" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_ednref15" name="_edn15" style="mso-endnote-id: edn15;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xv]</span></span></span></a> “Rites Set for David Witmer, L.A. Architect,” Los Angeles Times, May 8, 1973, p. D2<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div id="edn16" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_ednref16" name="_edn16" style="mso-endnote-id: edn16;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xvi]</span></span></span></a> PACIFIC COAST ARCHITECT, VOL 29-30, 1926 ;The magazine also pointed out that Loyall F. Watson was the firm’s structural engineer<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div id="edn17" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_ednref17" name="_edn17" style="mso-endnote-id: edn17;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xvii]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="line-height: 115%;"> “Milestones,” Time Magazine, June 11, 1928. From 1936 to 1941, Witmer served on the Architectural Board of Control (Art Jury) at Palos Verdes Estates, along with Wyvernwood landscape architect Hammond Sadler. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div></div><div id="edn18" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_ednref18" name="_edn18" style="mso-endnote-id: edn18;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xviii]</span></span></span></a> “Exhibition of Model Homes to Open Soon,” Los Angeles Times, Oct 27, 1929<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div id="edn19" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_ednref19" name="_edn19" style="mso-endnote-id: edn19;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xix]</span></span></span></a> “Exhibit Exemplifies Faith in Southland,” Los Angeles Times, Nov 26, 1933, p. 17<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div id="edn20" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_ednref20" name="_edn20" style="mso-endnote-id: edn20;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xx]</span></span></span></a> “Monterey Idea Shown in Plan,” Los Angeles Times, Dec 3, 1933, p 19<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div id="edn21" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_ednref21" name="_edn21" style="mso-endnote-id: edn21;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xxi]</span></span></span></a> “Home Plans Win Favor,” Los Angeles Times, Nov 1, 1936, p. E2<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div id="edn22" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_ednref22" name="_edn22" style="mso-endnote-id: edn22;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xxii]</span></span></span></a> “Metal and Glass Feature Store Building Design,” Los Angeles Times, Jun 21, 1936, P. D3<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div id="edn23" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_ednref23" name="_edn23" style="mso-endnote-id: edn23;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xxiii]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="line-height: 115%;">“The House Steps Into the Garden,” Los Angeles Times, Jul 20, 1947, p. D5; Also “The 1936 Book of Small Houses,” by the Architectural Forum, Simon and Schuster, New York, 1936. The house, which still exists, has been added on to, and the large yard subdivided. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div></div><div id="edn24" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/steven.keylon/Desktop/Garden%20Cities%20at%20Risk%20CHAPTER%20TWO.doc#_ednref24" name="_edn24" style="mso-endnote-id: edn24;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[xxiv]</span></span></span></a> AIA Directory, 1970</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><br />
</div></div></div></div>Steven Keylonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11162895111618226987noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-478449696602390151.post-39614825409661729092011-06-20T10:27:00.000-07:002011-12-29T10:18:25.807-08:00Garden Cities at Risk CHAPTER ONE: Clarence Stein 101<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i><br />
</i></span></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_5hqBYPQYY0I/S8nTwLui4hI/AAAAAAAABjI/DGwnor3clds/s640/sunnyside_commons.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Sunnyside Gardens, Queens, New York</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i></i></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;"><i><br />
</i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;"><i>"Though our means were modest, we contrived to live in an environment where space, sunlight, order, color - these essential ingredients for either life or art - were constantly present, silently molding all of us."</i></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Lewis Mumford, writing about his experiences living at Sunnyside Gardens, New York, Clarence Stein’s earliest Garden City community.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"> <span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=478449696602390151#_edn1" name="_ednref1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title="">[i]</a></span></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=478449696602390151#_edn1" name="_ednref1" title=""></a></span> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><br />
</span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i>After living at the Village Green for over six years, I can personally attest to the transformative powers it has, successfully bringing people together. I believe that most people who live in the Village feel equally passionate about the place we all call home - and I’ve seen that same pride and passion in the residents of Wyvernwood, as they fight to save their community.</i></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i><br />
</i></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i>Make no mistake about it, though, these transformative powers, and the feelings of pride they instill, are no accident, but are the result of a design carefully and expertly engineered to function in precisely this way. To fully understand why communities like Wyvernwood and Village Green still work as well as they do, even with many of their planned amenities removed, one must understand what architect and urban planner Clarence Stein’s vision was for these communities, which were created using both the art and science of </i></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i>design to be a new paradigm for modern, planned housing. Though Clarence Stein wasn’t directly involved in the creation of Wyvernwood, it was developed using Stein’s principles, and as such, is a direct product of his ideas and philosophies - as are all of the Southern California Garden Cities.</i></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i><br />
</i></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i>All this week on the Baldwin Hills Village blog, we’ll take a look at the designers who created Wyvernwood, and describe the history of this fine community, as well as the current fight to preserve it. The complete series of Wyvernwood posts can be found <a href="http://baldwinhillsvillageandthevillagegreen.blogspot.com/2011/09/complete-wyvernwood-series.html">HERE</a></i></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">In the first half of the 20<sup>th</sup></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;"> Century, the designers working on communities like Wyvernwood believed that they could use new concepts in housing as a medium to express, and even shape the values and well-being of the community; that providing residents with easy access to fresh air and open green spaces, with provisions for recreation and social interaction in them, would help create strong community bonds and a sociability which would enhance and enrich their lives in ways they wouldn’t normally be able to achieve in a city apartment, or often even in a suburban situation.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">During these years, forward-thinking city planners, architects and landscape architects began working together to create a new idea of urban community, as they had seen in modern housing “the chance of creating… brave new communities – uncluttered, throbbing with new life and vigor, beacons of urbane living.”</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=478449696602390151#_edn2" name="_ednref2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title="">[ii]</a></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">Leading this revolution in modern housing was renowned urban planner Clarence S. Stein. Largely through his farsighted guidance, the architects, planners and landscape architects of this movement believed that entirely new communities, using Garden City principles, could be built on open, undeveloped land just outside city limits, surrounded by greenbelts, but linked to one another by public transport or highways; at the same time, the slums and decay of the existing inner cities would be rebuilt, reorganized and improved using many of the same principles. Each would be integrally and organically related to the overall community, and to each other; and with carefully planned attractive shared open spaces, it was hoped that their surroundings would subtly mold and direct people toward socially progressive aims and greater involvement in the community.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">Influential architecture critic Lewis Mumford wrote that the Garden City communities of Clarence Stein and his partner Henry Wright “dared to put beauty as one of the imperative needs of a planned environment: the beauty of ordered buildings, measured to the human scale, of trees and flowering plants, and of open greens surrounded by buildings of low density, so that children may scamper over them, to add to both their use and their aesthetic loveliness.”<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=478449696602390151#_edn3" name="_ednref3" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[iii]</span></span></span></a> </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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</span></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="clear: left; float: left; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCIkKPQxx6in6mZoVr6MDm3lxuV3DGI_U3LuzTVcR7hASh7OWpV2b7F1KqfsXEHO_7LZjYg8d7Ecaq5kTAYwTq0yuCmwW_8W0JF8DPk-UacTk9dhYYYpAI-MNI46QaIkQdw9qTMT5eUzo1/s320/%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1+%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F.jpg" width="269" /></span><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Clarence S. Stein</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> (1882-1975), one of the twentieth century’s most profound visionaries, led groundbreaking innovations in urban planning. Though trained as an architect, he was also a persuasive writer. Born, raised and educated in New York, Stein was primarily considered an East Coast figure, though he did have strong and early ties to Southern California. After studying architecture at Columbia University and the <span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: windowtext;">École des Beaux-Arts</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span">in Paris, Stein returned to the United States in 1911, joining the firm of Bertram Goodhue in New York. Goodhue sent Stein to Southern California, where he worked as chief designer on several large-scale projects, including the 1915</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Panama-California Exposition</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span">in</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">San Diego, California</span>, and the master plan and individual buildings for the</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">California Institute of Technology</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span">in Pasadena.</span></span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;"><br />
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<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Moving back to New York in 1919, he opened his own practice. In 1921, he began a long and fruitful collaboration with architect Henry Wright (1878-1936). This charismatic partnership would produce some of the most innovative urban planning in the history of the United States.</span></div></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;"><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In 1923, at Stein’s initiative, the Regional Planning Association of America (RPAA) was formed, in collaboration with Henry Wright, and other members including Lewis Mumford, Benton MacKaye, and Alexander Bing. The goal of this group was to “connect a diverse group of friends in a critical examination of the city, in the collaborative development and dissemination of ideas, in political action and in city building projects”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
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</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The RPAA had a profound influence on urban development through the prolific and effective writing of its members. More importantly, Stein and Wright spearheaded new and innovative ideas in community planning, starting with some private developments on the East Coast. These were inspired by </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sir Ebenezer Howard, who had initiated the Garden City movement at the turn of the 20<sup>th</sup> Century in Great Britain, with his book “Garden Cities of To-morrow,” and also by modern German, Dutch and British large-scale housing of the 1920’s.</span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The first of these projects was Sunnyside Gardens in Queens, New York. Sunnyside Gardens, a seventy-seven acre low-rise development, was constructed from 1924-29. This was followed by Radburn, a much larger community in New Jersey, begun in 1929. “In these projects, Stein, Henry Wright and Alexander Bing rethought the basic social and environmental needs, as well as the financing and physical layout, of the American urban residential community; in so doing, they created new urban forms.”<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=478449696602390151#_edn4">[iv]</a> (an excellent blog about these communities <a href="http://www.thepolisblog.org/2009/04/design-preservation-sustainability.html">here</a>)</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="512" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_5hqBYPQYY0I/S8nTlRhG28I/AAAAAAAABjE/H74ZIwroVvA/s640/radburn_park.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="640" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Freedom from dangers of the automobile at Radburn</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: black;"></span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
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<div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Particularly at Radburn, Stein and Wright created a revolution in planning, which would truly deal for the first time with the problem and dangers of the automobile. Stein had written that what he hoped his communities would offer was “a beautiful environment, a home for children, an opportunity to enjoy the day’s leisure and the ability to ride on the Juggernaut of industry, instead of being prostrated under its wheels.”<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=478449696602390151#_edn5">[v]</a> At Radburn, “a community within a community,” automobile traffic was separated as much as possible from pedestrian traffic, and for the first time a largely residential “superblock” concept of planning was used. Radburn was followed in the 1930’s by more “towns for the motor age” - Chatham Village (Pittsburgh), Phipps Garden Apartments and Sunnyside (Long Island) and Hillside Homes (the Bronx). In addition to beauty and promotion of social life for their inhabitants, the basic Garden City principles developed by Stein and Wright, were:</span></div><ul><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Superblock</span></u></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> – large parcel with few or no through streets, which consolidated open green spaces for use by the residents;</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Specialized roads</span></u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> – all auto circulation on the perimeter – garage courts for storing of cars;</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Complete separation of pedestrian and automobile</span></u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> – tame the automobile – safer for children;</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Houses turned toward gardens and parks</span></u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> – this arrangement turned the structures outside in, placing the living room windows towards the green spaces;</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The park as the backbone </span></u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">– large green spaces dominate, rather than streets.</span></span></li>
</ul><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Stein and Wright’s philosophies were embraced by the government during the early years of the Great Depression, serving as the design standard for the public housing programs. Acting as a consultant on Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s Greenbelt Towns program, Stein hoped that these initial steps would pave the way for ideal community planning at a much larger scale.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="444" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_5hqBYPQYY0I/S8naSmfaHhI/AAAAAAAABjc/Z4uhGZ-f_zE/s640/clarence_aline_stein.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="640" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Clarence Stein and his wife Aline</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;"></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><div style="text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 21px;">SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA GARDEN CITIES</span></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Because of his innovations in urban planning on the East Coast, in early 1938 Clarence Stein was hired by the Housing Authority of the County of Los Angeles to serve as the consulting architect on its first two projects – Carmelitos and Harbor Hills. In August and September 1938, Stein travelled to California to meet with Housing Authority officials and the architects involved with the projects with whom he would work.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsMuk8zoq7TpTSVQFYLAMi9wXMey02vYO2SKxXdMtS0Q9gM7m65-IdTZ2vivEDHXLbpk70PEcXCLrwnF6V3KdZ5TWVjpOGKO1uyTLQ5DEh8DtSJqrMnw-76I8Fp4aefGdE3btmgjldXfz0/s1600/carmelitos.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="492" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsMuk8zoq7TpTSVQFYLAMi9wXMey02vYO2SKxXdMtS0Q9gM7m65-IdTZ2vivEDHXLbpk70PEcXCLrwnF6V3KdZ5TWVjpOGKO1uyTLQ5DEh8DtSJqrMnw-76I8Fp4aefGdE3btmgjldXfz0/s640/carmelitos.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Clarence Stein and the Carmelitos architects working on the site plan using wooden blocks, 1938</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The first of these - Carmelitos in Long Beach, (Kenneth S. Wing and Cecil A. Schilling, architects; Ralph D. Cornell, landscape architect) - would provide 607 homes for families whose annual incomes ranged from $900 to $1,200 annually.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=478449696602390151#_edn6">[vi]</a></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> The fifty acre site had eighty-seven buildings, arranged in such a way that ample parking was provided, but automobile and pedestrian traffic was kept as separate as possible. A backyard garden was provided for every family, and provisions were made for playgrounds, an outdoor nursery school, and other recreation areas for both children and adults. </span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span><br />
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</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The landscaping by Ralph Cornell was “simple but effective, with familiar California flowering shrubs and trees lending color to the scheme.”</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="267" src="http://farm6.static.flickr.com/5207/5215374328_9a2a4ee06f_b.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="640" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>The site plan for Harbor Hills</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">At the next community, Harbor Hills, (Reginald D. Johnson, Chief Architect; Donald B. Parkinson, Eugene Weston, Jr, Lewis Eugene Wilson, A.C. Zimmerman; Katherine Bashford and Fred Barlow, Jr, landscape architects - Johnson, Wilson and Barlow were later affiliated with Baldwin Hills Village), built on a captivating site overlooking the San Pedro Bay, only 27 acres of the 102 acre site was developed, because of several deep canyons and gullies. Buildings were grouped around large parking areas, which were fifty-four feet wide. Room was also provided for off-street parking for all tenants. The development followed the contours of the site, utilizing a chevron pattern to break up the repetition of the parallel rows commonly used in other housing projects, giving it a unique character.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">A rather small housing development, with just 300 units in 52 buildings on 102 acres, provisions were still made for community equipment. Clarence Stein believed that creating larger developments would “have the advantage of being able to afford more adequate and varied community space and service. Therefore, wherever it is practical, it would seem advisable to organize public housing in developments large enough to supply community equipment that can be administered with maximum economy.”</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="272" src="http://farm6.static.flickr.com/5205/5215461522_7c80859b35_b.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="640" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Children enjoy the spray pool at Harbor Hills</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;"><br />
</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">“The project is designed to provide living space with a measure of charm and informality for families who previously lived in substandard quarters. The buildings have the appearance of well-planned private residences. Seen from a distance, they become a part of the terraced hillside on which they stand. There are gardens in the rear of the buildings, play areas with benches, tree-bordered walks, a spray pool and nursery, and a community building with a special hall and hobby room. The architecture is distinctly western in treatment.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=478449696602390151#_edn7">[vii]</a></span><br />
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</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Stein visited California in October 1941, and said “I visited both Carmelitos and Harbor Hills. I was delighted with the appearance of both of them. Harbor Hills in detail is, I think, one of the best projects in the country. Carmelitos is very attractive.”<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=478449696602390151#_edn8">[viii]</a></span></div><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">During this time, Clarence Stein was also busy acting as consulting architect for Baldwin Hills Village. At Baldwin Hills Village, Stein’s tenets came together in their most fully realized form. Even more so than at his communities on the East Coast, in Southern California the region’s “necessary evil” – the automobile, and the car-centric culture that had grown up around it – had to be solved. The same year the Arroyo Seco Parkway opened - Southern California’s first freeway - the design team behind Baldwin Hills Village finalized their radically inspired plans to “tame the car.”</span></div><br />
<b style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">END OF THE HOUSING ERA</b><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In the postwar years, returning veterans and their families caused the housing crisis to continue. Because Los Angeles was a port of dispatch and re-entry during the War years and immediately thereafter, more than seven million men and women who served in the armed forces had experienced Southern California, some for the first time. The allure of the location and climate was enough to beckon nearly one third of all out-of-state veterans back to settle in Southern California following the war.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=478449696602390151#_edn9">[ix]</a> </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">As the housing crisis began to subside, acceptance for the idea of public housing waned in the years following World War II, as beliefs and philosophies evolved – private real estate became more desirable, and government housing was looked down on as a form of socialism – or worse, communism. The two emergencies (economic and war) of the prior decade and a half had waned, and so had the acceptance for affordable government subsidized housing, and even privately funded large-scale housing developments like Wyvernwood or Baldwin Hills Village. </span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The hope had been that these private housing developments would provide the urban model of “villages in the city” connected by public transport. But their innovative solutions to “taming the automobile” and fostering intimate social community within sophisticated, high-density urban settings was lost to the changing times when rapid, piecemeal real estate development and the profits it engendered swept these principles and opportunities aside. Stein’s vision for communities built on undeveloped land (like at Wyvernwood and Baldwin Hills Village), while the slums of the inner city were replaced with idealized communities (such as at Aliso Village or Ramona Gardens) never came to pass.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The returning veteran’s dream of possessing a free-standing house of his own, where he would raise his family, and cultivate his own plot of land, overshadowed the pursuit of communities designed with carefully planned communal gardens designed to create the “spirit of fellowship and cooperation.”</span><br />
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<div style="mso-element: endnote-list;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">See the complete series of blog posts about Wyvernwood <a href="http://baldwinhillsvillageandthevillagegreen.blogspot.com/2011/09/complete-wyvernwood-series.html">HERE</a> </span></div><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div id="edn1" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=478449696602390151#_ednref1" name="_edn1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%;">[i]</span></span></span></a> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">“Invisible Gardens,” Walker and Simo<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div id="edn2" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=478449696602390151#_ednref2" name="_edn2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[ii]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"> “Making a Better World,” Don Parson, University of Minnesota Press - quoting architect and housing advocate Albert Mayer p.8<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div id="edn3" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=478449696602390151#_ednref3" name="_edn3" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[iii]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"> “Toward New Towns for America,” Clarence Stein, 1951, p. 18-19. (Liverpool: University Press of Liverpool)<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div id="edn4" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=478449696602390151#_ednref4" name="_edn4" style="mso-endnote-id: edn4;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[iv]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"> “The Writings of Clarence Stein,” Kermit Carlyle Parsons, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998, p. xxiv<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div id="edn5" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=478449696602390151#_ednref5" name="_edn5" style="mso-endnote-id: edn5;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[v]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"> “Invisible Gardens,” Walker and Simo, pr 46 – referencing Stein’s article “Dinosaur Cities,” Survey Graphic 7 (May 1925), p 134-138.<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div id="edn6" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=478449696602390151#_ednref6" name="_edn6" style="mso-endnote-id: edn6;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[vi]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"> According to the CPI Inflation Index, $900-1200 in 1940 dollars calculates to about $14-19,000 in 2011<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div id="edn7" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=478449696602390151#_ednref7" name="_edn7" style="mso-endnote-id: edn7;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[vii]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"> “Public Housing,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">California Arts & Architecture</i>, July 1941, p. 32<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div id="edn8" style="mso-element: endnote;"><div class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=478449696602390151#_ednref8" name="_edn8" style="mso-endnote-id: edn8;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[viii]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"> “The Writings of Clarence Stein,” Kermit Carlyle Parsons, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998, p. 423</span></div><div class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 32px; font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=478449696602390151#_ednref9" name="_edn9" style="mso-endnote-id: edn9;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[ix]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 32px; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;"> “The Provisional City:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="subtitle">Los Angeles Stories of Architecture and Urbanism</span>,”</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 32px; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 32px; font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small; font-weight: normal;"><span class="apple-style-span">MIT Press, 2002</span> Dana Cuff, p 54</span></span></div></div><div id="edn9" style="mso-element: endnote;"><h1><o:p></o:p></h1></div></div></div>Steven Keylonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11162895111618226987noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-478449696602390151.post-9738873750482199382011-06-14T10:41:00.000-07:002011-09-28T12:31:57.006-07:00Garden Cities at Risk: Introduction<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">VIEW THE COMPLETE WYVERNWOOD SERIES <a href="http://baldwinhillsvillageandthevillagegreen.blogspot.com/2011/09/complete-wyvernwood-series.html">HERE</a>:<br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">At the end of the Great Depression, and just prior to the United States’ entry into World War II, a respected and talented team of designers collaborated on a Utopian community, which, it was hoped, would be a new paradigm for middle-class housing in Los Angeles. Built on a roughly 70-acre “superblock,” the carefully and intelligently planned site was created to discourage through traffic (keeping pedestrian and automobile traffic separate), provide ample access to fresh air, light, and recreational facilities, using urban planner Clarence Stein’s Garden City principles. Most importantly, buildings and landscape were designed at the same time, ensuring an organic and cohesive plan, meant to foster community with very livable, high-quality apartments, set amidst expansive landscaped grounds, at low density and at relatively low cost.</span><br />
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</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">It sounds familiar, doesn’t it? But I’m not talking about Baldwin Hills Village. The first large scale, privately funded (though insured by the FHA) Garden City in Los Angeles was Wyvernwood, which opened in August, 1939 – a little more than two years before Baldwin Hills Village. Designed by architects David J. Witmer and Loyall F. Watson, in collaboration with landscape architect Hammond Sadler, Wyvernwood is a sister city to Baldwin Hills Village/Village Green, and is currently threatened with demolition.</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><b>The announcement of the opening of Wyvernwood, <br />
describing a "more luxurious way<br />
of living."</b></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>At Baldwin Hills Village, the brochure introducing<br />
the community advertised "a new and<br />
finer style of living."</b></td></tr>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Though developed by an expert design team, utilizing the same Radburn Plan principles used at Baldwin Hills Village, Wyvernwood (which is still a privately owned rental community) has no real protection as an historic site. While Village Green has multiple layers of protection (Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument, National Register of Historic Places, and most importantly – National Historic Landmark), Wyvernwood has been deemed eligible for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places, but so far that has not happened. It is registered on the California Register of Historical Resources, however.</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">There were three privately owned large-scale Garden Cities created in Los Angeles prior to World War II, the other being Parklabrea. Parklabrea was developed by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company of New York, and opened in 1943. Parklabrea has a sister city in San Francisco – <a href="http://tclf.org/sites/default/files/landslide/2008/parkmerced/index.html">Parkmerced</a> – which was just <a href="http://www.sfbg.com/bruce/2011/06/07/editorial-mayor-ed-lee-should-veto-parkmerced-development-agreement">narrowly approved</a> for demolition in the last few weeks. Will Parklabrea be next?</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_TrxC8mFWNfQR8V7FzgfQf18d-VSuSralaw2GWpL4fCPg9zfdYxTpxCjGVOS58NUxtkmi4Rr70t1RioPe1X0MbUYRMevG-l0YqVus-Ci8ql6XIq9rRGxNh1jKaFVJJHE7k_xcN3ceTJGN/s1600/Wyvernwood+pic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="449" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_TrxC8mFWNfQR8V7FzgfQf18d-VSuSralaw2GWpL4fCPg9zfdYxTpxCjGVOS58NUxtkmi4Rr70t1RioPe1X0MbUYRMevG-l0YqVus-Ci8ql6XIq9rRGxNh1jKaFVJJHE7k_xcN3ceTJGN/s640/Wyvernwood+pic.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Wyvernwood soon after completion, 1939. Like Baldwin Hills Village, all<br />
fronts of apartments faced open green spaces, while automobiles<br />
were stored behind buildings in garage courts.</b></td></tr>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal"></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">THE FIGHT TO SAVE WYVERNWOOD</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Village Green Board member John Keho and I were recently invited to visit Wyvernwood, touring the grounds with <span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #222222;">Leonardo López, a Wyvernwood resident and President</span></span> of <span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #222222;">El Comité de la Esperanza, a group of residents and activists committed to saving their homes from destruction. Several members of El Comité joined us, as did Adrian Fine and Karina Muniz from the Los Angeles Conservancy.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #222222;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">There are some differences between Village Green and Wyvernwood, but after seeing the property and hearing stories from the residents, the similarities far exceed any differences. The most obvious and important quality we both share is the sense of pride we feel about where we live. Even in somewhat diminished current states, with the removal of some of the features planned by the designers to help foster community, these Garden Cities are so well-designed that they still manage to bring people together like no other place I’ve ever experienced.</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Over the course of the next week or so, I’m going to do several posts about Wyvernwood, attempting to show just how very much alike our two communities are. I’ve been doing research on the history of the community, including the architects and landscape architect, and will post brief biographies and descriptions of their work. I’ll describe how Wyvernwood came to be developed, what made it so successful, innovative, and well-received when it opened in 1939, and how it actually may have influenced the design team then working on Baldwin Hills Village. I’ll also show you what the current owners plan to replace Wyvernwood with once they destroy it, and how I believe that the rationale behind their claim that the new community will “transform the outdated Wyvernwood complex into a beautiful, modern and sustainable neighborhood” isn’t entirely rational.</span><br />
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</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The complete series of posts about Wyvernwood can be found <a href="http://baldwinhillsvillageandthevillagegreen.blogspot.com/2011/09/complete-wyvernwood-series.html">here</a></span></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></div>Steven Keylonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11162895111618226987noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-478449696602390151.post-70915036827794760352011-05-31T11:21:00.000-07:002011-06-09T19:26:34.808-07:00Fandango on the Village Green<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsFpOAxPXjZijet2jXkRVYKDgKssShFCJ22keH-YODik_2jdSLAS-vzideIS3o4WP0NBQtZyQJkdZnLJRG01xJZlbfPi9swePrrHB9Y5rwE4bBol-s_ZO-xNvlasHoPxciBgap-IE3uUzS/s1600/Fandango+029.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsFpOAxPXjZijet2jXkRVYKDgKssShFCJ22keH-YODik_2jdSLAS-vzideIS3o4WP0NBQtZyQJkdZnLJRG01xJZlbfPi9swePrrHB9Y5rwE4bBol-s_ZO-xNvlasHoPxciBgap-IE3uUzS/s400/Fandango+029.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Villagers of all ages enjoyed the show</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Did you go to the Fandango on the main green on Sunday? I hope you did, because <a href="http://bettoarcos.com/">Betto Arcos</a>, in collaboration with the Cultural Affairs Committee, put on a wonderful show!! Here is the description of the event from our website:</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">"What is a Fandango? A Fandango is a jam session where musicians and dancers, devoted to the rich and upbeat music from Southern Veracruz in Mexico, gather to play and dance."</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdW5byVaRTH9ZGpJM6ggGIUsHtDAyZDC5skGLD149O_tJhm-5xZ3artZ45liutyveLmB5OeH5OT3_uzr3supN8QHiq-5lb6gIgstiTJY2JO6PCnESzUKCTqfenSApYta2f5t-jzF5oLLN3/s1600/Fandango+009.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdW5byVaRTH9ZGpJM6ggGIUsHtDAyZDC5skGLD149O_tJhm-5xZ3artZ45liutyveLmB5OeH5OT3_uzr3supN8QHiq-5lb6gIgstiTJY2JO6PCnESzUKCTqfenSApYta2f5t-jzF5oLLN3/s400/Fandango+009.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>The Fandango attracted a large crowd</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">"In the tradition of the early summer and Labor Day concerts, join us Memorial Day weekend to picnic, listen to great music and dance (if you want!) with renowned radio personality and Village Green resident Betto Arcos and his friends as they jam the afternoon away playing and dancing Son Jarocho."</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1MZy-IR8cc2orN7hAmytkhFBSZoQ2yVdf_5aQ6OPSnGZ8cFDwh-hJGMhqLtFm9WceRXdSvG7FlsjJN5NaTN6Ut6bto509RnMZ83W0BlLSad6GmxXhv8epli-Aixqqh2N2edrAQJiKrKAy/s1600/Fandango+004.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1MZy-IR8cc2orN7hAmytkhFBSZoQ2yVdf_5aQ6OPSnGZ8cFDwh-hJGMhqLtFm9WceRXdSvG7FlsjJN5NaTN6Ut6bto509RnMZ83W0BlLSad6GmxXhv8epli-Aixqqh2N2edrAQJiKrKAy/s400/Fandango+004.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Can you think of a better location for a concert?</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">"The Son Jarocho of southern Veracruz is one of the most dynamic variations of the musical/dance genre known as the Son Mexicano. The "folk music" of Mexico, the Son Mexicano emerged during the colonial period as a mix between Spanish, Indigenous, and African music and dance."</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi975sfvu1h2Lb581yY79pqtzgg469HvetnmeTO8W0oy_RBzcZV_gyWEBC1yxl-xEAikEtcybs7iqjOoMJndvAvomp9_n09rdcVYt78X0fxBm5Icbn7_pCkf5nXaNkyoCP7qjH-_9DBhUll/s1600/Fandango+008.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi975sfvu1h2Lb581yY79pqtzgg469HvetnmeTO8W0oy_RBzcZV_gyWEBC1yxl-xEAikEtcybs7iqjOoMJndvAvomp9_n09rdcVYt78X0fxBm5Icbn7_pCkf5nXaNkyoCP7qjH-_9DBhUll/s400/Fandango+008.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Our dapper maintenance manager Harold and Village Green resident Penny.</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Our concerts on the Green are always a big hit, and this concert was very well attended. Such great music and dance and neighbors under the breezy canopy of sycamore leaves reminds one why the Village is such a great place to live. The next concerts organized by the Cultural Affairs Committee will be Sunday, June 26 and Monday, September 5, both from 3 - 6pm - see you there!</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dxy7p7M51pchKAwuS0yO4E0d0tPyhwdX1Gyf-QPEg6Wor3PrKGKy1Io8l_NoivmJXCZibmd4GNOW1PEeTcckQ' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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<div class="separator" style="border-collapse: collapse; clear: both; color: #333333; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; line-height: normal;">The concert continued on Betto and Josephine's patio after the official concert ended!</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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</div></span></div>Steven Keylonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11162895111618226987noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-478449696602390151.post-77966374287345852472011-05-26T12:35:00.000-07:002011-05-27T14:43:40.860-07:00V.I.P. (Very Important Preservationists) Week for Village Green<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZdJteQzGD6DINALQ7HlXQYI6JJ4NDi4QbL9dnhW6iEXaxECJw9VScXKnkCEvIkp1qe49ca3MNWor3QI11ONWUapTmrSlAm8_2GFF8a80OZ8skpT_57ucdYQT30JFko41CPnS9jZ_6xTMj/s1600/Gracie+VG.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="448" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZdJteQzGD6DINALQ7HlXQYI6JJ4NDi4QbL9dnhW6iEXaxECJw9VScXKnkCEvIkp1qe49ca3MNWor3QI11ONWUapTmrSlAm8_2GFF8a80OZ8skpT_57ucdYQT30JFko41CPnS9jZ_6xTMj/s640/Gracie+VG.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Gracie and I give Charles Birnbaum a motor tour of the perimeter of Village Green</span></i></b></td></tr>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">I haven’t posted here for a few months, mostly because I was busy preparing for an historic week at Village Green. During this time, we had the honor of hosting some of the most important and influential historic preservation proponents at Village Green.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">First, on Thursday, May 12th, Charles Birnbaum spent the day with a few of us at the Village, touring the property and gathering information to help us as we complete our Cultural Landscape Report (CLR). </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">A Cultural Landscape Report is one of two vital documents which are the primary guides for the treatment, use and maintenance of an historic property such as Village Green, a National Historic Landmark. Last year, we hired Architectural Resources Group to complete our Historic Structure Report, which is the other document.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px;">Charles Birnbaum is the leading advocate for the understanding and preservation of historic landscapes in the United States. After fifteen years as the coordinator of the National Park Service Historic Landscape Initiative (HLI), Charles founded the Cultural Landscape Foundation in 1998. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><a href="http://tclf.org/">http://tclf.org/</a></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px;">The Cultural Landscape Foundation is, according to its website, "the only not-for-profit (501(c)(3)) foundation in America dedicated to increasing the public's awareness and understanding of the importance and irreplaceable legacy of its cultural landscapes." </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px;">The Village Green recently received a matching grant from the National Trust for Historic Preservation allowing us to hire Charles (through TCLF) to provide review and guidance as we finally begin completing the Cultural Landscape Report. He will create a "white paper" report which will help us establish a long-term preservation plan and philosophy for our historic landscape, which will be included in the CLR.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwkkowuTll16Rj0hL4ryJHopmNgEOIjROwzHQ5IUJpYv_5gMjuI5E3f98zlh5AthM_IvPdEZ5PM6PNj8kzZyLveVwMP6wM0_zmYCl1Bw7tzi-E7JHfFx0iEGw1xxUtnMWMktSD1gQanTSP/s1600/Charles+VG.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img border="0" height="545" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwkkowuTll16Rj0hL4ryJHopmNgEOIjROwzHQ5IUJpYv_5gMjuI5E3f98zlh5AthM_IvPdEZ5PM6PNj8kzZyLveVwMP6wM0_zmYCl1Bw7tzi-E7JHfFx0iEGw1xxUtnMWMktSD1gQanTSP/s640/Charles+VG.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i><b>Charles Birnbaum looking at some of the work we've done on our historic landscape. </b></i></span></td></tr>
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px;">If you’ve never had the wonderful opportunity to hear Charles speak, then you don’t know the inspirational power he has to get you motivated and organized to preserve our important landscapes. It was after hearing him talk at an event a little over a year ago that I really began the process of exhaustively researching the life and career of Fred Barlow, Jr, the landscape architect responsible for the original landscape design at Baldwin Hills Village. I think Holly Kane (the chair of the Cultural Landscape Committee) felt the same way, as she has made tremendous headway in the last year towards completing the history section of our CLR. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">We showed Charles our progress, and spent a very enjoyable and illuminating day with him.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLKP_YHWeNxZNLjvAtIrggrZlKcEoGpfEHvYWVvHVY2OhrLYOZarm_BdnvfiynJvUaGx1rfw9lSvAaSYWiNWthrtouLdm9ht5YrAZtghOAbHnYml4xB7ooRmsu0A-wl2B2iVBMb96S1ymg/s1600/Village+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLKP_YHWeNxZNLjvAtIrggrZlKcEoGpfEHvYWVvHVY2OhrLYOZarm_BdnvfiynJvUaGx1rfw9lSvAaSYWiNWthrtouLdm9ht5YrAZtghOAbHnYml4xB7ooRmsu0A-wl2B2iVBMb96S1ymg/s400/Village+2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The second big event began a few days later, at the Miramar Hotel in Santa Monica. The California Preservation Foundation conference is always a great event, filled with tours, lectures and workshops dealing with historic preservation subjects and issues. It’s also a wonderful way to network and meet other preservationists, and find ways to collaborate.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px;">On Wednesday, May 18<sup>th</sup>, the Village Green was the subject of one of the CPF Workshops. Titled “Time, Trees & Interim Treatments: Avoiding the Cutting Edge?” the workshop was organized by Noel Vernon, the Associate Dean of the College of Environmental Design at Cal Poly Pomona. Noel has been a wonderful friend to the Village over the years, and last year her landscape architecture class spent much of the semester using the Village as a project, spending time researching Fred Barlow, Jr’s original design intent, and then creating innovative presentations on how they would reinterpret or restore specific areas, keeping water conservation at the top of their priority list. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">We were also much honored to have as our guest speaker Bob Page, the Director of the National Park Service’s <span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black;">Olmsted Center for Landscape Preservation</span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> since 2000. Prior to that, for ten years he was the Cultural Landscape Program Manager for the National Park Service. Bob gave a very informative overview of the Cultural Landscape Report process, and how we might apply this here at the Village.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Several of Noel’s students came back to give their presentations at last week’s workshop, and it was great to see their varying interpretations of treatment plans. Robert Nicolais described Clarence Stein and Reginald D. Johnson’s vision for our community, and I spoke briefly about Fred Barlow, Jr’s original design intent for Baldwin Hills Village, showing slides of the forward-thinking and drought resistant landscape he planned. Robert Nicolais also presented work he has done using Google SketchUp to create a wonderful animated graphic showing how a garden court might be restored.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Of course our workshop included a lengthy tour of the property itself, and the Village looked spectacular! We had an esteemed list of guests which included Adrian Fine and Karina Muniz of the Los Angeles Conservancy; Margaret Bach, the founding President of the Los Angeles Conservancy; Margarita Wuellner, PhD and Director of Historic Resources for PCR Services Corp; and Pamela Palmer, a prominent landscape architect from the firm ARTECHO. (<o:p></o:p></span></span><a href="http://www.artecho.com/">http://www.artecho.com/</a>)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">It was a busy, productive and important week for the Village Green and our historic landscape!</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px;"><br />
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</div>Steven Keylonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11162895111618226987noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-478449696602390151.post-18960965277833764812011-05-25T11:29:00.000-07:002011-05-25T11:32:36.867-07:00Houses and property damage caused by breaking of Baldwin Hills Reservoir in Los Angeles, California<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><a href="http://www.criticalpast.com/video/65675068214_flood-disaster_Baldwin-Hills-Reservoir-breaks_submerged-houses_mud-deposited">I</a> just found this Newsreel of the December, 1963 Flood, it's more complete than anything I've seen before, with some very good footage of the Village:<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.criticalpast.com/video/65675068214_flood-disaster_Baldwin-Hills-Reservoir-breaks_submerged-houses_mud-deposited">http://www.criticalpast.com/video/65675068214_flood-disaster_Baldwin-Hills-Reservoir-breaks_submerged-houses_mud-deposited</a></div>Steven Keylonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11162895111618226987noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-478449696602390151.post-75344956274565062472011-03-25T10:47:00.000-07:002011-03-25T14:45:34.728-07:0070 Years Ago Today: Construction Begins on Baldwin Hills Village<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1vPg50OX-TYrYF_ULgTDJQ5i3VMvSlacely6eI-nR9pdfSNrtU3rOIVrupAfLGpZkKyGNNklR6a5GkrHIF4kUtYcfQST9ckxPr7k2cncz5TeRaewPJ-rwRUj8OgsLHAy21WBmp56DJN3H/s1600/Building+starts+today.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="142" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1vPg50OX-TYrYF_ULgTDJQ5i3VMvSlacely6eI-nR9pdfSNrtU3rOIVrupAfLGpZkKyGNNklR6a5GkrHIF4kUtYcfQST9ckxPr7k2cncz5TeRaewPJ-rwRUj8OgsLHAy21WBmp56DJN3H/s400/Building+starts+today.gif" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The Los Angeles Times announces on Tuesday, March 25, 1941, <br />
that construction will begin on "Thousand Gardens"</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></b></td></tr>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px;">Seventy years ago today, ground was broken on Baldwin Hills Village. The development was known during construction as “Thousand Gardens."</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgHNFzi1lUM_p29fE2Bu6qbeQ58kyud8xwHuc7HcuNxv9mVDOmQdmL0rOCcEf0i8iMfl7Cojv9CuPPSTxDfJd_enKIse5FXlKNGCCcqHqk4cg1lao6py89EfzEYwrmbFvir1FS3t0llnFq/s1600/1Fields.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgHNFzi1lUM_p29fE2Bu6qbeQ58kyud8xwHuc7HcuNxv9mVDOmQdmL0rOCcEf0i8iMfl7Cojv9CuPPSTxDfJd_enKIse5FXlKNGCCcqHqk4cg1lao6py89EfzEYwrmbFvir1FS3t0llnFq/s400/1Fields.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The land had been used only for grazing for decades</span></b></td></tr>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The <i>Los Angeles Times</i> reported on Tuesday, March 25, 1941, that “A $3,500,000 large-scale private rental project, named Thousand Gardens, will enter its first construction phase this morning on a 105-acre site on La Brea Ave. at Rodeo Road, at the toe of the northerly slope of Baldwin Hills, it was announced yesterday.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUbHbVIcaWVBoDpMnymtDwCyqvzFS9l_mOTt1mRf0W54FVvQ09rFDnR0953P8GMIvmHxX2ayS-rNmQuaq68OkYTzSWI2v3dA3eOqA08F_-0i83NIXMWylB-PuSe0AsQWj-eGIl3k6H_CfY/s1600/0baldwinhills.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="288" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUbHbVIcaWVBoDpMnymtDwCyqvzFS9l_mOTt1mRf0W54FVvQ09rFDnR0953P8GMIvmHxX2ayS-rNmQuaq68OkYTzSWI2v3dA3eOqA08F_-0i83NIXMWylB-PuSe0AsQWj-eGIl3k6H_CfY/s400/0baldwinhills.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>Grazing fields and the Baldwin Hills</b></span></td></tr>
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Clearance of the site will be followed with construction of 97 one and two-story structures to provide housing accommodations for 627 families. The project is the second largest enterprise of the kind ever insured by the large-scale division of the F.H.A. under conditions of strictly private ownership.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">This clarification that Thousand Gardens would be financed privately was to differentiate this project from the slum clearance Housing Projects which had been recently developed through the US Housing Authority, in conjunction with the Housing Authority for both the city and county of Los Angeles, which used public funds. Several of these projects included architects from the Baldwin Hills Village design team, including landscape architect Fred Barlow, Jr, who in collaboration with his partner Katherine Bashford, participated in the creation of landscapes for more Housing developments than any other landscape architect practicing in Southern California at the time.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The Thousand Gardens site was noted as being “a portion of what was historic Rancho La Cienega o Paso de la Tijera, which had been owned for many decades by the Baldwin family.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">“The project is so designed that every room of the family units ranging from three and one-half rooms to six rooms, will have a view of a landscaped park. The buildings will be 100 feet apart and be designed to give every unit a private entrance and private patio. Some will have wood burning fireplaces. Eight fenced-in children’s playgrounds with slides, sandboxes and other equipment will be among the project’s features. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">There will be a conveniently placed garage for every unit and guest parking for almost 1000 cars.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The project’s structures will cover about 14 per cent of the site, the remainder to be landscaped park areas.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Every modern convenience will be included in the housing.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiowxQo4QM0RrDGr6O5DXNoPcR3-aK7aDgmsTrzLgnwxBeGOA5m8TsopjaEICmTd_WPRrSYbfmi-u5Bn_VaPd9i9tfDfLi07i1iigdq8mXclGvl4CqiQk9l94wEGLmHD4wCqZRjy55xQsSr/s1600/Work+Gets+Under+Way.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img border="0" height="261" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiowxQo4QM0RrDGr6O5DXNoPcR3-aK7aDgmsTrzLgnwxBeGOA5m8TsopjaEICmTd_WPRrSYbfmi-u5Bn_VaPd9i9tfDfLi07i1iigdq8mXclGvl4CqiQk9l94wEGLmHD4wCqZRjy55xQsSr/s400/Work+Gets+Under+Way.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">From the Los Angeles Times, March 30, 1941</span></b></td></tr>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">A few days later, the Los Angeles Times reported that the development was</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">"pronounced by international residential experts to be the nation's outstanding residential enterprise because of the excellence of its plan and design, was moved from architectural drawing boards to scene of construction when initial building operations were launched in the past week.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px;">Sponsors of Thousand Gardens, Inc. include Shirley E. Meserve, president; Estate of Anita M. Baldwin, Norman Chandler, Roger Goodan, Fred Williamson, Ralph Chandler, Dexter Baldwin Jones, L.M. Boyle, E.A. Meserve and Willis J. Boyle.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Architects for the project are Reginald D. Johnson and the firm of Wilson, Merrill and Alexander, with Clarence Stein of New York as consulting architect. Fred Barlow is the landscape architect for the project.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The entire project, including excavating, installation of underground utilities, street work and landscaping, will be by the Baruch Corp. of Los Angeles.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9Fpj8qArwwETxmHxZgUC0okhNqB2FSZdWQLPd3DWq_LyMo_s6q-445HzEFaeX7XrLLpoXap0aL47h_q1l4NUsgtNsBwMSS6a6uh1Wmwh_Ft5_i4TYZeCIRsWr3AYJWMPWtFugOh1HZ0_f/s1600/3tractor.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9Fpj8qArwwETxmHxZgUC0okhNqB2FSZdWQLPd3DWq_LyMo_s6q-445HzEFaeX7XrLLpoXap0aL47h_q1l4NUsgtNsBwMSS6a6uh1Wmwh_Ft5_i4TYZeCIRsWr3AYJWMPWtFugOh1HZ0_f/s400/3tractor.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>Tractors begin clearing the site</b></span></td></tr>
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</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-s42L9pQciqVYoFPCvacxbMERdCJe1nqg8CVJvErGi833tVgXDB917JcaoyzBJlgNkaZ3lc3fVPcAnzuhtUkje4gAszuqa93KvQPg4-jYS_YhtGygM7mimWTlwkFb_ezRnPj_YwMe0-2K/s1600/3tractor.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizMCZr5RdF0oyUbyFyJM8KKhrIt9AGfuWay5EnWHkOAOyp0upfjSJ2vg-JNksBgSenNrnXSAFaY_VCByddgx2ywPT-Qi9Zn1RQujQnKOlUMOf-8yPfrJhsqn5NKpZlKXfua9ceV_6RJnTO/s1600/4tractor.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizMCZr5RdF0oyUbyFyJM8KKhrIt9AGfuWay5EnWHkOAOyp0upfjSJ2vg-JNksBgSenNrnXSAFaY_VCByddgx2ywPT-Qi9Zn1RQujQnKOlUMOf-8yPfrJhsqn5NKpZlKXfua9ceV_6RJnTO/s400/4tractor.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Work begins on the north side of the property later in 1941.<br />
Some building frames can be seen in the background,<br />
and the pristine Baldwin Hills in the distance.</span></b></td></tr>
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</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwrwYQ2eV8T6Rb5kaVOegkbmi7PTxSyJMrlIRXvMCDBSuhp6C9BML-DeLpV8c2JqX9setYIDb8eY9YFFRQ9YBOyzLxOy8HSnstUt7VZKrCu_J_EffVy_f-nqoUnrMAx_C0pDgpUKZjQi2F/s1600/4tractor.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span></b></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Initially, the site had been considered unbuildable, because of the thick layer of peat beneath the surface. However, a creative solution was developed by Dames & Moore, foundation engineers, who came up with a “quite satisfactory and economical plan of excavating the site for each structure and replacing the excavated material with a compacted fill of suitable borrow. The excavation necessary to remove the unstable ground consisting largely of clay and peaty-clay ranged from 2 ft. in depth under most of the buildings up to as much as 14 ft. in some spots.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIj_TsmvmsERTpy-QNV3Rgnnc6afOoXOkHx-oG_LIpSGhNoeQR-UmMsXtqo4mOR7OhJJIro6SftBm9wVrWpb5jY6_drZgY8I6TjUGwypYLCNjTPhIH56t60wJepm5J4u-8bdq1HgBw4d2C/s1600/5mixer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIj_TsmvmsERTpy-QNV3Rgnnc6afOoXOkHx-oG_LIpSGhNoeQR-UmMsXtqo4mOR7OhJJIro6SftBm9wVrWpb5jY6_drZgY8I6TjUGwypYLCNjTPhIH56t60wJepm5J4u-8bdq1HgBw4d2C/s400/5mixer.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>Cement and trucks were provided by the Consolidated<br />
Rock Products Company</b></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjwCq7jFJtJ0dlKpbsIw0g-03NZTSC0QF3XajOTr02Jpw3sTrhATyIIEayfID2RY56oE5rrVDr1gx4guqhFNfVcE__VPY2ACh5D3_W4RZ8UpTg_K_Ya3kYvlOFX6doZ6Nw4ixpXuco9PCa/s1600/pouring+cement.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjwCq7jFJtJ0dlKpbsIw0g-03NZTSC0QF3XajOTr02Jpw3sTrhATyIIEayfID2RY56oE5rrVDr1gx4guqhFNfVcE__VPY2ACh5D3_W4RZ8UpTg_K_Ya3kYvlOFX6doZ6Nw4ixpXuco9PCa/s400/pouring+cement.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>After trenches were filled with concrete on the perimeter<br />
of the foundation, concrete was poured into the center, creating<br />
a slab reinforced by steel bars</b></span></td></tr>
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</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjy7CDX4pEqujVMTlvzgPKbFTPHHLByU_PJPAH0ns-bMWlRPVRFSS_l03BDVWRjpPldrh-ytVCb92WvRlaBKfxCa3JHmc6uoxEtAWvdN2_4BXpfaFFb0HlfZqi0HCGeL-dO2hTW_aAyDJqW/s1600/pouring+cement.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">After the new soil had been compacted by a “sheep’s foot tamping roller,” trenches were excavated to a depth of 18 in.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">The foundations are “2 ft in width, those for the exterior walls being battered on the outside.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">A 4 in. concrete floor slab reinforced with steel bars was then poured on the ground integral with the walls, making a floating slab foundation.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">This was covered with a 15-lb. asphalt saturated felt membrane for insulation against moisture, over which a 1 ½ in. concrete top was poured and given a trowel finish.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"> </span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiC6JNWPfWubEuVyfd0o1Pa64GXDjNKmct-p2se89Ie0yeUF47jr3h4PLRSr8-WJRk-1YKa_vFwXpxl19FQPDNCGU-rVOILxyW9LKxdnbaXbqgW8QadlS-rdz8qHFSHcKo6rgP59fN8srer/s1600/8tar+spray.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="295" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiC6JNWPfWubEuVyfd0o1Pa64GXDjNKmct-p2se89Ie0yeUF47jr3h4PLRSr8-WJRk-1YKa_vFwXpxl19FQPDNCGU-rVOILxyW9LKxdnbaXbqgW8QadlS-rdz8qHFSHcKo6rgP59fN8srer/s400/8tar+spray.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>After the concrete had cured, tar was sprayed over<br />
the entire foundation</b></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2eKCmvPzOp2S8tcAb9ZGQa5i8DsJJwHY__e4ds-kU6Bv-ppJlXwzHDNu8TUTJON7p-D3mnlwYI359eNqttyvwyz2_dsO4s7z_4Xo8fUYuzYUna8vPnnjMXuo-o1ArHsixod1h9Wj_h39E/s1600/8tar+mop.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2eKCmvPzOp2S8tcAb9ZGQa5i8DsJJwHY__e4ds-kU6Bv-ppJlXwzHDNu8TUTJON7p-D3mnlwYI359eNqttyvwyz2_dsO4s7z_4Xo8fUYuzYUna8vPnnjMXuo-o1ArHsixod1h9Wj_h39E/s400/8tar+mop.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>The tar was hot mopped</b></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNGlzUYb7BrclJqb8Cgz8wPaQKd_onb6dt8rvYIUJ4AO93lai8tWx8bN7N_6i1i3npDP1k1RrXScCciSkmdTLGsYhulqwyo7yC0CgJOpcM7_zYpmQfKg4o087k5V4oxKeQrLx5BWoqHVpI/s1600/9lay+tar+paper.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="295" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNGlzUYb7BrclJqb8Cgz8wPaQKd_onb6dt8rvYIUJ4AO93lai8tWx8bN7N_6i1i3npDP1k1RrXScCciSkmdTLGsYhulqwyo7yC0CgJOpcM7_zYpmQfKg4o087k5V4oxKeQrLx5BWoqHVpI/s400/9lay+tar+paper.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>The hot mopped foundation was then covered in<br />
15-lb. asphalt saturated felt membrane</b></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5N4zsA1BYItAp1ywOyyp2oX5gaZL4bxDC3_gQU5Mx7T2Q0od_xP119LfGOZsEkMUwFjGjNit7ZW1dD9YrV_jDh7K5HXTZheu_QcJhu5OBWsTKiJv3HeZGnvVUhPBvAfJi8D5xS2DNux9m/s1600/10tar+paper+down.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5N4zsA1BYItAp1ywOyyp2oX5gaZL4bxDC3_gQU5Mx7T2Q0od_xP119LfGOZsEkMUwFjGjNit7ZW1dD9YrV_jDh7K5HXTZheu_QcJhu5OBWsTKiJv3HeZGnvVUhPBvAfJi8D5xS2DNux9m/s400/10tar+paper+down.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>The felt membrane was tamped down, creating a<br />
moisture barrier. A final one and a half inch<br />
concrete top was poured over this, finishing<br />
the foundation</b></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Construction continued throughout 1941, beginning at the corner of Sycamore and Coliseum, moving west on Coliseum to Hauser, and then continuing east on Rodeo back towards Sycamore.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">On December 7, 1941 (really!), the first residents moved into units in Garage Courts 1 and 2. As subsequent courts were completed, the Village slowly became occupied until the entire development was completed and fully occupied in late 1942.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i>All images here taken from lead architect Reginald D. Johnson's 16mm Kodachrome films, taken between 1941 and 1950. Courtesy David Lebrun and Night Fire Films.</i></span>Steven Keylonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11162895111618226987noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-478449696602390151.post-67414220838422792011-03-24T08:19:00.000-07:002011-03-24T08:26:17.407-07:00Rainbow Over Baldwin Hills Village<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrudWDUNRm0dSXrZtdUew9j1NZc5LD9o4IrsSbDPXjHlmgFfhRK8rTO3QYcZJ27tzT155sSYBckoBtDTN9jT6MZKO1PBYpWWrqIN09mKsgTyul4gsUW5CPxuEQNdLnrXCxk95o-KtNeOEh/s1600/Rainbow.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrudWDUNRm0dSXrZtdUew9j1NZc5LD9o4IrsSbDPXjHlmgFfhRK8rTO3QYcZJ27tzT155sSYBckoBtDTN9jT6MZKO1PBYpWWrqIN09mKsgTyul4gsUW5CPxuEQNdLnrXCxk95o-KtNeOEh/s400/Rainbow.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>This gorgeous rainbow appeared after last night's storm.</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div>Steven Keylonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11162895111618226987noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-478449696602390151.post-10801900411826013332011-03-21T12:33:00.000-07:002011-03-23T11:43:21.639-07:00Recreational Facilities and Children at Baldwin Hills Village, From 1941 to the Present Day<div class="MsoNormal"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">As those of you who live at the Village Green probably know, for the last year or so a group of residents has been exploring the idea of restoring a play area to the Village Green. Playgrounds and other recreational features were originally provided when the Village opened in late 1941. These areas set aside for recreation were considered vital to the overall success by the design team responsible for Baldwin Hills Village. Over the years, nearly all of these recreational facilities were removed, usually to provide more parking for automobiles.</span></i><br />
<i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></i><br />
<i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">As part of the Playground Committee's report, I wrote the following document which describes the planned areas for recreation as designed by the architects and landscape architect.</span></i><br />
<i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></i><br />
<i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">All photographs are stills from Reginald D. Johnson's 16mm Kodachrome film, which he took in 1944. Photos courtesy of David LeBrun and Night Fire Films.</span></i><br />
<i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></i><br />
<i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">There are two Town Hall meetings scheduled this week, please try to attend one of them:</span></i><br />
<i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></i><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #4c1130;">T</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;">hursday, March 24, 2011</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"> In the Clubhouse, 7:00 p.m.</span></span></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;"><b style="background-color: white;"><br />
</b></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;"><b style="background-color: white;">Saturday, March 26, 2011<br />
In the Clubhouse, 10:00 a.m.</b></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;"><b style="background-color: white;"><br />
Presentation of current findings of the committee, followed by Q&A. Results of this discussion will be included in the final Proposed Playground Report.</b></span></span><br />
<i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #666633; font-family: verdana; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal;"><br />
</span></span></i><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #666633; font-family: verdana; font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Bold', sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Bold', sans-serif;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit;"><b>INTRODUCTION:</b></span><b style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Bold', sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">When Reginald <st1:personname w:st="on">J</st1:personname>ohnson, in partnership with associated architects Robert Alexander, Lewis Wilson and Edwin Merrill, and Landscape Architect Fred Barlow, Jr, was designing <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Baldwin</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Hills</st1:placetype> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Village</st1:placetype></st1:place>, great care and attention went into every element. Clarence Stein, the consulting architect, in his book <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Toward New Towns for America</i> wrote: "The purpose of Baldwin Hills Village was to demonstrate the practical possibilities of spacious homes and surroundings in an orderly community at low rentals, using the basic features of the Radburn Idea: superblock, homes facing central greens—twenty acres of green parks—pedestrian and auto completely separated." Lewis Mumford, introducing <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Baldwin</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Hills</st1:placetype> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Village</st1:placetype></st1:place> in the September 1944 issue of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pencil Points</i> magazine, noted the community was “one of a handful of projects that stands out as a fundamental advance in both planning and architecture. I know no other recent community that lends itself so fully to strict scrutiny, simply because every aspect of its physical development has been thought through”. Catherine Bauer, in the same issue of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pencil Points</i>, argued that “Baldwin Hills Village is probably the most seriously progressive experiment in home building by private enterprise since Radburn, New <st1:personname w:st="on">J</st1:personname>ersey, was started eighteen years ago.” </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">In addition to all of the attention to planning the layout, architecture, landscape, circulation, and other aspects of the Village, the architects made sure to include a wide variety of recreational features to foster community. The inclusion of several play areas for children was an integral and important element of that design.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">After the Village was sold to the New England Mutual Life Insurance Company of Boston in 1949, the Insurance Company began to remove most of the planned recreational features, and began discouraging children (through attrition). When, from 1973 through 1978, Baldwin Hills Village was converted into condominiums and renamed Village Green, it was promoted as an Adults Only community. Only after a California Supreme Court ruling overturned this were children once again permitted at the Village Green.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">This document will examine how the original architect’s progressive vision included many recreational amenities to benefit the community, including several areas specifically for children. It will also describe the changes that gradually took place, most of which destroyed or diminished that progressive vision.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">The periods that will be discussed are:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;">1941 – 1949 – Baldwin Hills Village Opens; the War Years and early Post-War Years</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;">1949 – 1983 – Sale of Baldwin Hills Village; the Condo Conversion; Supreme Court Ruling</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;">1983 – Present – Children Again at Village Green </li>
</ol><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;">1941 – 1949 – Baldwin Hills Village Opens; The War Years; Early Post-War Period</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">When <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Baldwin</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Hills</st1:placetype> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Village</st1:placetype></st1:place> opened in late 1941, it was the end of the Great Depression, and the beginning of World War II. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">It was during this time of economic adversity, social reform, technological innovation, and idealized urban planning that Baldwin Hills Village was conceived, designed and built, from 1935-1942. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">A new way of living was introduced at Baldwin Hills Village, and the brochure announcing its opening promised all the advantages of private homeownership, with all the services and amenities of a luxury hotel. The brochure also describes “nine play yards” for children.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Soon after Baldwin Hills Village opened, on December 7, 1941, all of the West Coast architects (Reginald <st1:personname w:st="on">J</st1:personname>ohnson, Robert Alexander, Lewis Wilson and Edwin Merrill), in addition to landscape architect Fred Barlow, <st1:personname w:st="on">J</st1:personname>r., moved into the Village with their families. They wanted to experience first-hand the results of their long planned social experiment: to see how it worked to foster community - and how it might be improved. Reginald <st1:personname w:st="on">J</st1:personname>ohnson stayed a little over two years; the others stayed for much longer periods of time - Fred Barlow, Jr lived in the Village until 1948, Robert Alexander until 1951; and Lewis Wilson and Edwin Merrill lived in the Village until their deaths, in 1957 and 1964.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">PLANNED RECREATIONAL FEATURES</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">In planning the design of this Utopian new community, much thought went into providing the residents of this “Village within the city” some of the qualities and advantages typical of life in a more rural setting. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Lead architect Reginald D. Johnson, writing in 1943 about the vision and concept behind the creation of Baldwin Hills Village, explained that while cities afforded access to culture, shopping and education, “the lack of opportunity in our cities for normal co-operative recreation for both adults and children is shown by the endless lines of automobiles and crowded trolley cars on week-ends and holidays. This great movement of the people is largely motivated by a desire to escape their environment. The truth is that no one stays home in the modern city unless he has to! This not only results in unnecessary drain on the family purse, but also a most unfortunate drain on the nervous system of both adults and children.” </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">One of the objectives of Baldwin Hills Village was to “tame the automobile”. Johnson wrote that “Housing, in the modern connotation of the word, represents an effort to solve the problem of city living. The city is not the farm. As to our children, we are finding protection from automobile traffic and a certain degree of supervised play not only desirable but necessary.”<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0gJ2PrU204_6ku7yIgAuBqd-lud40YFKlf7QMSfCYRC-BLtHmk0jCIVnqsTf5ZZCenYHbywFuhQtjb7UlWhJgxGc_FOeqS5cABA29Xs1gwpq57N497qLovh8RaCFh8rszYWc6RM2nqlPJ/s1600/site+plan.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="321" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0gJ2PrU204_6ku7yIgAuBqd-lud40YFKlf7QMSfCYRC-BLtHmk0jCIVnqsTf5ZZCenYHbywFuhQtjb7UlWhJgxGc_FOeqS5cABA29Xs1gwpq57N497qLovh8RaCFh8rszYWc6RM2nqlPJ/s640/site+plan.gif" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>This site plan illustration of Baldwin Hills Village, showing the areas planned for recreation, as installed in 1941-42. Prepared by Mike McGowan and the Ad Hoc Playground Committee</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">To address these issues, the architects included a variety of recreational facilities for the use of the residents at Baldwin Hills Village. These facilities included:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;">Clubhouse – Including a lending library, ping-pong tables, darkroom, reading lounge with fireplace, patio, large area used for dances, church services, meetings</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;">Playground – a large playground near the Clubhouse building</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;">Tot Lots (smaller fenced play areas) in areas reserved for families with children–– Courts 1, 3, 12 and 17</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;">Badminton Courts, in areas reserved for adults- Courts 6, 8, 9, 11 (in addition to two adjacent to areas near the Clubhouse - East Circle and West Circle)</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;">Horseshoe Pits – Courts 9, 11 and 16</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;">Tennis Courts – either side of the Administration Building, East and West Circle</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;">Croquet Courts – adjacent to (and south of) Tennis Courts in East and West Circle</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;">Wading Pool – just south of the Clubhouse</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;">Putting Greens </li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTdpy21Aw7t7bI4FTxvb_K_8-Xgcn04qSR-Q8cLpKRtcXhdi4MlblqaSnM5IRAWP7vBwA5L6EKIqmExDDFu-GPfMb8Ub-c7Vg4JV0iqEbLL7QL-D1uYORs5NXou6WfleoMObDue3hTQwiF/s1600/clubhouse.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="297" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTdpy21Aw7t7bI4FTxvb_K_8-Xgcn04qSR-Q8cLpKRtcXhdi4MlblqaSnM5IRAWP7vBwA5L6EKIqmExDDFu-GPfMb8Ub-c7Vg4JV0iqEbLL7QL-D1uYORs5NXou6WfleoMObDue3hTQwiF/s400/clubhouse.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>The north entrance to the Clubhouse.</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b>CLUBHOUSE </b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">During World War Two, when people were unable to leave the Village easily due to gas rationing—regular dances, debates, church gatherings, etc. kept the Clubhouse busy. The Clubhouse also had a library, darkroom, billiards, shuffleboard and ping-pong tables.<a href="file://dtchyb-caem050/C_PBO_Users/Steven.Keylon/My%20Documents/Barlow%20Files/BALDWIN%20HILLS%20VILLAGE%20Playground.doc#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">[1]</span></span></span></a><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Billiards in the Clubhouse</b></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Ping Pong on the patio overlooking the Main Green</b></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Ping Pong at the Clubhouse</b></td></tr>
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Although this central building was originally designed to house a nursery school, it was decided at some point before Baldwin Hills Village opened to turn this into a community Clubhouse. Because a nursery school turned out to be necessary, two dwelling units in the East Circle were remodeled for this purpose.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>The Children's Center</b></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>A nurse inspects the children at the Children's Center</b></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Nap time at the Children's Center</b></td></tr>
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<b>PLAYGROUND</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Adjacent to the Clubhouse building, in a large triangular space, was a playground, with a badminton court attached. This playground, because of its proximity to the nursery school, was reserved for children enrolled in the school during WW2 and immediately thereafter. According to a 1943 Baldwin Hills Village newsletter, this play centre was run by Mrs. Catherine McDonald, who watched children aged 2 to 10 by the hour or day. During the war, the Lanham Act provided funds for the creation and running of such nursery schools, to accommodate children whose parents were busy with war work. After the War, many of these schools were privatized. In 1946, the Villager announced “our private Village Nursery School, owned and directed by Mrs. Catherine McDonald, will open its doors to begin receiving the children on the waiting list. The building has been freshly painted, and new, scientific play material is being added as it is made available on the market”.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>The Playground</b></td></tr>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">The identical triangular area (with attached badminton court) to the west of the Clubhouse was intended as one of a number of planned outdoor gathering spaces (see description in Green Spaces and Outdoor Rooms). An aerial photograph from 1944 shows this space open, but by 1948 it is being used as a plant nursery.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Both of these triangular spaces were surrounded by a four foot high wire fence, paved with decomposed granite, and surrounded by pine trees.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b>TOT LOTS</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Though not originally planned for by the architects, after construction the management of Baldwin Hills Village decided to zone about 2/3 of the property for families with children (Starting with Building 52 in Court 10 and continuing clockwise to Building 16 in Court 3). Robert Alexander described in a report soon after Baldwin Hills Village opened that “The segregation and concentration of families with children within certain areas is considered advantageous by both classes of family. It provides quiet for couples and playmates for children.” </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Because of this, many Garage Courts in those areas had smaller “Tot Lots”. These smaller tot lots were paved with decomposed granite, and surrounded by wire fences four feet high, and shrubbery. Catherine Bauer wrote in 1944 that “several enclosed play yards are scattered through the community. In these, mothers of families are getting organized to spell each other for group supervision. Apparently this kind of cooperation doesn’t come very easily, perhaps particularly in this upper-middle economic and social group.” According to Clarence Stein in 1951 “there are a dozen or more small fenced and equipped play areas. These are generally placed just outside the ends of the enclosed motor courts, within sight, or at least hearing of mothers in their kitchens”. Robert Alexander said in the early 50s that “The play areas, scattered throughout the project, were equipped with sandboxes, slides, shelters, swings, seesaws, benches and tables.” He also said that because the inclusion of these smaller tot lots “was not contemplated until after construction, laundry drying facilities and playgrounds are considered inadequate in the children’s areas”. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Perhaps the inadequacy of the smaller playgrounds made the garages themselves attractive to children. Catherine Bauer wrote in 1944 that “Cars in cubby-holes apparently make fascinating play-dens for children: a bonfire was even built under one”, while Clarence Stein related that “the garages became one of the favorite play and hiding places for children – and both cars and children were in danger. But now at Baldwin Hills Village overhead doors have been installed in the greater part of the garages with an additional rent charge”</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Badminton Court</b></td></tr>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b>BADMINTON COURTS</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">In addition to the Badminton Courts attached to the two triangular areas near the Clubhouse, four additional Badminton Courts were located in Garage Courts set aside for families without children. In Court 6, the Badminton Court was located just south of Building 30. In Court 8 it was south of Building 41. Another was located just northeast of Building 44A, and there was also a Court just southeast of Building 54A.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b>HORSESHOE PITS</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Two small narrow Horseshoe Pits were located on the West end of the Village. One was just southeast of Building 46; the other was just northeast of Building 56.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Tennis Courts</b></td></tr>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b>TENNIS COURTS</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Baldwin Hills Village included four Tennis Courts for the use of its residents. There were two each on either side of the Administration Building, just off Rodeo Road</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b>CROQUET COURTS</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Two Croquet Courts were located directly south of the Tennis Courts.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6kmVeT3Qnr2M-OHli4g_YxRsWT-mQCxUSe4dStMjriMZSvXXxpks9lSq6la1KaAHUP0CGP-7RM9D-IqfZQ2PFdHAe5qBaKr0N-fXh__FFebvvAjEt3PnfqUH0qXrT2_6yW5GxqK5iyL-u/s1600/large+pond.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6kmVeT3Qnr2M-OHli4g_YxRsWT-mQCxUSe4dStMjriMZSvXXxpks9lSq6la1KaAHUP0CGP-7RM9D-IqfZQ2PFdHAe5qBaKr0N-fXh__FFebvvAjEt3PnfqUH0qXrT2_6yW5GxqK5iyL-u/s400/large+pond.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>From the Clubhouse, the wading pond and the Main Green,</b><br />
<b> with the Baldwin Hills in the background.</b></td></tr>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b>WADING POOL</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Though a swimming pool was included in early plans for Baldwin Hills Village it was never built. Robert Alexander stated that “Originally a full sized pool was proposed in the area between the Clubhouse and the Administration Buildings; however, due to wartime restrictions it was never built”. Instead, a small wading pond was installed adjacent to the Clubhouse patio, overlooking the Main Green. Reginald Johnson’s Kodachrome films show water in the pool, but by 1944, Catherine Bauer described “a pool, waterless until someone figures out a way to keep babies out of it, lies toward the Green.” Later photographs show this area used as a round planter bed. The coral tree there now was planted after the 1963 flood.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7GcykuuPa-5bmFk-N1SLWchgoE2Et7LX-oQ0O7rL2iABIGbVPqWPFudPX4X_EI9ypEDyjbg4PG1ENjkBvHrJS58wMQ8OmJxJMqE3ANXTXLQrbk-h7EfgT8VbDu5_64qc511nQna36dMa5/s1600/pond.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7GcykuuPa-5bmFk-N1SLWchgoE2Et7LX-oQ0O7rL2iABIGbVPqWPFudPX4X_EI9ypEDyjbg4PG1ENjkBvHrJS58wMQ8OmJxJMqE3ANXTXLQrbk-h7EfgT8VbDu5_64qc511nQna36dMa5/s400/pond.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZyjaXqAKOW34AyJw_RYmilH66yw-yjZdskHWWsAn0VZ8wx_wsrjMMh7iV9I31rxFj4Vx_bZKOsIfBdYjG6VFqooXCQ4DTqh8h6mOnp91oDySGWNKiUkLIamFGJaL7oau7ih0giN-MfHG8/s1600/pond+dad.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZyjaXqAKOW34AyJw_RYmilH66yw-yjZdskHWWsAn0VZ8wx_wsrjMMh7iV9I31rxFj4Vx_bZKOsIfBdYjG6VFqooXCQ4DTqh8h6mOnp91oDySGWNKiUkLIamFGJaL7oau7ih0giN-MfHG8/s400/pond+dad.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b>GREEN SPACES AND OUTDOOR ROOMS</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">The many acres of landscaped grounds also allowed Villagers a wonderful space for recreation. Robert Alexander said that “it was intended that the kids would play ball with their Dad in the center green and this would be a real living place. The kids could pitch tents out there and play cowboys and Indians and whatnot”. Clarence Stein wrote that “Although the Management leaves the great central parks freely open for recreational use, they look empty much of the time. Many of the youngsters seem to find the smaller proportions of the garden courts, which form bays off the central greens, more congenial. They are nearer home, and the little ones love to use shrubs as hiding places.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Exercising on the Main Green</b></td></tr>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">One reason the greens often looked empty is that the original plan called for at least one “sitting-out area” in each Garden Court. As designed by Landscape Architect Fred Barlow, Jr., these “outdoor rooms” had low shrubbery walls, decomposed granite floors, multiple benches and were to be shaded by trees. This welcoming spot was meant to draw people out into the Garden Courts to gather, and to give the Landscape life.<br />
<br />
Because the FHA cut the 212 planned benches at the last moment (unbeknownst to the architects), the outdoor rooms never materialized, and the decomposed granite areas were eventually absorbed into the rest of the landscape.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Bicycling around the Green</b></td></tr>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">A putting green was also included in the plan of the open Green space.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b>NEARBY RECREATION AND PLAYGROUNDS</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">When Baldwin Hills Village opened in 1941, the Sunset Fields Golf Course, a 36-hole public field, was located just east of the Village, across La Brea. It ran roughly from Rodeo up the hill to Don Ricardo. The 19<sup>th</sup> Century Rancho Cienega de la Tijera adobe served as the Clubhouse. After World War Two, this area was subdivided, and large apartment buildings sit there now. The adobe still exists as the offices of the Consolidated Realty Board.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">The La Cienega Playground (now the Rancho Cienega Sports Complex) was located on Rodeo Road, just east of La Brea, next to Dorsey High School (both of which opened in 1937, on land donated by the Baldwin family).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">In 1944, negotiations started with the Baldwin Estate on property north of Rodeo for the creation of a neighborhood playground. In 1949, the Baldwin Estate donated 13 acres to the city of Los Angeles with the provision that the land be used for recreational purposes only. A new fully equipped playground and recreation center was created soon thereafter at Hauser and Exposition, opening in January, 1951.</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p> </o:p><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><o:p> </o:p></i></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;">1949 – 1983 – Sale of Baldwin Hills Village; The Condo Conversion; Supreme Court Ruling</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b>SALE OF BALDWIN HILLS VILLAGE</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">The New England Mutual Life Insurance Company of Boston purchased Baldwin Hills Village in 1949 from the initial group of owners, which included members of the Baldwin family, the Chandler (LA Times) family, the architects involved, and various other investors.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Unfortunately, the progressive vision of a Utopian community ideal for families with children was not shared by the Insurance Company.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Robert Alexander said that “In Baldwin Hills Village, we had the idea that this would be a family place with lots of kids”. However “over a period of years the attrition set in, caused by the fact that any manager in his right mind with a waiting list twice the occupancy of the village would pick people who were sterile and went to Europe every year”. Also, that the manager would be “able to pick and choose the people who would cause him the least amount of trouble resulted in eliminating children”. Regarding the open Green spaces, he explains that “after the New England Mutual Insurance Company bought the thing, I saw the head gardener bring in a truckload of trees and place them in a way that it would be impossible to play ball out there anymore. The gardeners were instructed that if they saw any kids playing out there that they were to turn the sprinklers on”.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Beginning in the early 1950s, many of the community’s recreational facilities were slowly eliminated by the Insurance Company, in order to attract more households without children.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">The smaller Tot Lots, Badminton Courts, Horseshoe Pits, Tennis Courts and Croquet Courts were all removed, and additional garages or parking spaces were usually built in their place.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">The Clubhouse was turned into two spacious apartments in the mid 1950s.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">The only remaining recreational area was the large children’s playground just east of the Clubhouse building. By the early 1950s the private Nursery School had closed, and the playground was open to all children living in the Village. Julius Shulman’s photographs from 1958 show the Playground still in use.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">In 1962, one of the original investors, Baldwin M. Baldwin, repurchased <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Baldwin</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Hills</st1:placetype> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Village</st1:placetype></st1:place> from the Insurance Company. On December 14, 1963, the dam broke at the reservoir at the top of the Baldwin Hills, and substantial flooding and damage occurred at the Village. Photographs documenting the aftermath and flood damage show the Playground still in existence. Architect Robert Alexander was brought back to oversee restoration of damaged areas. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Landscape Architect Merrill Winans was hired to redesign the landscape, much of which had been washed away by the flood. His design did not include a children’s play area of any kind. What had formerly been the Playground was now turned into a large turf area, sprinkled with trees.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b>THE CONDO CONVERSION</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">In 1972, the Estate of Baldwin M. Baldwin sold Baldwin Hills Village to the Terramics Corporation. Soon thereafter, Terramics announced that Baldwin Hills Village (now renamed The Village Green) would offer refurbished apartment units for sale as condominiums, beginning on the Hauser side, and moving east. Again, Robert Alexander was brought in to consult on the conversion, and he was relieved that relatively few changes were made. The conversion to condominiums happened in stages, ending in 1978.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Robert Alexander said that “when it became condominium, to my horror, the new owners who changed it into condominium put deed restrictions in the new deeds that no one under the age of 18 was to live in the village, and if you became pregnant, you’d need to move out”. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">What had been envisioned originally as an ideal condition to raise children was now a completely childless environment.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">John and Denise O’Connor bought a two bedroom unit in Village Green in 1975. On July 4, 1979, their son Gavin was born. Shortly thereafter, the Association gave them written notice that the presence of their son Gavin constituted a violation of the CC & Rs and directed them to discontinue Gavin living there.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">After making unsuccessful attempts to find other suitable housing, the O'Connors filed a complaint against the association seeking to have the age restriction declared invalid and to enjoin its enforcement.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black;">In 1983, in the case of O'Connor vs. Village Green Owners Assn., the state high court said that condo associations could not forbid condo owners from having children live with them.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130; font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">1984 - Present – Children Again at Village Green</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">After the California Supreme Court decision in 1983, families with children slowly began inhabiting Village Green once again.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">In 1990, architect Robert Alexander made a visit to Village Green, and in a letter described changes that he observed, and made recommendations as to how the Village might be improved. He recommended restoring one or more of the Tot Lots or playgrounds.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">By 1994, there were enough children growing up in the Village that the idea of a Playground became one of the issues in a Long Range Rehabilitation and Master Plan commissioned by the Homeowner’s Association, and completed by a firm called Land Images.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Because the West Green’s cross dimensions were the greatest of an open space in the Village (more than 300 feet), this location was proposed for a Playground.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">The report describes that “Given the pastoral character and informal massing of trees in this area, it provides an ideal setting for a centralized children’s play area” They suggested that in order to preserve the natural look of the Green, “generous mounding” at the playground’s periphery would camouflage it somewhat, and would “not noticeably disrupt the look or quality of the overall space”. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">The proposed play equipment, however, consisted of large, brightly colored plastic play structures, and the overall concept wasn't in keeping with the historic character of the landscape.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">This Master Plan philosophy was never adopted by the Board of Directors, and that document was shelved.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Ten years later, in 2004, a few homeowners got together and added a Proposal to the Annual Election Ballot, simply proposing that the idea of a play area for children be explored. An organized and vocal group opposed this concept, and the Proposal did not pass.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">In 2009, there was enough critical mass to support this idea, however. More and more children were born at the Village Green every year, and a play area for children was more feasible than it might have been in the past. The Board approved a Resolution to form an ad-hoc Playground Committee to explore options for a potential play area for children.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p> </o:p></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">REFERENCES:</b></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify;">The 1940s and 50s 16mm color films of Reginald <st1:personname w:st="on">J</st1:personname>ohnson</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify;">“The Villager” newsletters, Baldwin Hills Village 1940s and 50s</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify;">Cornell Rare Books Collection – 1940s photos by Margaret Lowe</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pencil Points</i>, September 1944 – Catherine Bauer description</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify;">“<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Towards New Towns for America,</i>” Clarence Stein, 1951</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify;">Working “as built” architectural drawings, Village Green archives</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify;">Julius Shulman photos, Getty Museum</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify;">Newton, Norman T. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Design on the Land: The Development of Landscape Architecture, </i>Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1971</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify;">“<st1:personname w:st="on"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">J</i></st1:personname><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ohnson, Kaufmann, Coate: Partners in the California Style</i>”, Lauren Weiss Bricker, 1992<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify;">“<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Village Green; Long Range Rehabilitation Master Plan”</i> Prepared by Land Images, 1994<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify;">“<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Use of Color at Baldwin Hills Village, From 1941 to the Present Day”</i> Steven Keylon, 2007<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify;">“<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Robert Alexander: Architecture, Planning and Social Responsibility” </i>Marlene Laskey,<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>UCLA Oral History Program, 1989<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“WHAT IS MEANT BY HOUSING”</i> Reginald D. Johnson – “The Villager”, 9-15-43 </li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify;">1990 Letter from Robert Alexander to Kenny Caldwell, describing his impressions and recommendations following a recent visit to VG.<o:p></o:p></li>
</ul><div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"><br />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a href="file://dtchyb-caem050/C_PBO_Users/Steven.Keylon/My%20Documents/Barlow%20Files/BALDWIN%20HILLS%20VILLAGE%20Playground.doc#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Neutra Text TF'; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Neutra Text TF'; font-size: 10pt;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: 'Neutra Text TF'; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">“The Villager” newsletter; Vol 1, No 10 – December 15, 1943<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">VILLAGERS AFFORDED MANY RECREATIONAL FACILITIES FOR THEIR EXCLUSIVE USE<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">“New life injected into our community activities by the thorough organization of the The Villagers into various action groups throws a strong spotlight on the many splendid recreational facilities proved by the BHV management. Numerous Villagers have enjoyed the advantages provided for the exclusive use of tenants of this deluxe apartment development. Such features include the four fine tennis courts, our free bus service, The Clubhouse with its well furnished meeting rooms, library ping pong and pool tables, bridge tables and sun patio, badminton and croquet courts, the nursery school, maid service, telephone switch boards, and the administration building to care for tenants needs. In addition, there are the landscaped surroundings, lawns and play yards, the walks and open vistas, and similar attractions found in no like area anywhere”<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><br />
</div></div></div>Steven Keylonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11162895111618226987noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-478449696602390151.post-5463937252896378112011-03-08T06:33:00.000-08:002011-03-08T07:15:18.425-08:00Memories of Baldwin Hills Village<div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="404" src="http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4055/4669879808_8a83160ccc_b.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="640" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The Miller Family at their three bedroom apartment at the newly opened Baldwin Hills Village, ca. 1943</span></b></i></td></tr>
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</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Memories of Baldwin Hills Village</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">By Georgiana Miller Searles, June, 2010</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><i><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Georgiana Miller Searles, who now lives in North Carolina, made a return visit to the Village Green in 2009. She has graciously allowed me to share her recollections of her early life at Village Green, and these photographs. She also shared some more extensive memories of the Baldwin Hills School, which will be incorporated into a future post.</span></i><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;"> Not only are oral histories and old photographs like this entertaining and interesting, but they help when we research the history of the Village. They have proven invaluable for tree and plant species identification, paint application styles, as well as other changes over time.</span></i><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
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My family moved to 5212 Village Green in the winter of 1942/43 because my father, C. Edward Miller, had taken a job at North American Aviation, his contribution to the war effort. My mother was Jean Denney Miller. Both she and my father went to Los Angeles High School and graduated from Pomona College in 1933. I was born in December, 1936 and my brother, Denney Miller, in April, 1939. <br />
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The years in “The Village” were magical for us kids and this is especially significant because we were living through World War II, a time of serious limitations and fears. The Village was a safe place with good people all around and great places to play, indoors and out. </span></span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The playground of the first Baldwin Hills School. The school had temporary structures, but was in the same location as the current Baldwin Hills Elementary School.</span></b></i></td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px;"> In my case, I also had extended family living in The Village. My mother’s parents, Albert and Eleanore Denney, lived there, as did my father’s Aunt Betty, Elizabeth Miller, who raised my father and his three younger brothers after their mother died when my father was 7 1/2. Marjorie Swift Miller, the wife of one of those brothers, George, and their young son, Kendall, lived in The Village too, while George was serving as an Army major in the Phillipines. In late 1945, he returned and also lived in The Village, just across the green from us. This meant that I could wander and play freely and safely, I could visit my grandparents or my aunt (who was like a grandmother to me) often. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img height="640" src="http://farm6.static.flickr.com/5094/5507209484_136c574255_b.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="630" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Georgie's friend Naomi "Ann" Dillon, ca 1946</span></i></b></td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px;"> The Village was a great place to play. No streets, multiple playgrounds and “greens”, and the garage courts which were great for playing “Hide and Go Seek”. The olive trees on our green were great for climbing! The edges of the playground in our court, anyway, were planted in natal plums which were awful to roll into because of their thorniness! I also recall seeing my first TV in the village, about 6” square, fuzzy, and, of course, black and white, but quite a marvel to us. We had a great time trick or treating, planning our “tricks” and going from apartment to apartment. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img height="412" src="http://farm6.static.flickr.com/5177/5506606963_8a4bab7cb9_z.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="640" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The Miller apartment at 5212 Village Green, 1943. <br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px;"> The clubhouse was used for many things. I recall great 4th of July parties, including a dunking booth in which my dad was the “dunkee”, 3-legged races and other such contests. There were also many adult activities in the clubhouse. My dad was a square dance caller and my parents loved to dance, so I spent many hours watching the dancing. There was a small pre-school in the clubhouse where my brother went before he was old enough to go to school. I also remember going to a Sunday School class in the clubhouse and while there, hearing of Franklin Roosevelt’s death.</span><br />
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This was war time and many families, including ours, planted “Victory Gardens” across Coliseum Street from The Village, which was then just open fields. We also used to play in those fields which smelled, delightfully to me, of fennel. The Victory Garden was one of many patriotic efforts during this period. I also remember saving “tin foil” off everything including gum wrappers, string, and bacon grease. My mother had to use rationing stamps to buy much of our food. Gas was rationed so we couldn’t travel much, another reason we were fortunate to have so much family in The Village.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img height="400" src="http://farm6.static.flickr.com/5178/5507177424_f0fe25f289_b.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="256" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Jean Denney Miller, Georgie Miller and Denney Miller at 5212 Village Green in Garage Court 3.</span></i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px;"> I remember “VJ Day”, when the war finally ended. We drove around The Village honking the horn on our car. Something bad, from my point of view, came of that, though, because we left our cat inside and she had an accident while we were gone and my dad banished her from the house. Living outdoors, she soon got into some poison and died. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img height="353" src="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2749/4425372881_108f46a745_z.jpg?zz=1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Georgie Miller outside 5212 in 1946. Photographs like this help us identify plant species, and this photo helped to pinpoint the year the paint palette changed.</span></i></b></td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> In the late summer of 1948 we moved to Glendale. Our house was a “prefab”, encouraged by one of the Village architects, Bob Alexander, who was a friend of my parents. My mother tells me that me the move was prompted by an experience in which my brother wanted to pitch a tent on one of the greens and was told he couldn't. Camping was important in my family! But, I know they also felt it was time to have our own home and property. </span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /> <br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /> </span>Steven Keylonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11162895111618226987noreply@blogger.com2